全国疾控卫生应急培训之6-Emergency exercises演练基本知识（美国疾控中心）

1、Lesson #1课程 #1Exercise Basics演练根本知识Centers for Disease Control and Prevention美国疾病预防控制中心Objectives 具体目标After completing Lesson 1, you will be able to: 在完成课程1后，你将能够： Distinguish between different exercise types. 区分不同类型的演练Identify the main goals for conducting exercises. 确定开展演练的主要目的 Describe the buildi

2、ng block approach to exercises. 描述开展演练的模块化方法Lesson 1- Exercise basics 练习1-演练根本知识Exercise Something performed or practiced in order to develop, improve, or display a specific power or skill. 演练- 为开展、提高或者展示特定的能力或技能而开展的活动-Merriam-Websters Dictionary Disaster exercise programs防灾演练Disaster exercise progr

3、ams should: 防灾演练应该：begin with an assessment of risk and capabilities 首先对风险和能力进行评估focus on specific capabilities within the plan rather than specific threats 注重预案中的特定能力而不是特定威胁result in improved execution of the plan through training and revision of the plan 最后通过培训和预案修订以提高预案执行能力The planning cycle预案编制循

4、环TRAINPLANEXERCISEIMPROVE培训回顾执行情况Describe tasks预案演练完善学习Learn tasks描述Perform tasksReview performance of tasks执行Reasons for conducting exercises实施演练的原因Evaluate operations and plans. 评估实际操作和预案Reinforce teamwork. 加强团队协作Demonstrate resolve to prepare for emergencies and disasters. 验证处置突发事件和灾难的解决能力Clarify

5、 roles and responsibilities. 明确职责Reasons for conducting exercises实施演练的原因Improve interagency coordination. 提高部门间协作Find resource gaps. 找出资源差距Develop individual performance. 提高个人能力Identify opportunities for improvement 有时机完善预案Ultimately, we exercise to improve execution of the plan when it is needed mo

6、st最终，我们演练的目的是在紧要关头提高预案的执行力Types of Exercises演练类型 Discussion-based exercises 讨论式的演练 Tabletop exercise 桌面推演 Operations-base exercises 操作式的演练 Drills 操练 Functional exercise 专项演练 Full Scale exercise 综合演练Discussion-based exercises讨论式的演练Provide a forum for discussing or developing plans, agreements, traini

7、ng and procedures. 举办一个讨论会，进行讨论和编写预案，取得共识，开展培训及梳理流程Are generally less complicated that operations-based types. 通常没操作式演练那么复杂Typically focus on strategic, policy-oriented issues. 通常关注策略性、政策导向性问题Do not involve deployment of resources. 不涉及动用资源Primarily Tabletop Exercises主要是桌面推演Tabletop exercises桌面推演 Inv

8、olve senior staff, government officials, or other key personnel 涉及资深的工作人员，政府官员或者其他关键人物Informal group discussion 非正式小组讨论Used to test existing plans, policies, or procedures without incurring the high costs 用于检验现有预案、政策或操作流程，而无需花费太多Allows participants to work through a problem without the pressure of a

9、n operations-based exercise 允许参与人员在没有操作式演练的压力下处理问题Goals of a tabletop exercise: 桌面推演的目标:In a tabletop exercise, participants: 在桌面推演中，参与人员：Identify strengths and shortfalls. 发现优缺点 Enhance understanding of new concepts. 增进对新概念的理解 Seek to change existing attitudes and perspectives. 寻求改变现有态度和观点的时机Tablet

10、op exercise conduct characteristics:桌面推演的特征： Requires an experienced facilitator. 需要有经验的辅助人员 In-depth discussion. 深度的讨论 Slow-paced problem solving. 慢速地解决问题Operations-based exercises操作式的演练 Deployment of resources and personnel. 动用资源和人力 More complex than discussion- based. 比讨论式的演练更加复杂 Require executio

