培训课件2017年之前hna787etops training-oct

1、787 ETOPS Briefing Hainan Airlines (HNA)October, 2013WARNING: The technology herein is controlled by U.S. Export Administration Regulations (EAR). Any export or re-export of this technology must comply with the EAR. Controlled by ECCN: 9E991Mike MockLead Engineer, ETOPS SupportFlight Operations Engi

2、neeringAgendaETOPS Regulations Overview787 ETOPS Type Design and Fleet Experience787 ETOPS Performance Tools and MethodsETOPS Route Planning Concepts and ExamplesETOPS Dispatch PlanningEnroute ConsiderationsWhat is ETOPS ?ETOPS = Extended Operations*An airplane flight operation, other than an all-ca

3、rgo operation in an airplane with more than two engines, during which a portion of the flight is conducted beyond a time threshold identified in part 121 or part 135 of this chapter using an approved one-engine-inoperative cruise speed under standard atmospheric conditions in still air.* ETOPS appli

4、es to all airplane modelsFAR 1.1, DefinitionsWhat is ETOPS ?ETOPS = Extended Range Operations for Two Engine AeroplanesEU-OPS 1.192: ETOPS Operations are those with two engine aeroplanes approved by the authority (ETOPS approval), to operate beyond the threshold distance determined in accordance wit

5、h OPS 1.245(a) from an Adequate AerodromeAMC 20-6 (Rev 1): Extended Range Operations are those flights conducted over a route that contains a point further than one hour flying time at the approved one-engine-inoperative cruise speed (under standard conditions in still air) from an adequate aerodrom

6、eEASA Definitions* ETOPS applies to two engine airplanes onlyEDTO vs. ETOPSEDTO = Extended Diversion Time Operations*Any operation by an aeroplane with two or more turbine engines where the diversion time to an en-route alternate aerodrome is greater than the threshold time established by the State

7、of the Operator ICAO and some national authorities such as CASA Australia and NZ CAA are using of this terminology in lieu of the term ETOPS* EDTO and ETOPS describe the same type of operationICAO Annex 6 (November, 2012)FAR 121.161, Airplane Limitations: Type of Route*unless approved by the Adminis

8、trator no certificate holder may operate a turbine-engine-powered airplane over a route that contains a pointFarther than a flying time from an Adequate Airport (at a one-engine inoperative cruise speed under standard conditions in still air) of 60 minutes for a two-engine airplane or 180 minutes fo

9、r a passenger-carrying airplane with more than two engines;Within the North Polar Area (north of 78 N); orWithin the South Polar Area (south of 60 S); *Aligned with CCAR Part 121, Chapter W Extended Operations (ETOPS) and Polar Operations The 60-Minute Rule Limits Twin-Engine Route OpportunitiesTypi

10、cal Operational Range 400 nmNote: Blue represents regions beyond the 60-minute rule limitNorth Polar Area of Operation* Airports shown in grey are no longer listed in the Russian International AIP Bodo Astana Cold Lake Iqaluit Nome St Johns Svalbard YellowknifeAnchorage Bismarck Churchill Guangzhou

11、Montreal Moscow Nizhnevartovsk Petropavlovsk Pituffik YakutskAbakanAktyubinsk AlmatyAnadyrArkhangelskAshgabatBakuBangkok BangorBarnaulBarrowBeijingBratskCalgaryChengduChitaDelhiDetroitEdmontonEkaterinburg FairbanksGanderGoose BayGuiyang HanoiHelsinki Ho Chi Minh City HohhotHong KongHotanIrkutskIslam

12、abad JuneauKashiKazanKhabarovskKrasnoyarskKushiroLanzhouLuleaMagadanMarquette KangerlussuaqMumbaiMurmansk New YorkNizhniy Novgorod NovosibirskPerm Phuket ReykjavikSapporoSeattleSemipalatinskShanghaiShijiazhuang ShimkentSingapore Stockholm StornowaySurgutSyktyvkar TaiyuanTashkent TokyoTorontoUfaUlaan

