初三直接引语变间接引语的讲解

1、Direct speech 直接引语 Reported speech间接引语.直接引述别人的话，要加引号用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式: 原封不动地引用原话原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号把它放在括号内内,这叫直接引语这叫直接引语;二二. 用自己的话加以转述用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引这叫间接引语语 .）人称的变化）人称的变化一一随随主主二随宾二随宾三三不不变变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾

2、语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称在变间引后去人称不变称不变She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennisHe said to Lily,“ you must get up early”He told Lily that she must get up earlyShe said to me ,“ They want tohelp him”She told me that That they wanted help him一随主，二随宾，三不变一随主，二随宾，三不变一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时

3、一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：记住：记住：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化动词的变化“一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：S

4、hesaid.Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrother wantedtogo shoppingwithher.The boy said ,” Im reading a book.”Directspeech直接引语直接引语 Theboysaid(that)hewasreadingabook.Reportedspeech间接引语间接引语.“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句

5、的宾语中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：人称一般不需要变化如： Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisago

6、odboy.”Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.Practice:1) He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.” He said _brother had failed in the exam.2) He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?” he asked Mary how _mother was then.3)My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said _was a good student4) He said to

7、 me,“ Ive left her book in your room” He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.hishershehehermyHe says,“Is Tom a student or a teacher？” He asks whether Tom is a student or a teacher.He asked me, Do you like playing football?“ He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.My sister asked me : “ W

8、hat is your friend?”My sister asked me what my friend was.Jack asked me, How do you like the film?Jack asked me how I liked the film.The solider ordered,“Be quiet.” The solider ordered us to be quiet.He said to her,“Open the door, please.”He asked her to open the door.She says,“I will go to Beijing

9、next month.”She says (that) she will go to Beijing the next month.He often says “ I shall tell you about them.” He often tells me that he will tell me about them.记住记住：动词时态的变化动词时态的变化1陈述句陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词时，用连词that引导（引导（that在口语中常省略）在口语中常省略）一般现在时一般现在时Hesaid,“IcandowellinEnglish.

10、”现在进行时现在进行时Hesaid,“Imwritingaletter.”一般将来时一般将来时Tomsaidtome“Iwillcallyoutomorrow”一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时 HesaidthathecoulddowellinEnglish. Hesaidthathewaswritingaletter.Tomtoldmethathewouldcallmethenextday.注注： 如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的时态不变。间接引语时，从句的时态不变。He says, “Im not good at

11、 math. ”Hesaysthatheisnotgoodatmath.注意注意：(1)如果在当天转述如果在当天转述today,yesterday,tomorrow等等时间状语也不必改变时间状语也不必改变。 (2)如果在当地转述，如果在当地转述，here不必改为不必改为there，动词，动词come不必改为不必改为go. (3)当转述客观真理时，直接引语变为间接引语时，当转述客观真理时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：时态不变。如：1.Hesaid,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth. Hesaidthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth. (4)

12、为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，也经常用一般现在时。也经常用一般现在时。Myteachersaid,“Tomisagoodstudent.” MyteachersaidTomisagoodstudent. I I cancan speak three languages. speak three languages.He He saidsaid he he couldcould speak speak three languages.three languages.Whatdidhesay?Whatdidhesay?We are havi

13、ng a party for Lana.What did they say?They said they were having a party for Lana.shewashard-working,I am hard-working. Whatdidshesay?Shesaidshewasnotlazy.Whatdidshesay?ShesaidI am not lazy. he was good at playing basketball.What did he say?He saidIm good at playing basketball.I am good at English.S

14、hesaidshewasgoodatEnglish.Whatdidshesay?Whatdidshesay?I do well in English.ShesaidshedidwellinEnglish.do well inI do well in English.I go to beach every Sunday.What did he say?He said he_.went to beach every SundayWhat did she say?She said she_.would call me tomorrowI will call you tomorrow.“What ar

15、e you doing?”She asked meI was doing.whatwhat“Why do you like English?”He asked meI liked Englishwhywhy“Where does he live?”She asked mehe lived.wherewhere“How does she go to school?”She asked meShe went to school.howhow“Do you know my name?”She asked meI knew her name.Whether / if是否是否When do you ha

16、ve math?( They asked him )They asked himwhenyou have mathyou have math.hadThey asked him when he had math.Summary(总结总结)1.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语Do you have math?( They asked him )They asked himWhether/ifyou have mathyou have math.hadThey asked him whether/if he had math.2.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语一般疑问句直接引