11、n of plans, policies, agreements, and procedures. 需要执行预案、政策、共识和操作流程Operations-based exercises操作式的演练Clarify roles and responsibilities. 明确职责Improve individual and team performances. 验证和提高个人和团队 的执行能力Includes drills, functional exercises and full-scale exercises. 包括操练、专项演练和综合演练Drills 操练A supervised act

12、ivity that tests a specific operation or function of a single agency. 一种监督下的行为，此行为用于检验单一机构特定的运作或功能Goals of a drill: 操练的目的：In a drill, participants: 在操练中，参与人员： Get training on new equipment. 得到新装备的培训 Test new procedures. 检验新的操作流程 Practice and maintain skills. 练习和维护技能Prepare for more complex exercises

13、. 准备更加复杂的演练Characteristics of drill conduct操练的特征 Immediate feedback. 迅速反响Realistic but isolated environment. 真实但孤立的环境 Functional exercise专项演练 A functional exercise is a single or multi-agency activity designed to evaluate capabilities and multiple functions using simulated response. 专项演练是单个或者多个机构的行为

14、，该行为通过假设的应急响应来评价能力和多种功能Goals of a functional exercise:专项演练的目的：In an functional exercise, participants: 在专项演练中，参与人员： Evaluate management of Emergency Operations Centers, command posts, and headquarters. 评估应急指挥中心、指挥所和指挥部的管理 Assess the capacity of response plans and resources. 评估应急预案和资源的能力Functional ex

15、ercise conduct characteristics: 专项演练的特征：Simulated deployment of resources and personnel. 假设动用了资源和人力 Rapid problem solving. 快速解决问题 Highly stressful environment. 高度紧张环境Full scale exercise 综合演练 A full-scale exercise is a high-stress multi-agency, multi-jurisdictional activity involving actual deploymen

16、t of resources in a coordinated response, as if a real incident had occurred. 综合演练是高度紧张的多机构跨领域的行为，该行为在协调处置情况下实际动用资源，就像突发事件真的发生一样。Goals of a full scale exercise: 综合演练的目标：In an full scale exercise, participants: 在综合演练中，参与人员： Assess plans and procedures under crisis conditions. 在危机下评估预案和操作流程 Evaluate c

17、oordinated responses under crisis conditions. 在危机下评估协同处置能力Full scale exercise conduct characteristics:综合演练的特征：Mobilization of units, personnel, and equipment. 动用部门、人员和设备Scripted exercise scenario. 设定的演练场景Stressful, realistic environment 紧张真实的环境Summary of Exercise Characteristics 演练特征的概要Tabletop (dis

18、cussion-based)桌面推演（讨论式） Senior staff, elected or appointed officials, or other key personnel. 资深工作人员，遴选出或指定的官员，或其它关键人员Tests existing plans, policies, or procedures. Low cost, Low stress environment 检验现有预案、政策或操作流程。低成本，低压力环境Summary of Exercise Characteristics演练特征的概要Drills (operations-based)操练 （操作式）Tes

19、t a specific operation or function of a single agency; 检验单个机构特定的运作或功能Gain training on new equipment, test new procedures, practice and maintain skills. 获得新装备的培训，检验新的操作流程，练习和维持技能Prepare for more complex exercises. 准备更加复杂的演练Summary of Exercise Characteristics演练特征的概要Functional (operations-based)专项（操作式）

20、A single or multi-agency activity designed to evaluate capabilities, multiple functions.为单个或多个机构的行为，该行为用于评估能力和多种功能Simulated deployment of resources and personnel.假设动用资源和人力Requires rapid problem solving, highly stressful environment. 需要快速解决问题，高度紧张的环境Summary of Exercise Characteristics演练特征的概要Full scale (operations-based)综合（操作式）A multi-agency, multi-jurisdictional activity. 多机构、跨领域的行为Involves actual deployment of resources in a coordinated response, as if a real incident had occurred.协同处置时实际动用资源，犹如突发事件真的发生Uses a scr