13、baatarUrgenchUrumqiVal DorVladivostokXi AnYuzhno-SakhalinskSeoul SydneyDubaiLos AngelesTehranTurkmanbashi Mineralnye VodyVolgograd IranshahrHouston KarachiChicagoSan FranciscoSalt Lake City DenverAtlantaSt Louis PhoenixDallas Hatanga NorilskMirnyjNeryungriPolyarnyjTiksi Salekhard78 N*Airports shown

14、in gray are no longer listed in the Russian International AIP North of 78 N LatitudePOLAR ROUTESTypical 60-MinuteNon-ETOPS BoundaryAlso an ETOPS area for TwinsETOPS Regulations and GuidanceFAR Part 121, Appendix P Requirements for ETOPS and Polar OperationsOperational approval criteria for all airpl

15、anes (twins, tris, quads)Specific considerations for each diversion time75, 90, 120, 138*, 180, 207*, 240 (north)*, 240 (south), beyond 240Advisory Circular (AC) 120-42BChapter 3:Requirements for ETOPS AuthorizationChapter 4:Applications to Conduct ETOPSChapter 5:FAA ETOPS ApprovalChapter 6:Polar Op

16、erationsAppendix 2:ETOPS ApprovalsAppendix 3:ETOPS Approval Methods* Applied on a flight by flight exception basisFAAThe Evolution of ETOPS2008195360 Minute Rule(FAR 121.161)Tri-jet ReliefETOPS19851903First Flight 19641985AC 120-42 120/138 min1988AC 120-42A 75/120/180 min1994Draft Appendix 7 Acceler

17、ated ETOPSEPL 20-1 207 min (777)2001PolarPolicy2003ARACReport 2004ETOPSNPRM2000Twin engine airplane capabilities have evolved based on improved reliability of jet engines.1990EarlyETOPS19992007ETOPSRule(Extended Operations)Rescue Fire Fighting Policy 1998Icing PolicyAPU start Policy1936100 Mile Rule

18、Simulated ETOPS2008AC120-42BCreateRefineExtend.Worldwide ETOPS standards share a common intent and many common requirements240 Minutes & Beyond 240 MinutesPacific Ocean area betweenthe US west coast and Australia, New Zealand, and Polynesia South Atlantic oceanic area and Indian Ocean areaOceanic ar

19、ea between Australia and South America South polar area 207 Minutes (flight by flight)Pacific Ocean areas north of 40N (NOPAC ATS routes and published tracks between Japan and North America)240 Minutes (flight by flight )North polar area Pacific Ocean north of equator78N60SEquatorExtended Operations

20、 for TwinsMaximum Time Authorized For Various Regions FAR Part 121, Appendix P*180 Minutes207/240 Minutes (Flight by Flight)240 Minutes (Flight by Flight)240 Minutes (Flight by Flight)240 Minutes and Beyond180 Minutes * 240 minute and higher operations require 180 minute type designFlight by Flight

21、Exception BasisThe use of a greater ETOPS maximum diversion authority under specific, limited circumstances, when a flight cannot be planned on the preferred route within an authorized lesser diversion time.Considerations may include political or military concerns, volcanic activity, temporary airpo

22、rt conditions, airport weather below dispatch requirements or other weather related events. Once authorized, the operator does not need to seek approval for each flight where exception is used.Airline should maintain documented record of use for tracking purposes, which may be requested by the autho

23、rity on a periodic basis.AC 120-42B, Section 303Boeing/FAA ETOPS Philosophy*Avoid the diversionEnhanced airplane/engine design standardsEnhanced airline maintenance practicesEnsure that the diversion is safeEnhanced airplane/engine design standardsEnhanced dispatch planning (fuel, weather)Enhanced c

24、rew training and awareness* Preclude and ProtectETOPS Approval ProcessType Design ApprovalOperational ApprovalContinuing SurveillanceETOPS ApprovalETOPS is a Two Step ProcessManufacturer must get Type Design Approval for the airframe/engine combinationThe Airplane is ReadyAirline operators must get

