各类翻译词汇

1、1. 教育类ability 能力academy（高等）专科院校，学会assignment作业，任务architecture建筑学assume假设accent口音acquire获得；学到authority权威，当局bilingual双语的behavior行为bachelor学士，学士学位course课程compulsory必修的catalog目录，编目discipline纪律deduction演绎，推论economics经济学entitle给权利，给资格graduate毕业，毕业生grant授予intellect智力academic 学术的，学院的attend参加（会议），上（学，课）astro

2、nomy天文学angle角，角度abroad在国外accomplish完成，实行approve赞成，同意，批准award授予，奖品，奖金botany植物学bias偏见campus校园credit学分calculator计算器degree学位divide分割，除以evaluation评估expel开初，赶出faculty技能，系，学科，学院，全体教员geography地理学ignorant无知的interact互相作用，互相影响lecture演讲laboratory实验室monitor班长moral道德，道德的principal首要的，（大学）校长politics政治学psychology心理学

3、plus加semester学期sociology社会学statistics统计，统计学tutor导师，教员the Students Union学生会volume体积library图书馆literature文学mathematics数学optional可以任选的physics物理学philosophy哲学percentage百分比，百分率register登记，注册science科学square正方形的seminar研讨会tuition学费undergraduate大学毕业生2. 电子科技类accessory附件 apply应用aviation航空工业adapt适应battery电池（组）crea

4、te创造contrive设计发明device设备devise发明创造emit发射（光，热，声波，气味等）electron电子globe全球innovation创新invent发明increase增加landfill垃圾掩埋坑memory记忆manufacture制造，加工originality独创性orbit轨道，（绕）作轨道运行patent专利的，专利权automatic自动的advanced先进的approach方法，途径applicable可应用的，适当的cable电缆creative有创造力的cabinet公文柜，小储藏箱decipher解码decrease降低evolution发展进

5、化fax传真gear齿轮，传动装置impact冲击investigate调查insignificant无意义的monitor监控model型号network网络optics（单、复数同行）光学portable可携带的profit利润收益propose提议portable手提式的recycle再利用spray喷射（农药等）technology技术transform改变，使变性质，变样子transmit传播，传递universe宇宙vacuum真空weld焊接plastic塑料radiation辐射significant意义重大的semiconductor半导体target目标theory理论ul

6、timate极端的，极端utility功用，效用vertical垂直的3. 能源类animal dung as fuel动物粪便作燃料biogas沼气biomass energy生物质能coal煤consume消耗，耗尽energy resources能源资源energy processes能源过程electric power plants发电厂energy conservation能源保护energy efficiency能源效率energy production能源生产energy utilization patterns能源利用方式fuel alcohol燃料酒精fertilizer肥料

7、germ微生物，细菌hydroelectric power水力发电natural gas天然气non-polluting energy sources无污染能源nuclear fuels核燃料nuclear energy uses核能利用offshore oil drilling近海石油钻探alcohol含酒精的饮料，酒精biomass生物量charcoal木炭crude oil原油destructive破坏性的enriched uranium浓缩铀electric power电力electric storage devices蓄电装置energy conversion能源转换energy p

8、olicy能源政策energy use能源利用fossil fuels矿物燃料fuel wood薪柴gas liquefaction气体液化gasoline汽油lighting照明non-renewable energy resources不可nuclear energy核能natural gas exploration天然气勘探nuclear power plants核电站oils油类oil exploration 石油勘探radiation放射物，辐射refuse derived fuels从废物中提取的燃料solar heating日照加热tidal energy潮汐能wave ener

9、gy波浪能petrol汽油renewable energy sources可再生能源solar energy太阳能volcano火山wind energy风能4. 医学类acid酸，酸性物质bacteria细菌fatigue疲劳，劳累gene基因infant婴儿male男性的，雄的prescribe开处方restrain阻止，抑制severe严重的transplant移植virus病毒vital重要的，致命的appetite胃口，欲望facility（pl.）设备，设施female女性的，雌的infect感染laser激光organ器官remedy补救，医治，治疗surgeon外科医生sexu

10、al性的，有性别的vessel船舶，容器，血管voluntary自愿的5. 交通类brake刹车，刹住（车）route路线，航线shuttle梭子，航天飞机transport运输victim受害者wagon四轮马车，铁路货车coach教练，长途公共汽车subway地铁transfer换乘转车vacant空的，未占用的vehicle交通工具，车辆6. 社会问题类alleviate减轻adopt收养，采用apartment公寓accuse of指控abuse滥用，虐待acknowledge承认，致谢bulb灯泡budget预算compile编辑colleague同事convict证明有罪campa

