情态动词打印

1、情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词表示推测表示推测不表示推测不表示推测can couldmay mightshall shouldmust will wouldought tohave to dare (darent)need (neednt) used to情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说表示说 话人的情绪话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词态度或语气的动词,但但 不能单独作谓语不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词只能和其他动词 原形构成谓语。原形构成谓语。 must , can/could, may/might 的用法的用法must1.must 表示推测时，表示推测时

2、， 只能用于只能用于肯定句。肯定句。e.g.这个电脑肯定出了问题。这个电脑肯定出了问题。There must be something wrong with the computer.注意：注意：must用于肯定句中可表示用于肯定句中可表示“偏偏偏偏”。 Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter must go and do the opposite. Ex.-You may laugh, but Ive been thinking of becoming a vegetarian. -Oh, you _ be out of you

3、r mind. You will be hungry all the time. A. will B. may C. must D. shouldB2.must +be doing/do 表示对表示对现在的动作现在的动作进行肯定推测进行肯定推测 他现在一定在看小说他现在一定在看小说. .He must be reading novels now.他们买了一辆新车。他们买了一辆新车。 他们一定很有钱他们一定很有钱.They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money.3.must +have done 表示对表示对过去发生的事情过去发

4、生的事情作出的肯定判断作出的肯定判断他们在玩篮球，他们在玩篮球， 他们一定完成了作业。他们一定完成了作业。They are playing basketball, they must have finished their homework. 路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.Ex.1.-Show me your permit, please! -Oh, its not in my pocket. It _. A. might fall out B. could fall

5、out C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen outD2.-I wonder why they are late? -They _ the train. A. cant have missed B. could miss C. must have missed D. might missC3. _I return the book next week? No, you neednt. You can keep it if you like. A. Can B. Must C. May D. Need B对现在或将来情况推测：对现在或将来情况

6、推测： must +动词原形动词原形must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用cant和和can。e.g. He must tell a lie. Can he tell a lie? He cant tell a lie. mustmaymight 可能性依次减弱可能性依次减弱must对过去的推测也只能用于肯定句，译成对过去的推测也只能用于肯定句，译成“一定一定”。否否 定和疑问分别用定和疑问分别用 cant / couldnt have done和和can / could have donee.g. Could /Can it have happened last

7、 night ? It couldnt/cant have happened last night.Ex. 1. We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D. would have not attended2. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comf

8、ortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have beenBDcan, could 和和be able to的用法的用法e.g. She can/be able to sing the song in English. This machine can make you feel comfortable.1.can, be able to都可都可表示表示“能力能力”Can的主语是人或物的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人的主语是人 e.g. Well be able to fin

9、ish the work soon. I havent been able to see the film.2.can只用于现在时和过去时只用于现在时和过去时(could)。 be able to可以用于各种时态。可以用于各种时态。 could用于表示泛指过去的能力。用于表示泛指过去的能力。 e.g. I could read when I was four. Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened.3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只表示特定的某一过去能力或表示

10、成功地做了某事时，只能用能用was/were able to， 不能用不能用could。 e.g. He was able to escape from Europe before the war broke out. He was able to swim before he got tired. 表示过去的能力表示过去的能力Ex.1. Having a blog (博客博客) _ help me make more friends. A. can B. must C. need D. should2.Mary, _ you speak Chinese? Yes, only a little

11、. A. must B. need C. may D. canADcan/could 1. can /could 表示推测时，只能用在表示推测时，只能用在否定句或疑问句中否定句或疑问句中。e.g. Its so late. Can Tom be reading? Can it be Mr. Green?It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill.She couldnt be telling lies.2.can 用在肯定句中，表示抽象的或者理论上的可能性。用在肯定句中，表示抽象的或者理论上的可能性。 eg. Everyone can make mistakes in

12、 his life.Ex. There is someone knocking at the door. _ it be Tom? A. can B. must C. should D. ought toA2. can/could have done 对对过去发生过去发生行为的可能性进行推测行为的可能性进行推测: :I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.The door was locked. 门是锁着的，门是锁着的， 所以她不可能在家。所以她不可能在家。3. could have done “本可以，本来可能已经本可以，本来可能已

