2022年湖南农业大学东方科技学院自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）

1、 2022年湖南农业大学东方科技学院自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】【阅读选择】Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 counties are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile（爬行类的）specie

2、s and 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.Recent studies by the council of Europe have indicated that _. A、wildlife needs more protection only in Britain. B、all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out. C、there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe

3、 than elsewhere. D、many species of reptiles an butterflies in Europe need protecting.【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。本段的第二个句子是这么说的：有21个国家组成的欧洲委员会的研究表明，45%的爬行动物和24%的蝴蝶濒临灭绝。由此可见，D是正确的答案。第2题【单选题】【填句补文】The acid rain（酸雨）is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also

4、a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced. _. A、The problem, however, is not just a European one. B、That is enough to have caused some of the a

5、ncient carvings to become seriously damaged already. C、However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people. D、Acid rain is how a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.【正确答案】C【答案解析】前文提到完成这项工作需要很多的钱，

6、答案转折说到了墨西哥没有这么多的钱去做。两句之间有隐含的逻辑关系。第3题【单选题】【阅读判断】When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans

7、was taken.Q: People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。利用“10，000”作为答案线索词(因为年代通常是用数字表示)，于是发现有句子提到当生活在约一万年前中东地区的人们发现从某些植物中可以收获粮食，并且播种后下一个收获季节还能产出更多的粮食时，就迈开了植物和人类联系的第1 大步。第4题【单选题】【完成句子】Certainly there are m

8、illions who need to lose weight. But there are also millions who only imagine they need to. Compulsive and continuous dieting, not to mention eating disorders, shows that some of us will do anything to reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape. But is being underweight really desirable

9、?A great many people go on a diet to_. A、keep fit B、have a body shape that all people will admire C、prolong life span D、get ride of digestive system diseases【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段文字指出，很多人为了达到当前流行的体型（reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape）而不惜通过节食等方法减肥。因此选择B。第5题【单选题】【概括大意】The charming smiles

10、 and service from the sales ladies and gentlemen are always there ready for you. More often than not（往往）, on such occasions newcomers from elsewhere, say, China mainland, may feel something more than mere uneasiness-even a sense of guilt if they do not buy something from the shop. For some local old

11、-timers（老前辈，老人）, especially the teenagers, they feel quite at home with all these. Some of them think it is no good to be the God; sometimes they would rather be a shoplifter. The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Hong Kong is worthy of its reputation as a business center of the world. B、It is unea

12、sy to be offered smiles and services. C、Shopping or window-shopping here, you can really feel the meaning of The Customer is the God ! D、Shoplifting has been a frequent criminal offence.【正确答案】C【答案解析】本段强调的是这里“顾客是上帝”的这种理念和氛围。因此选择C。第6题【单选题】【2010.04】There is something wrong with my mobile phone. I must

13、have it _. A、repair B、to repair C、repairing D、repaired【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。选择过去分词作宾语补语，表示被动以及动作的完成。【译文】我的手机有毛病了，我一定要修好它（手机）。第7题【单选题】【完成句子】The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has

14、 been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of _. A、indust

15、rially polluted soils B、the element of iodine C、rock and soil chemistry D、the persistence of heavy metals【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过关键词Some serious diseases，可将题目定位于最后一句话：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases. deficiency of和lack of表达同样的意思“缺乏、缺少”，因此根据这句话可以判断答案为B。第8题【单选题】【阅读选择】Hearing l

16、oss, which occurs typically prior to teenage years, progresses throughout ones lifetime. Although hearing loss is now the worlds number one health problem, nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated. For many millions, treating hearing loss in a conventi

17、onal way can involve numerous office visits, expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to Crystal Ear, the sound solution is now convenient. Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss, and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off（下降）, can be dramatically helped with

18、Crystal Ear. Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient, so batteries can last months. Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier（放大器）.According to the passage, hearing loss is_. A、only a minor health problem. B、the worlds most co

19、mmon health problem. C、merely a teenage disease. D、an incurable disease.【正确答案】B【答案解析】hearing loss is now the worlds number one health problem这句话可以帮助我们找到答案。第9题【单选题】【填句补文】There is a difference between science and technology. _. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between obs

20、ervable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science. A、Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.

21、 B、We are all familiar with the improper use of technology. C、Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. D、Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems.【正确答案】D【答案解析】第一句总述了科学和技术是有差别的。缺空后是对两者的分述，

22、因此缺空处也应是对两者的分述，故选D。第10题【单选题】【阅读判断】Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States one for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station.Q: At present about 10% of American citizens posses

23、s a microcomputer. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。本段一开头就说到目前在美国大约有二千四百万台微型电子计算机在使用中，平均每十人就拥有一台。因此本题的表述是正确的。第11题【单选题】【填句补文】“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of whats going on with the elements,” says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge _. A、An earth scientist has rejigge

24、d the periodic table（元素周期表）to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. B、The traditional periodic table was well drawn. C、“I imagine contour lines would be good for undergraduates.” D、But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.【正确答案】C【答案解析】这一