25、Operational Approval to fly ETOPSThe Airline is ReadyPreclude and ProtectOver 35 Boeing Airplane/Engine Type Design Approvals for ETOPS787-8/GEnx and Trent 1000 both approved for 180/207 minutes12 787 ETOPS operators as of Sept, 2013Engine Type717-200BR715-200JT8DDecember19850-3/4/500CFM56-3Septembe

26、r19908-6/7/800December1998September19991439-900April200111-900ERApril200711RB211-535CJuly1990July199000RB211-535E4December1986July19901325RB211-535E4-BSeptember1992September199244PW2037/PW2040March1990April199227RB211-535E4/E4-BSeptember1992September199211PW2037/PW2040July1990April199201RB211-535E4/

27、E4-BJanuary1999January199911PW2037/2040/2043June200211JT9D-7R4D/EMay1985April199024CF6-80A/A2August1985April198944CF6-80C2 PMCMay1988April19891111CF6-80C2 FADECMarch1991May19932028PW4000April1990July19931625RB211-524HMarch1991March199312CF6-80C2 PMCJune200811CF6-80C2 FADECOctober200900-300FCF6-80C2

28、FADECOctober199567-400CF6-80C2 FADECJuly200022PW4000May1995306GE90October1996November20112002Trent 800October1996303PW4000March1997849GE90February1997November2011113015Trent 800April199710411-200LRGE90-110B/115BFebruary2006November20116207FGE90-110B/115BFebruary2009November201181011PW4090June199812P

29、W4098April200011Trent 800May199834-300ERGE90-115BMarch2004November2011258126Trent 1000August20115-5GEnx-1BMarch201257123Boeing ETOPS Operators*787*-8 As of December 2011FAA Type Design Approval for120-minutesFAA Type Design Approval for180-minutesETOPS Operators Counts180 min207 minTotal at any leve

30、lAirplaneFAA Type Design Approval forBeyond 180-minBeyond 180 minNo 717 ETOPS operators737CFM56-775-min May 2004757-200-200 PF-300767-200/300777-200-200ER-300BCF * 787 ETOPS operator counts are through September, 2013* Many airlines are approved for ETOPS on two or more models, but are only counted

31、once in the total-300 February 2013 February 2013-ETOPS Design Capabilities and Objectives Summary737NG737 MAX757767747-8I777-300ER, 200LR *777 Freighter *777-300777-200ER/GE *777-200ER/PW *777-200ER/RR787-8787-9180 min330 minCurrent capability207 minFuture objective * 207 for EASA (330 pending) * 2

32、07 for EASA (330 pending)* 207 for EASA (330 pending)* 207 for EASA (330 pending)Extended Operations in the Southern HemisphereThe Basis for 330 Minute CapabilityBuenos AiresSantiagoEaster IslandPapeeteChristchurchAucklandSydneyMelbournePerthHobartCape TownJohannesburgWindhoekAntananarivoJakartaSing

33、aporeDarwinMauritiusDubaiMaleColomboAscension IslandDiego GarciaRio De JaneiroSao PauloRarotongaLuandaRio GallegosAddis AbabaManilaCaracasBelemLimaSan JuanAucklandSydneySouth PoleAKL-EZE Great CircleJNB-SYD Great CircleSYD-JNB7,485 nmiAKL-EZE5,495 nmiEZE-AKL6,195 nmiJNB-SYD6,020 nmiArea Of Operation

34、s180 Minutes240 Minutes300 Minutes330 MinutesEvolution of ETOPS Type Design StandardsFAA AC 120-42(A)(TP6327)Service experience approachDesign for ETOPS198519952010FAA Special Conditions 25-ANM-84A(180-min ETOPS at entry into service)Relevant experience (Lessons Learned)ETOPS demonstration testingPr

35、oblem tracking and resolutionDemonstrated reliability 14CFR 25.1535, Appendix K: ETOPS up to airplanes capabilityDesign features added after entry-into-serviceFAA 207 Policy Letter 20-1New rule codifies the ETOPS airworthiness standards from AC120-42A, 777 SC 25-ANM-84A and EPL 20-1ETOPS Type Design

