大学必备词汇单词

1、1. Education培养cultivate 促进学生身心发展promote the student's physical and emotional development心理健康psychological soundness学习能力（先天）aptitude 学习能力（后天）skill 学校教育schooling 家庭教育parenting 给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth.青少年adolescents 传授知识impart knowledge灌输高尚的道德观 (注意这里value是复数，表示价值观）instill high

2、moral values给学生以灵感give the students inspiration教学法teaching methodology适应adapt to sth.适应能力adaptability 学生对老师所教知识的掌握students' grasp of what has been taught就业技能employable skills填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器。Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas

3、.死记硬背learn things by rote为了记忆而记忆memorise for memorisation's own sake责任感a sense of responsibility记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律memorise equations, formulas, theorems and laws应用apply 盲从follow sth. indiscriminately限制创造力的发展extinguish creativity打击学生的积极性dampen the students' enthusiasm frustrate the students产生不必要的

4、压力beget undue pressure塑造某人的性格(mould是英式拼写）mould one's character 把学生分开教育segregate students来自其他同学的压力peer pressure逆境adverse circumstances团队精神team spirit独立思考think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage the students to think critically学生的反馈students' feedback

5、学生评价老师的教学students evaluate their teachers' performance各门功课总称curriculum 具体一门课的内容syllabus 课外活动extra-curricular activities学校是社会的缩影A school is society in miniature.不遵守纪律（名词）indiscipline 违反纪律的学生disruptive students理论知识theoretical knowledge通才generalist 专才specialist 全面发展的well-rounded 为社会健康发展作贡献contribut

6、e to societal well-being人文学科humanities 社会科学social sciences艺术arts 文科总称liberal studies理科sciences 工科engineering 学科（通称）discipline 基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences小（中、大）学教育primary-level or secondary-level or tertiary-level education职业教育vocational education2. Technology尖端的技术cutting-edge technology信息

7、爆炸information overload信息时代the information era互联网的广泛使用the proliferation of the Internet or the widespread use of the Internet科技创新及发展technological innovations and advances/提高效率augment efficiency提高生产效率augment productivity减少人力的机器labour-saving machinery取代人力的机器labour-replacing machinery自动化automation or au

8、tomated 生物技术biotechnology 克隆clone or cloning 远程通信telecommunications 太空探索space exploration人旳基因构成one's genetic makeup or one's DNA programming3. Media时事current affairs新闻界the press印刷媒体the print media电子媒体the electronic media报道新闻的机构news outlets无处不在的prevalent充斥着be awash with or be inundated with审查

9、censor删除delete or eliminate过多的暴力与色情内容excessive violent and pornographic contents有误导性的misleading诈骗性的fraudulent 虚假的false bogus 报道非常详尽的细节report sth. in graphic detail媒体炒作media hype夸大事件exaggerate things公正客观的objective and balanced揭露expose or reveal侵犯隐私violate someone's privacy毁坏某人的名誉tarnish one's

10、 reputation狗仔队paparazzi 名人celebrities丑闻scandals 掩盖cover up不客观的biased如实的描述factual accounts可信的reliable or trustworthy or dependable及时的up-to-the-minute信息量大的informative 娱乐性强的entertaining 有新闻价值的newsworthy 道德准则code of ethics or code of conduct4. Government当局authorities 老百姓citizens or the citizenry规范，管理reg

11、ulate实施implement立法legislate make laws严禁strictly prohibit or ban altogether严格的法律stringent laws监督scrutinise or monitor为拨款dedicate money to sth. or invest in/预算budget 税收tax revenue政府开支the government spending or expenditure on sth.削减curtail 增添augment当务之急priority 把当成当务之急give priority to sth.责任responsibil

12、ity 军备竞赛arms race 自卫self-defence 国土安全national security缺乏远见的政策short-sighted policy扩张expansion 谋求霸权seek (or pursue) hegemony恶性循环a vicious circle地区不稳定因素destabilising factors规章制度rules and regulations太空竞赛space race武器weapons 下岗工人laid-off workers or downsized workers失业unemployment or joblessness基础设施infrast

13、ructure 公共交通系统public transport system 电网power grid民主的democratic民主democracy石油天然气管线pipelines给排水系统water supply and drainage system民主与开明的政府a democratic and progressive government5. Language一种可以通用的语言a universal language or a global language英语的广泛应用the proliferation of English英语的统治地位the dominant role of En