17、语变间接引语将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语:1. Lana said, Im going to have a surprise party for Maria. Lana said that she was going to have a surprise party for Maria.Can you play the piano?( They asked him )They asked himWhether/ifYou can play the pianoyou can play the piano.couldThey asked him whethe

18、r/if he could play the piano. She said to me “ Why are you interested in science?” She asked me _ _ _interested in science.2. He asked him “when will you buy the red coat?” He asked him _ _ _ buy the red coat.3. Shirley asked me “Where were you born?” Shirley asked me _ _ _ born.4. “ Whats wrong wit

19、h you?” Lily asked me. Lily asked me _ _ _ with _.5. The girl asked me “What happened?” The girl asked me _ _.Exercises:why I was when he wouldwhere I waswhat was wrong me what happened 1.“Whereisshefrom?”Heaskedwhereshewasfrom.2.“Howoldarethey?”Heaskedhowoldtheywere.3.“Whatstheweatherliketoday?”Hea

20、skedwhattheweatherwaslikethatday.4.“Howdoyougotoschool?.”Heasked howyouwenttoschool.5.“Whoissinging?”Heasked whowassinging.6.“Whendoyougetup?”HewantedtoknowwhenIgotup.hereover heretonightnowtodayyesterdaytomorrowlast week/month/yearnext week/month/yearagothe day after tomorrowthisthesecomebringthere

21、over therethat nightthenthat daythe day beforethe next daythe week/moth/yearbeforethe next week/month/yearbeforetwo days laterthatthosegotake5、如果是在当天或在原地转达，则上述时间状语、如果是在当天或在原地转达，则上述时间状语 或地点状语一律或地点状语一律2. The teacher said, My students are hard-working. The teacher said that his/ her students were hardw

22、orking.3. Tom told Jane, I will lend my bicycle to you. Tom told Jane that he would lend his bicycle to her/Jane.5.Shesaidtohim,“Itstimetogohome.”4.Mr.Wangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghainextmonth.”Mr. Wang said that he would leave for Shanghai the next month.She told him that it was time to go home.2. 直

23、接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。1）一般疑问句。用）一般疑问句。用whether或或if(是否）是否）引导。引导。主句中的动词是主句中的动词是said时改为时改为asked，没有间接宾，没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语语的，可以加一个间接宾语me/him/her。Eg.Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?”疑问语序疑问语序 Heaskedmewhether/ifIwasastudent.陈述语序2) 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时由直接引语变为间接引语时, 仍用原来

24、的疑仍用原来的疑问词引导问词引导.要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。Eg.“Whereareyougoing?”Fatheraskedhisson.Eg.The policeman asked the small boy, “Where do you live?”Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboywherehelived.Fatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序3. 当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时,间接祈间接祈使句的引述动

25、词使句的引述动词常用常用tell, ask, order, 等等, 而把直接引语的祈使句变成而把直接引语的祈使句变成带带 (not) to的不定式短语的不定式短语。句型：句型：tell/ask/order sb (not)to do sth如如:1 The teacher said to the students, “Stop talking.”老师对学生们说老师对学生们说: “不要讲话了。不要讲话了。”The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老师让学生们不要说话了。老师让学生们不要说话了。2.The teacher said to us,

26、”Dont play in class.The teacher told/asked us not to play in class. 1 The girl said,“I will have a party.”The girl said (that) she would have a party.2 He asked me,“Is your father a doctor?”He asked me if /whether my father was a doctor.3 The police asked the man ,“Where are you going?”The police as

27、ked the man where he was going.4 Mother said to Tom,“get up earlier!”Mother told/asked Tom to get up earlier.5 The teacher said to us,“ Dont talk in class!” The teacher told /asked us not to talk in class.6 The teacher said,“ The moon goes around the earth.”The teacher said(that) the moon goes aroun

28、d the earth.1. “I am good at English ,” Lucy said.2. “Li Lei is reading a book,” Peter said to Lucy.3. “We will have a football match,” he told his mother.Lucy said she was good at English.Peter told Lucy that Li Lei was reading a book.He told his mother they would have a football match .二二.把下列句子变为间

29、接引语。把下列句子变为间接引语。4. “They go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday,” the boy said.The boy said they went to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.5.Sheaskedme,Whydoyouwanttodothis?SheaskedmewhyIwantedtodothat.Summary1当直接引语是陈述句：由当直接引语是陈述句：由( that) 引导引导主语（主语（said) that+句子（时态往过去推句子（时态往过去推 told 2 当直接引语是一般疑问句当直接引语是一般疑问句: 用用 if引导引导 whether