36、 Approval ConsiderationsAirframe/engine combination designed to fail-safe (FAR Part 25) criteriaEffect of operation with a failed engineFuel managementIndependent sources of AC powerCargo fire protection systemEquipment coolingAnalysis of failure effectsIn-service experience (world fleet)Manufacture

37、r validation flight testModel Specific Configuration, Maintenance and Procedures (CMP) Document defines additional requirements for ETOPSA document approved by the FAA that contains minimum configuration, operating, and maintenance requirements, hardware life-limits, and Master Minimum Equipment Lis

38、t (MMEL) constraints necessary for an airplane-engine combination to meet ETOPS type design approval requirements.The CMP document is model specific and defines the minimum configuration standard for ETOPS Configuration, Maintenance and Procedures Document (CMP)ETOPS Definitions (FAR 1.1) Initial CM

39、P content is developed during design and testETOPS PhilosophyPreclude & Protect Diversions Early-ETOPS Type Design Certification Process777 SC 25-ANM-84A Part 25.1535 & App. K1. Design for ETOPS2. Relevant Experience3. Maintenance & Operations Procedures Validation4. ETOPS Testing5. Problem Tracking

40、 and ResolutionThe 5 Main Elements of Early-ETOPS Ensure ETOPS Capability at Service EntryEarly-ETOPS Type Design Certification ProcessEarly ETOPS Type Design Dedicated TestingPropulsion System 3000 Cycle TestAPU 3000 Cycle TestAirplane Demonstration TestProblem Reporting for ETOPS eventsAll ETOPS s

41、ignificant events occurring during any ETOPS demonstration testing reported to the FAAEach ETOPS significant event must be appropriately resolvedEvent reporting continues in-service for first 250,000 engine hours(14 CFR Part 21.4)Maintenance and Operational Procedures ValidationCompliance to K25.2.2

42、(d), (f), (g) and (h)787 APU In-flight Start PerformanceInitial Operator Service Experience and Boeing Flight Test787 ETOPS Demonstration Flight TestsMultiple 345 minute engine-out diversion demonstrationsMCT (2 repeated on same engine) pression at 10,000 ftDriftdown profileMultiple degraded system

43、diversion scenarios (345 minutes)Multiple cycles from humid environment to cold soak at altitudeMaximum duration flight demonstrationUse of in-service manuals and proceduresPost test inspectionCompliance to K25.2.2(g)787-8 ETOPS Demonstration Flight Tests Compliance to K25.2.2(g)Scenarios/OtherTrent

44、 1000Trent 1000 Package BGEnxGEnx PIP ITotalsAirplanes11215Flights29231264Flight hours2171420413448*Humidity cycles101020Engine-out conditions (345 minutes)8213225Degraded electrical (345 minutes)Single VFSGAPU only681412311Degraded ECS/PECS (345 minutes)66Max ETOPS mission18:2419:12Diversion airpor

45、ts33Post-test inspectionsYesYesYesYes* 6,775 total 787-8 flight test hours thru November, 2012Flight Test Scenarios and Statistics Summary*All 787 Flight Operations ProceduresNormalNon-normalSupplementaryDDGAffects ETOPS Significant Systems?yesValidate ProcedureAnalysisEngineering CabFlight TestExam

46、ples of Operational Procedures Validated: Fuel SystemFuel LeakFuel Press Eng L, RFuel Pump Center L, RFuel Pump L, Aft, FwdFuel Pump L, Aft, FwdFuel Qty LowFuel Temp HighFuel Temp LowFuel Valve APU(contd)Compliance to K25.2.2(c)787 ETOPS Type DesignOperational Procedure Validations EXTENDED OPERATIO

47、NS (ETOPS) ETOPS Type Design Compliance - 787Operational Data Section of AFMExample LanguageThe type design reliability and performance of this airplane/engine combination has been evaluated in accordance with 14 CFR 25.1535 and found suitable for up to180 minutes extended operations when configured

48、 in accordance with Boeing Document D021Z002 MODEL 787 ETOPS Configuration, Maintenance, and Procedures. This finding does not constitute approval to conduct extended operations.The system time capability of the cargo fire suppression system is # minutes.The system time capability of the most limiti

