物理专业常用英语词汇

1、adjustment 调节amplitude 振幅astigmatoscope 散光镜物理：absolute acceleration 绝 对加速度aether 以太angle of rotation自转角，转动角atomic nucleus 原子核air pump 抽气机atomic physics 原子物理学absolute error 绝对误差air table 气垫桌angular acceleration角加速atomic spectrum原子光谱absolute motion绝对运动air track 气垫导轨度atomic structure原子结构absolute temper

2、ature 绝对alternating current circuitangular displacement 角 位移atom 原子温度absolute velocity绝对速度交流电路alternatingcurrentangular velocity 角速度Atwood ' s machine 阿特伍德机absolute zero 绝对零度absorption 吸收absorptivity吸收率acceleratedmotion加 速 运动generator 交流发电机alternating current交流电altimeter 测高仪ammeter 安培计amperemete

3、r 电流计anion 负离子anisotropy 各向异性annihilation 湮没anode 阳极antenna 天线average power 平均功率average velocity平均速度Avogadro constant 阿 伏 加德罗常数Avogadro law 阿伏加德罗定acceleration of gravity重力加速度ampere 安培applied physics 应用物理学Archimedes principle阿 基律balance 天平acceleration 加速度Ampere's experiment 安 培实验米德原理ballistic gal

4、vanometer 冲击accidental error 偶然误差acoustics 声学Ampere's force 安培力Ampere's law 安培定律area 面积argumentation 论证电流计band spectrum 带状谱argument 辐角barometer 气压计acting force 作用力amperemeter 安培计basic quantity基本量calorifics 热学chain reaction链式反应滑动摩擦系数basic units基本单位camera 照相机chaos 混沌coefficient 系数battery charg

5、er电池充电器capacitance 电容characteristicspectrum 特coherent light 相干光源battery,accumulator蓄电池capacitor 电容器征光谱coil 线圈battery 电池组capillarity 毛细现象charged body带电体collision 碰撞beam 光束cathode ray 阴极射线charged particle带电粒子component force分力betatron 电子感应加速器cathode-ray tube 阴极射线charge 充电component velocity分速度Bohr atom

6、model 玻尔原子模型管cathode 阴极circular hole孔衍射diffraction 圆composition of forces合成力的boiling point沸点cation 正离子circular motion圆周运动composition of velocities速boiling 沸腾bounce 反弹cell 电池Celsius scale 摄氏温标classical mechanics 经典力学度的合成compression 压缩bound charge束缚电荷centre of gravity重心classical physics经典物理学concave le

7、ns 凹透镜bound electron束缚电子centre of mass 质心cloud chamber云室concave mirror 凹面镜coefficient of maximumconcurrent force 共点力breakdown击穿centripetal acceleration向brightness亮度心加速度centripetal force 向心力buoyancy force 浮力数condensation凝结coefficientof restitution恢condenser电容器复系数conductingmedium导电介branch circuit支路cen

8、trifugal force离心力static friction最大静摩摩系coefficient of sliding frictionconstant force 恒力crest 波峰definition of ampere安培的direct measurement直接测constant 常量定义量critical angle 临界角continuous spectrum 连 续defocusing 散集discharge 放电critical resistance 临界电阻conductor 导体Coulomb's law 库仑定律Daniell cell 丹聂耳电池diode

9、二级管conservative forcefield 保counter计数器守力场creation产生conservative force保守力creepage漏电data processing 数据处理diopter 屈光度data 数据direct current, DC 直流decay 衰变direct impact 正碰谱density 密度disorder 无序critical temperature 临界温convergent lens 会聚透镜度derived quantity导出量dispersion 色散convex lens 凸透镜crystal 晶体derived uni

10、t 导出单位displacement 位移convex mirror 凸面镜current density电流密度dielectric 电介质divergent lens 发散透镜coordinate system 坐标系current element电流元diffraction pattern衍射图样Doppler effect多普勒效应coplanar force共面力current source电流源diffraction衍射double slitdiffraction双缝Corolis force科里奥利力current strength电流强度diffuse reflection漫反