13、经”用于用于肯定肯定句句中，表示对中，表示对过去发生的事情过去发生的事情做出的判断做出的判断. . 你本来可以考的更好。你本来可以考的更好。You could have had a better mark.Ex.I stayed at a hotel while in New York? - Oh did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. must have stayed D. would stayAmay/might1.may/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在表示推测时，只能用于陈述句

14、，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。或将来要发生的动作把握不大。They may come here tomorrow.They may be still waiting for us.2.might 可用于可用于指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小。e.g.他也许在做功课吧。他也许在做功课吧。He might be doing his homework now.我问他我是否可以离开。我问他我是否可以离开。I asked him if I might leave.I asked him “May I leave now?”2.might 可用于可用于指过去的行为或者

15、表示可能性更小指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小。e.g.他也许在做功课吧。他也许在做功课吧。He might be doing his homework now.我问他我是否可以离开。我问他我是否可以离开。I asked him if I might leave.3.might/may have done,表示对表示对过去发生的动作过去发生的动作进行可能进行可能性推测。性推测。 他可能去医务室了。他可能去医务室了。He may have gone to the clinic. 他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。He might have read about t

16、he news in the newspaper.4）may 表示许可，表示允许别人做某事，表示许可，表示允许别人做某事， 也可征求对也可征求对方的许可。方的许可。 May I open the door? We may keep the book for two weeks.5） 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!May you have a nice trip! Ex. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might

17、B. should C. can D. willA表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法. .肯定的推测肯定的推测可能的推测可能的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测must 对将来对将来 对现在对现在 对过去对过去情态动词情态动词may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常见常见must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V

18、. + have done + be doingWill /Would you do? (表请求表请求would 更委婉更委婉) 表意志，愿望，决心表意志，愿望，决心would表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向表示表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向表示“总是总是,总要总要”used to表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯） “过去常常过去常常”used to 可于状态动词连用可于状态动词连用would不可以不可以e.g. He used to be a quiet boy. () He would be a quiet boy. ( )will/wouldEx. When

19、he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. mightA shall/should 1.shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。 e.g.1)You shall go with me.(命令命令) 2)You shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺允诺) 3)He shall be pu

20、nished.(威胁威胁) 2. shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。方的意见和向对方请示。 e.g.4)Shall we begin our class?（征求意见）（征求意见） 5)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(请示请示)Ex.Whats the name of the book? Khulaifi. _ I spell it for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. MightAe.g. It is three ocloc

21、k, the football game should begin now. Mary took dancing lessons for years, she should be an excellent dancer.2. should 用于表达合理推断法用于表达合理推断法注意：注意：should可表示可表示“居然，竟然居然，竟然”。e.g.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。 I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.3.用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务

22、，多用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。用于第三人称中。e.g. Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.3. should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近，意义相近，但但ought to多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用常用should代替代替ought to。e.g. You should/ought to ha

23、ve told her the truth earlier. She shouldnt have left without saying a word.4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评表示责备或批评,意为意为“本应本应该做到该做到但没有做到但没有做到”,用于否定则表示用于否定则表示“本不该本不该但但”ought to的语气更强烈的语气更强烈.Ex.1.What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _ be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shallA2. -

24、 Im sorry. I _at you the other day. - Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shoutedB3. Its nearly eight oclock. Mike _ be here at any moment. A. need B. has to C. should D. canCmust 和和have to1.must用于一般问句中用于一般问句中,肯定回答用肯

25、定回答用must否定式用否定式用 neednt或或dont have to，做，做 “不必不必”,mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许” e.g. Must I finish all assignments at a time? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. You mustnt get off while the car is still moving. e.g. I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.2

26、.表示表示“必须必须”这个意思时，这个意思时，must 和和have to 稍有区别。稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，着重说明主观看法，have to 强调客观需要。另外，强调客观需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。能用于更多时态。 You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to2. When I was young, I was told that I _ play with fire. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D.