49、ng ETOPS significant system other than cargo fire suppression is 345 minutes.787-8 Cargo Fire Suppression Times* High rate discharge bottles provide initial 15 minutes of suppression time. * Bottle ConfigurationSuppression TimeETOPS Capability2A, 2B, 2C195 minutes180 minutes2A, 2B, 2C, 2D242 minutes

50、207/240 minutes2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E306 minutesUp to 330 minutesPlanning based on all engine cruise for ETOPS 180/207 MinutesAirline Operational ApprovalETOPS configured airplaneApplication approval planOperator ETOPS programs and documentationFlight OperationsMaintenance Company trainingOperational va

51、lidation flightOperations SpecificationApproval Of The Airline To Operate An ETOPS Type Design Approved Airplane On ETOPS Routes* 737, 757, 767, and 777. Note: Besides scheduled commercial flights, this map also includes charter and some VIP ETOPS flights.Over 52,500 ETOPS flights per month7.2 milli

52、on cumulative ETOPS flights124 current ETOPS operatorsBoeing ETOPS Operations are Routine WorldwideThrough December, 2011ETOPS Flight Operations Program*Section 303, ETOPS Flight Operations Guidelines Airplane Performance DataAirport InformationDispatchEn-routeETOPS Procedures DocumentationSection 3

53、04, Flight Operations Training Guidelines ETOPS Unique RequirementsCheck Airmen used in ETOPSReview of Training Program and Operating ManualsSection 303 and 304 of FAA AC 120-42BETOPS Operational ApprovalMethodsTraditional (In-Service) MethodOne or more years of experience with airframe/engine requi

54、redMaintain airplane in ETOPS Configuration (CMP)For 120-minute approval, operate non-ETOPS for 1 yearFor 180-minute approval, operate 120-min ETOPS for 1 year.This operational approval method was the industry standard for the first 10 years of ETOPS. Accelerated MethodAirline must validate ETOPS pr

55、ocesses prior to operational approvalAvoids unnecessary delay in entering ETOPS serviceUp to 180 min approval at initial service entry of a new modelShifts emphasis but does not relax operational requirements In use since 1994, and currently the industry standard. FAA AC 120-42B and EASA AMC 20-6 pr

56、ovide for both methodsAccelerated ETOPS has e the Industry StandardAccelerated Method (2 engine airplanes)*Accelerated ETOPS Operational ApprovalUp to 180 minutes at EISInitial application at least 6 months before start of ETOPS24 months ETOPSoperating experience at 180 minutes of higherBeyond 240 m

57、inutes207/240 minutes any time after EIS* EASA AMC 20-6 does not define specific service experience requirements for beyond 180 minute ETOPSFAR 121 Appendix P and AC 120-42BSubmit Plan & Validate ProcessesService Entry (EIS)(at least 12 months at 240 minuteson airframe/engine)Through September, 2013

58、787 ETOPS Operational Approval StatusMonth of first deliveryFirst Revenue DeparturesETOPS Approval Months Exper- ience*ETOPS MinutesAINAir IndiaSep-12Sep-12Sep-12090ANAAll Nippon AirwaysSep-11Oct-11Oct-110180BABBritish AirwaysJun-13Aug-13Sep-131180BRIThomson AirwaysJun-13Jun-13Jun-130180ETHEthiopian

59、 AirlinesAug-12Aug-12Aug-120180GUNChina SouthernMay-13Jun-13Sep-133120JALJapan AirlinesMar-12Apr-12Mar-120180LANLAN AirlinesAug-12Oct-12Aug-120180LOTLOT Polish AirlinesNov-12Dec-12Dec-120180NLHNorwegian Long HaulJun-13Jul-13Jul-130180QTRQatar AirwaysOct-12Nov-12Nov-120180*UALUnited AirlinesSep-12Nov

60、-12Dec-121180* Approved for ETOPS, but no current ETOPS routes.Airline* HNA plans ETOPS from China following initial domestic experience.* Months Experience is generally the time from EIS (Entry Into Service - month of first revenue operations) to ETOPS operational approval. With the Accelerated ETO