11、射衍射corpuscularproperty 粒 子curvilinear motion曲线运动digital timer数字计时器driving force驱动力性cyclotron 回旋加速器dimensionalexponent 量纲dry cell 干电池corpuscular theory微粒说damped vibration阻尼振动指数echo 回声Coulomb force库仑力dimension量纲eddy current涡流damping 阻尼coulomb 库仑effective value有效值electric potential energy电spectrum 电磁波谱

12、elementarycharge基本电elastic body弹性体位能electromagnetism荷，元电荷elastic force弹性力electric power 电功率induction phenomenon电energy 能量electric quantity电量磁感应现象energy level能级elasticity 弹性electromagnet 电磁体electrification 起电equilibrium平衡electric charge电荷electrification by friction摩electrometer静电计equilibriumcondition

13、 平 衡electric circuit电路擦起电electromotive force电动势条件electric corona电晕electrified body 带电体electron 电子equilibrium of forces力的平electric energy电能electrode 电极electron beam电子束衡electric field电场electrolysis 电解electron cloud电子云equilibriumposition 平衡位electric fieldintensity 电场置electrolyte 电解质electron microscope

14、电子显电子显强度equilibrium state平衡态微镜electromagneticdampingelectric field line电场线电磁阻尼electron volt电子伏特equivalentsource theoremelectric flux 电通量电通量等效电源定理electromagneticinductionelectroscope验电器electric leakage漏电电磁感应electrostaticequilibrium静erect image正像electric neutrality电中性electromagneticradiation电平衡error 误

15、差electric potential电位，电势电磁辐射electrostaticinduction静电ether 以太electric potential differenceelectromagnetic wave电磁感应evaporation蒸发电位差，电势差波electrostatic screening静电excitation激发electromagneticwave屏蔽excitation state 激发态fixed-axis rotation 定轴转动general physics 普通物理学humidity 湿度experiment 实验flotation balance 浮

16、力秤generator 发电机hydrogen 氢原子experimental physics 实 验 fluid 流体 物理学focal length 焦距external force 外力focusing 调焦，聚焦eyepiece 目镜focus 焦点good conductor 良导体hypothesis假设gravitation 引力ice point冰点gravity 重力ideal gas理想气体gravitationalpotentialimage 像far sight 远视force 力energy 重力势能image distance 像距Faraday cylinder

17、法拉第圆筒forced vibration 受迫振动gravity field 重力场image height 像高Faradaylawoffractal 分形electromagneticinduction法拉第电磁感应定律free charge自由电荷Faraday'slawoffree electron自由电子electromagneticinduct法free period自由周期拉第电磁感应定律freezing point凝固点farad 法拉 （电容的单位）frequency 频率film interference薄膜干涉friction force摩擦力final vel

18、ocity 末速度fusion 聚变 ground earth 接地imaging 成像ground state 基态imperfect inelastic collisionground wire 地线非完全弹性碰撞hadron 强子impulse 冲量half life period 半衰期incident angle 入射角heat 热incident ray 入射线heat transfer 传热indirect measurement 间接测量henry 亨利first cosmic velocity 第一宇galvanometer 电流计宙速度induced electric cu

19、rrent 感hertz 赫兹 （频率的单位）应电流Hooke law 胡克定律gas 气体fission 裂变induced electric field感应电过程laser 激光，激光器induction current 感应电流insulating medium 绝缘介质isobaric process 等压过程law 定律insulator 绝缘体intensity of sound 声强interference 干涉interference fringe 干涉条纹interference pattern 干涉图样interferometer 干涉仪internal energy 内能

20、internal force 内力internal resistance 内阻intonation 声调inverted image 倒像invisible light 不可见光ion beam 离子束ionization 电离irreversible process 不可逆induction electromotiveforce 感应电动势induction motor 感应电动机inertia 惯性inertial force 惯性力inertial system 惯性系infrared ray红外线infrasonic wave 次声波initial phase初位相initial ve

21、locity 初速度input 输入instantaneous power 瞬 时功率instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度instrument 仪器insulated conductor 绝缘导isobar 等压线isochoric process 等体积过程isothermal 等温线isothermal process 等 温 过程isotope 同位素isotropy 各向同性joule 焦耳（功的单位）Joule heat 焦耳热Joule law 焦耳定律Joule' law 焦耳定律Kepler law 开普勒定律kinematics 运动学kinetic