14、glish方言dialect 小语种将会消亡lesser-known languages will become extinct小语种的消亡the extinction of lesser-known languages6. Culture保护preserve or protect 祖先ancestors 后代descendants 少数民族ethnic minorities民族团结the harmony between ethnic groups文化融合cultural integration and synthesis相互影响interaction or interact with文化多元

15、性cultural diversity丰富enrich 狭隘的观念insular mentality贬低minimise the importance of不是一成不变的sth. is not set/carved in stone7. Development生活节奏加速The tempo of life is accelerating持续的疲劳fatigue 导致人与人之间疏远create alienation between people过于功利的materialistic 追求最大限度利润pursue maximum profit交通堵塞traffic jams阻碍obstruct扶贫p

16、overty alleviation就业机会job opportunity or employment opportunity贫穷的impoverished 富裕的affluent 撞车car accidents行人pedestrians 交通肇事者traffic accident perpetrators违章横穿马路jaywalk 监控摄像头surveillance camera有特殊审美价值的老房子old buildings of special aesthetic value有特殊历史意义的老房子buildings of historic significance民居vernacular

17、 dwellings让城市更美观enhance the cityscape破旧的（房子）decrepit 拆除knock down or demolish高楼high-rise buildings摩天大楼skyscrapers 城市化urbanisation 城乡差距the disparity between the city and the countryside城市旳urban 乡村的rural 搬迁relocate在家上班telecommute 休闲leisure or recreation精神上的享受amusement and enjoyment娱乐entertainment 宽松的管

18、理laissez-faire management运营成本operating costs overhead costs雇用recruit 会导致效率降低的counterproductive劳动力资源labour pool抑郁症depression 失眠sleeplessness 人口爆炸population explosion控制人口family planning爱慕虚荣的pretentious缺少运动的生活方式sedentary lifestyle营养过剩overnourishment . t(一个国家或地区的）文化特性(national or regional) cultural iden

19、tity全球文化同一化过程(即地区文化特性的消失）global cultural homogenisation文化同一性cultural homogeneity cultural uniformity全球化是一把双刃剑。Globalisation is a two-edged sword.地球村the global village文化同化cultural assimilation侵蚀亚洲文化erode the Asian culture9. Women两性平等gender equality性别歧视gender discrimination sexism 一个开明的社会an enlightene

20、d society被家务事拖累be tied down by household chores生育孩子child bearing抚养孩子child rearing母性本能maternal instinct家务事household chores10. Family老年人elderly people家庭成员间的情感纽带family bonds归属感a sense of belonging对的依恋an attachment to sth.单亲家庭single-parent households虐待abuse家庭暴力domestic violence毒品上癒be addicted to drugs11

21、. Tourism旅游景点tourist attractions开阔眼界push back one's vision游客可以与当地人互动Tourists can interact with the locals促进文化交流promote cultural communication吸引draw or attract亲身体验first-hand experience多种感官体验的（如听觉，触觉等)multi-sensory冲突conflict with争端discord把游客和当地人隔离isolate the tourist from the locals商业化commercialise

22、间接体验（比如通过电视或者互联网）second-hand experience文化遗产cultural heritage互联网不会让旅游业过时the Internet will not render tourism obsolete12. Environment生态平衡ecological balance可持续发展sustainable development环保主义者environmentalists对环境无害的environmentally-friendly 节约使用conserve保护preserve 再利用recycle 各国必须携手解决环境问题增强公众关于的意识raise the p

23、ublic awareness of sth.短缺scarcity 让资源承受很大压力(固定短语）stretch resources to the limit破坏自然资源wreak havoc on natural resources砍伐森林deforestation 污染pollute 有毒的toxic增加农产品产量boost crop yield可再生资源renewable resources不可再生资源non-renewable resources消耗（某种资源）consume or deplete用尽（某种资源）use up or exhaust严厉的措施harsh actions生态系统ecosystem某一地区所有生物总称the wildlife in a region生物的多样性biodiversity 污水effluent sewage 排放discharge 温室效应greenhouse effect or global warming严重的grievous白色污染产生的垃圾non-biodegradable garbage谴责而不是纵容condemn rather than condone sth.臭氧层ozone layer肥沃的土壌fertile soil贫瘠的土壌infertile soil耕地arable