27、darent3. - May I smoke here ? - If you _, choose a seat in the smoking area. A. should B. could C. may D. mustDCDneed /darea. need 表需要和必须常用于否定句和疑问句表需要和必须常用于否定句和疑问句,neednt have done “本不必做本不必做”b. dare 表敢表敢,常用于否定句常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。疑问句和条件句中。c. dare与与need 用做实意动词时有时态，人称和数的变化用做实意动词时有时态，人称和数的变化,但但dare用于否定句和疑问

28、句时常接不带用于否定句和疑问句时常接不带to的不定式的不定式,need后后要接带要接带to的不定式。的不定式。 Ex. - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. - Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done(一一)关于情景交际中的答语问题关于情景交际中的答语问题1.Could I borrow your dictionary?(委婉委婉) Yes，you can/m

29、ay. Sure. Go ahead. 2.May I take this seat?(第一人称疑问句第一人称疑问句) Yes, you may. No, you mustnt.3. must用于一般问句中用于一般问句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must否定式用否定式用 neednt或或dont have to，做，做 “不必不必”, mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许” e.g. Must I finish all assignments at a time? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. 情态动词常考点分析情态动词常考点分析（二）关于（二）关于mus

30、t 的反意疑问句的反意疑问句1.Judging from his accident, he must be from the south,2.Tom bought a lot of apples. He must like eating apples,3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off. They must be sleeping now,isnt, he? didnt he?arent they?因因must后是实意后是实意动词动词like因因must后是系动词后是系动词 be must后接的是后接的是be sleepi

31、ng，是对正在进行的情况推测是对正在进行的情况推测1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term,hadnt we?3.He must have gone to Beijing,didnt it?hasnt he? 若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去完成时完成反意疑问句完成时完成反意疑问句若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句完成反意疑问句若句中不含任何时间状语，若句中不含任何时间状语， 用现在完成时用现在完成时完成反意疑问句完成反

32、意疑问句2.It must have rained last night, for the road was very muddy，1.must +have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为表示对过去已经发生的行为 进行推测，意为进行推测，意为“想必想必/准是准是/一定作了某事一定作了某事”。It must have rained last night, for the road was very muddy.昨晚昨晚 一定是下雨了，一定是下雨了， 因为地上很泥泞因为地上很泥泞 2.can/could+have done表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定，表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在

33、否定句和疑问句中。通常用在否定句和疑问句中。1). Can they have won the basketball match?他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？2). It couldnt have been Mr. Green. He has gone to New York.那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。3.may/might+have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为意为“也许也许/或许已经或许已经”。一般只用于肯定句和否定句中，。一般只用于肯定句和否定句中，不用与疑问句。不用与疑问句。mig

34、ht比比may更委婉、含蓄和不肯定。更委婉、含蓄和不肯定。 1. Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed.太晚了，我想他可能已经睡觉了。太晚了，我想他可能已经睡觉了。2. He may/might not have finished the work.他可能没有完成工作。他可能没有完成工作。4.could(不用不用can)+have done,在肯定句中表示在肯定句中表示“本来能本来能够够而没能而没能”，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。I could have passed my exam easily, but I m

35、ade too many stupid mistakes. 我本来能够轻易通过考试。我本来能够轻易通过考试。5.should/ought to+have done用于肯定句时，表示用于肯定句时，表示“本该本该做做 某事而实际上没做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做不该做的的 事反而做了事反而做了”。1.You should have told him a week ago.你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。2.You ought not to have taken the magazine out of the reading room

36、.他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。6.neednt +have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。表示做了本来不必去做的事。1.She neednt have gone to the station yesterday.昨天她本不必到火车站去的昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）（昨天她去了）2.You neednt have bought it.你本可不必买它的。你本可不必买它的。 （你买了）（你买了）7.might（不用（不用may）+have done表示表示“本来可能本来可能”，但，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来

37、应该或可以本来应该或可以做某事做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1.You might not have told her.你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）2. You might have come earlier.你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样） 巩固练习题巩固练习题1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2.

38、 Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have beenB D B 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could C 6. My

39、MP4 isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it？ A. can B. must C. should D. would 7. You _ the exam, but you spent all your time playing. A. can pass B. could have passed C. could pass D. can have passed8. - Im sorry. I _at you the other day. - Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt sh

40、out B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shoutedABB9. - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might10. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. needntCA11. That _be Anns husband, for I am sure that he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. may not C. mustnt D. neednt 12. - Good morning. I got an appointment with Miss Smith yesterday