22、 energy 动能Laplace's equation 拉普拉斯方程law of conservation of angular momentum 角动量 守恒定律law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律law of conservation of mass 质量守恒定律law ofconservationofmechanicalenergy 机械能守恒定律law ofconservationofmomentum 动量守恒定律law of electric charge conservation 电荷守恒定律Le Syst （me Internatio

23、nal d' Unit s国际单位制（SI）lead 导线length 长度lens 透镜lens formula 透镜公式luminous intensity 发光强度magnifier 放大镜，放大器medium 介质Lenz's law 楞次定律magnetic field 磁场manometer 流体压强计melting fusion 熔化melting point 熔点lepton 轻子magnetic field intensity 磁 mass 质量Light ray 光线场强度mass defect质量亏损metre rule米尺magnetic field l

24、ine磁场线light source 光源mass-energy equation质能microdetector灵敏电流计magnetic inductionflux 磁方程light wave 光波micrometercaliper 螺 旋 测感应通量matter 物质微器lightning rod 避雷针magnetic induction磁感应matter wave物质波microscope显微镜light 光强度Maxwell's equations 麦克斯microscopicparticle 微观粒line spectrum 线状谱magnetic inductionlin

25、e 磁韦方程组子感应线lines of current电流线mean speed平均速率mirror reflection镜面反射magnetic material磁性材料lines of force of electric fieldmean velocity平均速度mirror 镜电线magnetic needle 磁针measurement测量mixed unit system混合单位liquefaction 液化magnetic pole 磁极制mechanical energy 机械能liquefaction point 液化点magnetics 磁学modern physics 现

26、代物理学mechanical motion 机 械 运liquid 液体magnetism 磁学动molar volume摩尔体积longitudinal wave纵波gmagnetization 磁化mechanical vibration 机 械molecularspectrum 分子光loop 回路magnet 磁体振动谱Lorentz force 洛仑兹magnification 放大率mechanics 学molecularstructure 分子结特实验光疏介质moment of force力矩newton 牛顿（力的单位）ohm 欧姆optics 光学momentumofNewt

27、on first law牛顿第一定electromagneticfield 电 磁律Ohm law 欧姆定律orbit 轨道场的动量Newton second law牛顿第ohmmeter欧姆计order 有序momentum 动量二定律Ohm's law欧姆定律oscillograph示波器motor 电动机Newton third law 牛顿第三open circuit开路output 输出定律multimeter 多用电表optical bench光具座overweight超重nonequilibrium state非平衡musical quality音色态optical ce

28、ntre of lens透镜光parallelconnectionofN pole 北极north pole 北极心condensers电容器的并联natural frequency固有频率optical fiber光导纤维parallelogramrule平行四边nucleus force 核力形定律natural light自然光nucleus of condensation凝optical glass光学玻璃parallel-resonancecircuitnegative charge负电荷结核optical instrument光学仪器并联谐振电路negative crystal负晶

29、体object 物optical lever光杠杆parameter参量negative ion负离子object distance 物距optical path difference光程particle 质点，粒子差negative plate负极板object height 物高optical path光程 （路 ）Pascal law帕斯卡定律network 网络objective 物镜path 路程optically denser medium光neutralization中和observation 观察密介质peak 峰值neutron 中子Oersted's experim

30、ent 奥 斯optically thinner mediumperfect conductor理想导体photography 照相术positron 正电子quantum mechanics 量子力perfect elastic collision完全photon 光子potential energy势能学弹性碰撞physical balance 物理天平potentiometer 电位差计quantum number量子数perfect inelastic collision完physical quantity物理量power 功率radar 雷达全非弹性碰撞physics 物理学pres

31、sure 压强，压力radioactive source放射源periodicity 周期性piezometer 压强计primary coil 原线圈radius of gyration回旋半径period 周期pitch 音调principle of constancy ofrandom motion无规则运动periscope 潜望镜Planck constant 普朗克常量light velocity 光速不变原理range 量程permanent magnet永磁体plasma 等离子体prism 棱镜rated voltage 额定电压permittivity of vacuum介