25、段是剑桥大学的Albert Galy的原话，我们可以从引导整个关键点得出答案。即：“地学化学家们只想通过直觉判断元素的活动。我想等高线对学生们有好处”。第12题【单选题】【2009.7】An employee has perfect reliability if he always does his work _. A、personally B、scarcely C、respectively D、responsibly【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题考查副词意义区分。【译文】如果一个员工做工作总是认真负责，他就是完全可信赖的。【详细解答】A 亲自地; B 几乎不; C 个别地; D 可靠地第13

26、题【单选题】【完成句子】As the sunflowers grow, put a hay fence around them for protection and stake if necessary. Plant morning glories or sweet peas around the base of each sunflower, and they will grow up the stems, eventually forming a roof over the top. By summers end, kids will have a sunflower house to p

27、lay in.When autumn comes, children can_. A、seed lots of sunflowers B、play games in the sunflower house C、include plants with animal names D、find their own playing section【正确答案】B【答案解析】段落最后一句是答案的出处，By summers end“夏天结束的时候”实际上就是When autumn comes“秋天来临的时候”。答案选择B。第14题【单选题】【阅读选择】When I graduated from high s

28、chool, my family had a business so I never thought about getting a college degree. I went straight from my high school graduation to work for my father. After 24 years of ups and downs（mostly downs）, I decided that I wanted to return to school and earn a degree in Business Administration.Why didnt t

29、he author go on with education after graduating from high school? A、To help her father with business. B、To escape from school life. C、To experience social life early. D、To achieve her dream.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。事实细节题。该题目主要考查考生对文章主人公相关细节的了解。根据题干内容，此细节定位于文章本段讲述自己高中毕业后经历的部分。文中讲到“当我高中毕业时，爸爸正在做生意。所以我压根没有考虑过

30、继续获得大学学位的事情，毕业后直接转向为爸爸工作”。可判断A选项与原文句意一致。第15题【单选题】【2008.04】The farming methods have been _ improved with the invention of the new machine. A、efficiently B、proficiently C、professionally D、intentionally【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题考查副词词义辨析。句子翻译为：由于新机器的发明，人们已经高效率地改进了农业耕种方法。A 高效率地 B熟练地 C 职业地、专职地 D 故意地、有意地。第16题【单选题】【完成

31、句子】Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages.Book written by J. Verne are_. A、science fictions with a recurre

32、nt theme B、concerned with the problems that we have to solve in the future C、read worldwide D、political implications【正确答案】C【答案解析】这段文字讲到J. Verne是一位有名的作家，所写的书已经译成了许多种语言，因此C选项是正确答案。第17题【单选题】【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience（

33、伪科学）. I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thousands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinion, Velikovsky might be_. A

34、、a member of the National Academy of Science B、a pseudo-scientist C、a science populariser D、a reporter【正确答案】B【答案解析】从这段文字中，我们可以了解到作者认为，Sagan与伪科学作斗争的一个实例就是Sagan摧毁了Velikovsky的错误论述，即Velikovsky提出，在过去几千年中，水星与地球和火星反复多次相撞，这在圣经中有加载。第18题【单选题】There is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most pe

35、ople suffer from a lack of daydreaming _ an excess of it. A、other than B、rather than C、in place of D、instead【正确答案】B【答案解析】rather than 而不是。other than 不同于，除了；in place of 代替；instead 代替。第19题【单选题】【2009.04】If payment is not received, legal action will be our only_. A、aggression B、advantage C、alternative D、

36、ambition【正确答案】C【答案解析】本题考查词义选择。译文：如果我们收不到付款，那就只好诉诸法律了。A 挑衅、侵犯；B 优势、优点；C 选择、取舍；D 野心、抱负。第20题【单选题】It makes good_ to bring an umbrella; it seems to be raining today. A、sense B、reason C、suggestion D、advice【正确答案】A【答案解析】【译文】今天天气看起来要下雨了，因此带着伞是合情合理的。【试题分析】 短语意义区分题。 【详细解答】 A . to make (good) sense “很有意义、合乎情理的、

37、明智的”B 原因 C 建议 D 劝告第21题【单选题】【完成句子】Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its Value therefore, was as a predictor of childrens future learning. If they differed markedly in their abil

38、ity to learn complex tasks，then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obviousIntelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tes

39、ts were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary educationIt was once believed _, and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence. A、born to be more intelligent or less intelligent B、taught to be mor

40、e intelligent C、that intelligence was something a baby was born with D、and because of the lack of communication with his classmates【正确答案】C【答案解析】空格处需要真正的主语（It是形式主语），因此根据语法结构判断C 是答案。该句大意是“人们曾经一度相信，智力是一个孩子天生所具有的，因为我们可以根据他/她的智力水平判断他/她在将来是否会取得成功。第22题【单选题】【阅读判断】Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wi

41、fe of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for 2008 presidency. This is partly due to the biased thinking that women are weak on national security, though they might be strong on education and health care. This damages their prospects as a presidential contender.Q: One of Hillarys campai