11、ign活动community社区，社会digest消化descendant后代deprive剥夺ethnic民族的，种族的furniture家具feminist女权主义issue出版，发行/（杂志的）期isolation隔离abandon离弃adapt适应，改编appetite口味accommodation膳宿appeal呼吁，恳求appoint任命，委派barrier障碍，栅栏costume服饰carpet地毯capitalism资本主义communism共产主义collision碰撞，冲突decoration装饰品divorce离婚defend为辩护discriminate歧视flat公寓

12、feudalism封建制度gymnasium体育馆immigrant移民impose (on)把强加judge法官，判断motivation动机nourish滋养，使强壮ornament装饰品，装饰obscure 阴暗，模糊offend冒犯，触犯racial种族的sandal凉鞋skyscraper摩天大楼sake缘故，理由trap陷阱，圈套torture拷打，折磨terror恐怖volume卷，册voyage航海，航行virus病毒verdict裁定witness证人wander漫游，闲逛mattress床垫nutrition营养，营养学necessity必需品，必要性oblige迫使off

13、ence犯规，犯法rack搁架revenue收入suburb郊区sin罪scandal丑事，丑闻temple庙宇tidy整洁的urban城市的vacuum真空（吸尘器）vehicle交通工具violence暴力wardrobe衣橱wax蜡welfare福利7.商业类agriculture农业assemble装配administrator管理人association协会，联合agenda议程bankrupt倒闭ban取缔，禁止contract合同commerce商业component零部件customer消费者charge费用cargo（船、飞机等装载的）货物dumping倾销discount（

14、价格）折扣entrepreneur企业家expenditure支出，消费expansion扩大，发展fund资金installment分期付款investment投资appoint任命advertisement广告accountant会计师apply申请agent代理商，动因bilateral双边的bargain便宜货，讨价还价corporation团，公司，企业commodity商品cosmetic化妆品customs关税consultant顾问debt债dismiss解雇deposit存款，定金expend消费expense开销，费用export出口，输出insurance保险，保险业im

15、pact影响力investigate调查import进口，输入magnify放大opponent对手property所有物prospect前景rival竞争对手registration登记注册retail零售security保安，安全tourism旅游业tax税venture风险投资merchandise商品货物总称motivation动力purchase购买promotion广告宣传，晋升profitable有利可图的receipt收据，收条resume简历staff全体职工stimulate刺激，激励transaction交易utensil用具valid有效的8. 大气温度类atmosph

16、ere大气air quality空气质量atmospheric components大气成分carbon dioxide二氧化碳oxygen氧气air-water interaction空气-水相互作用atmospheric precipitation大气降水evaporation蒸发作用rainfall降雨transpiration蒸腾作用air pollution空气污染air pollutants空气污染物fly ash飞灰haze薄烟smog烟雾agrometeorology农业气象学climatic change气候变化drought干旱greenhouse effect温室效应mi

17、croclimate effects微气候影响atmospheric composition大气组成atmospheric chemistry大气化学atmospheric particulates大气颗粒物greenhouse gases温室气体ozone layer臭氧层atmospheric circulation大气环流carbon cycle碳循环precipitation enhancement降水增加solar radiation太阳辐射winds风acid rain酸雨chlorofluorocarbons氯氟碳（CFC）fog雾indoor air pollution室内空气

18、污染climatic issues气候问题climate气候climatic zones气候带global warming全球变暖humidity湿度sea level rise海平面上升weather modification人工影响天气solid earth固态地球seismic activity地震活动volcanoes火山9.土地资源类soils土壤contaminated land污染的土地gravel pits沙坑land carrying capacity土地承载能力land reclamation土地开垦land use classification土地使用分类sand ext

19、raction沙石开采soil capabilities土地潜力soil contamination土地污染soil erosion土地侵蚀water erosion水蚀arid lands干旱土地drought control抗旱sand dune fixation山丘固定land values土地价值agricultural production农业生产crop protection作物保护lithosphere岩石圈caves洞穴seismic monitoring地震监测wind erosion风蚀agricultural land农用土地contaminated soil污染的土壤h

20、eath land荒地land pollution土地污染land restoration土地恢复marginal lands边缘土地sedimentation沉积soil conservation土壤保持soil degradation土壤退化soil improvement土壤改良arid land ecosystems干旱地区生态系统desertification沙漠化dry farming旱作sand dunes沙丘agricultural pests农业害虫biological control of pests害虫的生物控制infestation of crops作物虫害传染infe

21、station of food粮食虫害传染irrigation canals灌溉渠herbicides除草剂10. 生态环境类semi-arid land ecosystems半干旱地区生态系统forest ecosystems森林生态系统coniferous针叶林forest conversation森林保护grass fires草地火灾indigenous forests本地森林sub-tropical ecosystems亚热带生态系统temperate woodlands温带林地tropical forests热带森林woodland ecosystems林地生态系统temperate

22、 ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统 Antarctic ecosystems 南极生态系统Arctic ecosystems 北极生态系统cold zone ecosystems 寒带生态系统polar ecosystems 极地生态系统mountain ecosystems 山地生态系统mountaineering登山运动irrigation灌溉natural fertilizers天然肥料pesticides杀虫剂afforestation植树造林deforestation森林砍伐forest fires森林火灾greenbe

23、lts绿化带reafforestation再造林temperate forests温带森林tropical ecosystems热带生态系统tropical forest ecosystems热带森林生态系统Antarctic region南极地区Arctic region北极地区grassland ecosystems草地生态系统temperate ecosystems温带生态系统highland ecosystems高原生态系统wetland ecosystems湿地生态系统waterlogged lands水涝地11.生物类biological diversity and protect

24、ed areas生物多样性和保护区adaptable species适应性强的物种amphibians两栖动物animal resources动物资源biological resources生物资源birds鸟类conservation of genetic resources基因资源保护ecological balance生态平衡endangered plant species濒危植物物种hunting捕猎mammals哺乳动物microorganisms微生物national reserves国家保护区primates灵长类protected species受保护的物种weeds杂草wil

25、dlife conversation野生生物保护bacteria细菌gene banks基因库viruses病毒biotechnological issues生物技术问题forest management森林管理algae 藻类animal behavior动物习性biological diversity生物多样性biosphere reserves生物保护区botanical gardens植物园endangered animal species濒危动物物种food chain食物链land mammals陆地哺乳动物marine conservation areas海洋保护区nationa

26、l parks国家公园poaching偷猎protected areas保护区vegetation植被wildlife野生生物wildlife habitats野生生物生境fungi真菌microbial resources微生物资源yeasts酵母agricultural biotechnologies农业生物技术biosafety生物安全cloning 无性繁殖health-related biotechnologies与健康有关的生物技术reproductive manipulation繁殖控制recombinant DNA technology重组基因技术selective breed

27、ing of animals动物的选择性繁殖selective breeding of plants植物的选择性繁殖animal diseases动物疾病12.水资源类socio-economic impact of biotechnologies社会经济对生物技术的影响freshwater淡水conservation of freshwater淡水保护lakes湖泊river basin development河流流域开发waterside development水边开发snow雪surface waters地表水water resources development水资源开发lake ba

28、sins湖泊流域freshwater degradation淡水恶化run-off径流water pollution水污染drinking water supply饮用水供应biotechnologies生物技术freshwater resources 淡水资源ice冰natural drainage systems自然排水系统watershed management流域管理rivers河流subterranean water地下水water resources conservation水资源保护freshwater ecosystems淡水生态系统river basins河流流域river

29、pollution河流污染seepage渗漏water salination水的盐化drinking water饮用水drinking water treatment饮用水处理sewage treatment plants污水处理厂water treatment水处理sea bed exploitation海地开发marine environment海洋环境marine pollution海洋污染ocean currents洋流ocean temperature海洋温度sea level海平面coastal areas沿海地区coastal environments沿海环境small isla

30、nds小岛屿fish鱼类fisheries management渔业管理shellfish水生贝类动物resources management资源管理13.其他词汇mineral resources矿产资源national conservation programs国家保护计划natural conversation自然保护non-renewable resources不可再生资源petroleum resources conservation石油资源保护rural water supply农村供水water pumps水泵water wells水井sea bed mining海底采矿mari

31、ne ecosystems海洋生态系统ocean circulation海洋环境oceans海洋red tide赤潮tides潮，潮汐coastal development沿海开发coastal erosion海岸侵蚀living marine resources海洋生物资源fish culture鱼类养殖marine resources conservation海洋资源保护environmental management环境管理natural resources自然资源net resource depletion资源净损耗renewableresources可再生资源resource conservation资源保护utilization of local resources本地资源的利用development cooperation发展合作ecodevelopment生态发展economic planning经济计划environmental health impact assessment环境健康影响评价environmental impact环境影响environmental impact assessm