32、电常数真空point charge 点电荷projectile 抛体reacting force 反作用力permittivity 电容率polarization 偏振projectile motion抛体运动real image 实像phase 位相polarized light 偏振光projector 投影仪real object 实物phenomenon 现象polycrystal 多晶体proton 质子reasoning 推理photocurrent 光电流poor conductor 不良导体pulley 滑轮recoil 反冲photoelectric cell光电管posit

33、ive charge 正电荷pulley block 滑轮组rectilinear motion直线运动photoelectric effect光电效positive crystal 正晶体quantity of heat热量reference frame参考系，坐pendulum 摆positive ion 正离子quantization 量子化penumbra 半影photoelectron 光电子positive plate 正极板quantum 量子reference system参考系resistance 电阻rotating magnetic field旋转self-inducti

34、onphenomenonreflected angle 反射角reflected ray 反射线reflection coefficient 反射系数reflection law 反射定律reflectivity 反射率resistance box 电阻箱resistivity 电阻率resistor 电阻器resolution of force力的分解resolution of velocity速度的分解磁场rotation 自转，转动Rutherford scattering 卢 瑟福散射Rutherforda-particlescattering experiment 卢瑟福a散射实验自

35、感系数semiconductor 半导体semi-transparentfilm 半透膜sensitive galvanometer 灵敏电流计sensitivity 灵敏度refracted angle 折射角resonance 共振，共鸣S pole 南极sensitometer感光计refracted ray 折射线refraction law 折射定律refraction coefficient折射系数refractive index 折射率relative acceleration 相对加速度relative error 相对误差resonant frequency 共振频率resu

36、ltant force 合力resultant velocity合速度reversibility of optical path光路可逆性reversible process可逆过程rheostat 变阻器saturation 饱和scalar 标量scalar field 标量场scanner 扫描器second cosmic velocity第二宇宙速度selective absorption 选择吸收sensor 传感器seriesconnectionofcondensers 电容器的串联series-resonancecircuit 串联谐振电路short circuit 短路shor

37、t sight 近视shunt resistor 分流电阻relative motion相对运动relative velocity相对速度right-hand screw rule 右手螺旋定则self-induced electromotiveforce 自感电动势significant figure有效数字标系relativity 相对论rocker 火箭self-inductance 自感simple harmonicmotionsolution 溶液spectrography摄谱学steady current 恒定电流(SHM) 简谐运动solvation 溶解spectroscopy

38、光谱学steady current source 恒流simple harmonic wave简谐源sonar 声纳spectrum 光谱波sound source 声源speed 速率steady voltage source 恒压simple pendulum单摆sound velocity 声速spherical mirror球面镜源single crystal ( monocrystal )steam point 汽点单晶体sound wave 声波spontaneousradiation自发stiffness 劲度系数辐射single slit diffraction单缝衍射soun

39、d 声音spring balance弹簧秤stimulated radiation 受激辐source 电源射sinusoidalalternatingsouth pole 南极stability 稳定性stop watch 停表current 简谐交流电stabilized current supply稳space 空间sublimation 升华sinusoidal current 正弦式电流电源流spark discharge 火花放电superconductivity超导电stabilized voltage supply稳sliding friction滑动摩擦special rel

40、ativity狭义相对论压电源性slit 狭缝specific heat capacity 比热standardatmosphericsuperconductor 超导体容pressure 标准大气压superpositionprinciple ofsolar cell 太阳能电池spectacles 眼镜standard cell标准电池electric field 电场强度叠加原solenoid 螺线管spectral analysis 光谱分析standing wave驻波理solidification 凝固superposition theorem叠加spectral line 光谱线

41、static friction静摩擦定律solidifying point凝固点spectrograph 摄谱仪stationary state定态supersaturation 过度饱和solid 固体supersonic speed超声速theorem of momentum 动third cosmic velocity第三宇trough 波谷量定理宙速度supersonic wave 超声波theoretical physics理论物理three-phasealternatingtuning fork 音叉supply transformer 电 源 变学current 三相交变电流turbulent flow 湍流压器theory 理论time 时间ultrasound wave超声波surface resistance表面电阻thermal capacity 热容量timer 定时器，计时器ultraviolet ray紫外线switch 开关thermal equilibrium热平衡torsion balance 扭秤umbra 本影system of con