42、gn promises is to reform the nations health care system. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。问题句说“Hillary的一个竞选承诺是改革国家的医疗制度。”而本段只是说“女人做教育和医疗方面的工作有优势”，没有说Hillary的一个竞选承诺式改革国家的医疗制度，因此问题句的信息在文章中没有被提到。第23题【单选题】【概括大意】The Second World War is perhaps the most catastrophic （灾难性的） event that mankind ha

43、s ever suffered. The war affected 80 per cent of the worlds people at that time, from 61 countries, and claimed 55 million lives.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Gloomy World B、Worlds Worst Disaster C、The Origin of The Second World War D、The Time of The Second World War【正确答案】B【答案解析】disaster 是c

44、atastrophic （灾难性的） event的另一种表达。第24题【单选题】【概括大意】The key to gardening with kids, says Patti Kraemer-Doell, family garden coordinator at the New York Botanical Gardens, is “Letting them experience it themselves. We have tried to guide them, but not tell them to put the sunflowers here and the tomatoes t

45、here. The emphasis is on developing their imagination and their appreciation for being out in the garden.”The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Different Kinds of Gardens. B、Kinds of Plants in s Home Garden C、The Most Important Point in Family Gardening D、How to plan sunflowers and tomatoes【正确答案】C【

46、答案解析】本段指出家庭园艺的主旨是让孩子去体验，培养他们的想象力和鉴赏力。所以答案为C。第25题【单选题】【阅读选择】I recognized that the sites such as Associated Content can provide a fertile ground for learning how to become a better writer. I could see that this was an open door for systematically learning some basic writing skills without paying colle

47、ge tuition for classes and leaving the comfort of my own home. In the eyes of the author, the site Associated Content _. A、offers you a lot of novels to read B、is good for your becoming a writer C、asks you to study writing regularly D、is rather expensive but convenient【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。根据本段的can prov

48、ide a fertile ground for learning how to become a better writer确定B答案。其余选项与原文意思不符。A与D选项所表达内容在文中并未提及，可以被排除。C选项中regularly一词并未在文中得到体现。第26题【单选题】【2010.04】We should _ this in mind: Dont judge a person by his appearance. A、bear B、put C、place D、print【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题考查词汇题。【译文】 我们应当牢牢记住：不要以貌取人。详细解答】牢记在心：bear in

49、 mind 或者keep in mind第27题【单选题】【阅读选择】Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certain elements of writing: a word, a phrase, an idea, a sound, or a grammatical construction. We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternate heavy and light beats in music. Our love for rhyt

50、hm seems to be innate: witness the responses of a small child to lively music. Children love to beat on toy drums or empty boxes. They stamp their feet and chant nursery rhymes or nonsense syllables, not unlike primitive dancers. As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to

51、 rhythm, but our love of rhythm remains. We live in rhythms; in fact we are governed by rhythms.According to the passage, an adults reaction to rhythm in music would probably be _. A、uninhibited B、indifferent C、restrained D、responsible【正确答案】C【答案解析】该题的解题依据在本段结尾部分“As children grow older, they are taug

52、ht to restrain their responses to rhythm”。作者讲：随着孩子的年龄逐渐增大，大人就会教他们抑制对节奏的反应，等他们长大之后，他们对音乐节奏的反应，更可能受到抑制。第28题【单选题】【完成句子】In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because, British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive a

53、nd partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _. A、too much energy B、based on American designs C、they are too costly D、they are not reliable【正确答案】C【答案解析】本

54、段第二句就是讲的两个原因，即人们的工资水平太低，也就是没有能力使机器人发挥出创造财富的作用，言下之意就是成本高。第二个原因就是人们逐渐意识到了操纵机器人不是件容易的事情，所以使用率就下降了。所以应该选C。第29题【单选题】【阅读判断】The UK is portioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capit

55、a GDP（人均国内生产总值）after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the surveyChina was in the lower haft of the league at 60thQ: The United States of America is among the top 10 countries in the survey. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。问题句说“美国位于前十个国家的行列”。The US, which has the second highest per capi

56、ta GDP (人均国内生产总值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. 该句说“美国的人均国内生产总值排名第2，仅位于卢森堡之后，因此美国在这项调查中位于第13位。”显然问题句的说法与该句的说法不一致，因此判断问题句“错误”。第30题【单选题】【完成句子】Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne a

57、nd H.G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages.Book written by J. Verne are_. A、science fictions with a recurrent theme B、concerned with the problems that we have to solve in the future C、read worldwide D、political implications【正确答案】C【答案解析】这段文字讲到J. Ve

58、rne是一位有名的作家，所写的书已经译成了许多种语言，因此C选项是正确答案。第31题【单选题】【阅读选择】Good news for chocoholics：the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you, according to American researchers at the University of CaliforniaChocolate contains substances called flavonoids(类黄酮) that can help maintain a healthy he

59、art and good circulationThe researchers have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body：these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.Why is chocolate good for heart and circulation? A、It r

60、educes pain and stress B、It contains substances called flavonoids C、It releases endorphins in human body D、It acts like aspirin to protect heart【正确答案】B【答案解析】因果关系词信号词。凡是注释中文的地方可能是答案区域。第32题【单选题】【阅读选择】In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy