中考英语阅读专题主旨大意题(无答案)

1、主旨大意题所谓主旨大意题， 就是指那些针对文章的主要内容、 主题、 标题或写作目的所设置的问 题。这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、 归纳、 推理等逻辑思维方 法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。 通过研究近两年各地的中考题我们发现， 现在的阅读 题远非停留在理解词句和看懂内容上。 为了增加阅读理解题的区分度， 考查学生的综合理解 能力， 拉开差距，阅读题中主旨大意题和推断题明显增加。这里， 我们主要来探讨主旨大意 题的解题方法。一、主旨大意题的题干表现形式1. 主要内容型:What is the passage / text / article mainly about?

2、What is the main / general idea of this passage? This passage mainly tells us about / that .2. 主题型 :What is the topic / subject of the article? Which subject is discussed in the text?3. 最佳标题型:What is the best title for this text / passage / article? Which of the following would be the best title for

3、 this passage?4. 写作目的型:The purpose of this article / passage / text is to. The author s mainpurpose of writing the passage is .What is the writer s purpos e of writingthis passage? The article has been written to explain .二、 主旨大意题的解答在做主旨大意题时, 不管是哪一种题型, 关键的一步是要找出主题句或和主题有关的关键词, 从而把握文章的主旨(main idea) 。1

4、. 议论、说明体裁的文章在议论文和说明文中 , 文章的主题通常出现在首段或末段。第一段的作用通常是给出作者的观点或引出将要介绍的事物 , 而末段的作用通常是总结全文、 重申论点。 因此 , 在阅读议论文和说明文时, 对于首段和末段一定要仔细阅读 , 寻找对全文有提纲挈领或概括结论性的语句 , 因为那通常就是文章的主题所在。但有时文章中并不存在明确点明主题的句子, 这时可以联系每段的中心句来概括、 总结 , 然后得出主题。因为作者对文章各个段落的安排都是紧紧围绕主题展开的 , 或者说每段都对主题 的展开和深化起到了各自的作用。因此每个段落也是相对的一个小整体, 有着各自的中心,而这个中心通常由段

5、落中的一句话表达出来, 即段落的主题句 (topic sentence) 。 由此 , 我们可以看出 , 文章各段的主题句构成了一篇文章的 " 骨架 " 。 看清了这个" 骨架 " 的轮廓 , 弄清了各段与文章主题的关系 , 不但全文的主旨, 即便是隐藏在文字深层的作者的写作目的或意图也会跃然纸上。 每段中的主题句可能出现在段首、 段尾或是段中 , 但以出现在段首的情况居多。尽管每段主题句的位置不固定, 但寻找起来也并不难。记住主题句是能简洁明了地概括全段的主要内容, 具有高度的综合性和概括性的一句话 , 段内的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论

6、证或拓展。例 1:Our neighborhood has really changed. When I last visited there, about half of the houses had been torn down ( 拆除 )to make way for a highway. The rest of the buildings were covered with billboards ( 宣传板 )and surrounded by traffic signs and garbage. Now the whole neighborhood has become dirty

7、, noisy and full of cars.【分析】本段第一句话的概括性最强, 指出环境发生了巨大变化。其他几句话分别具体说明都发生了哪些变化 , 以及现在的样子。因此, 第一句为本段的主题句。2. 记叙体裁的文章记叙文通常按时间先后或事情发展的顺序来叙述。 寻找这类文章的主题时也要特别留意首段和末段, 因为作者有时会在叙述事件之前或之后流露出自己对它的看法和情感, 而这正是解题的关键。 还有些情况下, 文中没有明确的主题句 , 即主题隐含在行文之中。 必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节进行全面考虑, 综合分析。这时要注意表示时间和顺序的词语, 以把握事情发展的脉络。 还要特别留意那些概括情

8、节和中心的动词 , 或者反映人物特点的形容词等,这样才能猜测出作者在用词、语气之中流露出的隐含信息。例 2:Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia （栀子花） was delivered to my house. No card ever came with it. Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all. After a while I stopped trying tofind out the sender sname and wa

9、s just pleased with the beautiful white flower, in soft pink paper.I never stopped imagining （ 想像 ） who the giver might be, though. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender. Mymother encouraged these daydreams. She d ask me if I had been especially kind to someone. Perhaps

10、 it was the old manacross the street. I d delivered his mail during the winter. As a girl, though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy that I had met.One month before my graduation, my father died. I was so sad that I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance, and I

11、didn t care whether I had a new dress or not. My mother, in her own sadness, however, would not let me miss any of those things. She wanted her children to feel loved. In fact, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia: lovely, strong and perfect, with perhaps a bit of m

12、ystery （神秘 ）.My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. A Childhood DreamB. A Mother s LoveC. A Graduation Party D. A Special Birthday 【分析】本文写的是一位母亲在自己女儿成长的过程中以一种独特的方式每年在女儿生日那天不署

13、名送女儿栀子花来表达对女儿的爱。 本篇文章围绕爱展开, 开头写暗送女儿栀子花,并鼓励女儿去想像美好。当女儿遇到挫折时, 母亲鼓励女儿要勇敢地面对困难。尽管文章中并没有出现主题句，但是以上这些关键信息充分说明了B项"A Mother ' s Love"是正确项。3. 新闻体裁的文章值得一提的是新闻报道类文章在中考阅读中逐渐增多。一般这类文章都有固定格式 : 城 市名称 （ 或通讯社 ） 一句话概括新闻的主要内容 , 然后是具体的报道。 通常第一句是一个 较长的句子, 交待出主要事件、发生的时间、地点等。如果不是非常有必要交待时间和地点的事情 , 也至少会在第一句中点出

14、要报道的对象和侧重点。例如 :例 3:JAKARTA (Xinhua) The Indonesia Health Ministry said that a three-year-oldIndonesian boy died of bird flu ( 流感 ) on Wednesday. He became the 108th people who died of this disease in the country. NyomanKandun, the leader of the Health Ministry, told Xinhua on telephone that the boy

15、loved to play with birds .【分析】这则新闻报道了一个3 岁的男孩死于禽流感的事情。 首句就交代清楚了事情发生的时间(on Wednesday) 、地点 (Indonesia) 、人物 (a 3-year-old boy) 以及主要情节(died of birdflu) 。小试牛刀1. Samantha, I can t eat or sleep when you are gone. I need to hear your soft voice and see your lovely toothless smile. I miss that special way yo

16、u eat soup with your fingers. Please come home soon!What is the main idea of this paragraph?A. Samantha, your smile is very lovely.B. Samantha, I want to hear your soft voice.C. Samantha, I miss you very much.D. Samantha, I can t eat and sleep well.2. Someday we will all have robots that will be our

17、 personal servants (仆人 ). Theywill look and behave much like real humans. We will be able to talk to these robots and they will be able to answer us. They will be smart, strong, and tire-less workers. Their only life goal will be to make our lives easier.Which sentence expresses the main idea of the

18、 paragraph?A. Someday we will all have robots as our personal servants.B. We can talk to these robots and they can answer us.C. Robots will look and behave much like real humans.D. The robots will be smart, strong, and tireless workers.解答主旨大意题的小技巧：1. 快速有重点地浏览(skimming) 全文。从整体上把握文章的结构、逻辑关系、问题的指向等。 在快

19、速浏览时， 不纠缠文章中与主旨无关的细节( 如某些数字或专有名词等) ， 以保持阅读的连贯性，把注意力集中于主题句的关键词语上，必要时在重要词句下面画线标注。2. 选择文章标题时， 既要排除过于具体或断章取义、 以偏概全的标题， 又要排除范围太大、空洞、不着边际的标题，还要警惕以事实、细节替代抽象、概括的大意的情况。3. 推断作者写作目的时，要站在作者的立场想问题，切忌将自己的观点强加于作者。当文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时， 务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。 此时， 要注意一些转折词，如： but, yet, however, although 等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用

20、到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息。4. 必须看清题目， 要求回答的是“全文主旨”还是“段落主旨”； 推断的是“作者的观点、意图”还是“别人的观点、意图”。训练 AWhy play games? Because they are fun, and we can learn even more while playing. Following the rules, planning your next move, acting as a team member these areall “ game” ideas that you will come across all t

21、hrough your life. They can help you in different ways.Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are very interesting. But perhaps more importantly, they translate part of life into exciting games that teach children some of the basi

22、c rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating （ 合彳）.Many children ' s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For example, some Saudi Arabian children play a ga

23、me called bones, which improves the hand-eye coordination （协调）needed in fishing.The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competitions. People who watch the event （比赛项 目）know that a gold medal is a win for the whole countr

24、y, not just the athlete who got it. For countries experiencing natural disasters （灾害）or wars, an Olympic win can mean so much.Sports games are also an event that unites （ 团结）people. Football is the most popular sport in the world. People all over the world play itsome for fun andsome for a living. N

25、icolette Iribarne, a Californian football player, has discovered a way to spread hope through football. He created a foundation （基金会）to providepoor children with not only soccer balls but also a bright future.Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills a

26、re needed, and whether these skills will help you in other parts of your life.55. What' s the main idea of the passage?A. Games can help people in different ways.B. People are advised to play games for fun.C. An Olympic win means a lot to every country.D. Sports can get people all over the world

27、 together.训练BAsk someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost mention recycling, which is the process （过程）of treating used things, such as paper or steel so that they can be used again. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to r

28、ecycle often means we already have more things than we need. Weare now dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the possible greenest way, but it would be far better if we did not bring so many things home in the first place.Here is an example. In the UK, the total of packaging increased

29、 by 12% between 1999 and 2020. It now makes up a third of a household ' s waste. In many supermarkets, foods are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging causes serious environmental problems. The UK is running out of different kinds of ways for dealing with this unnecessary

30、waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect （ 效果）.Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The best way of avoiding this problem is to stop producing such unnecessary things in the first place. Food waste is another serious

31、problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers （ 消费者）to buy more than they need. They seldom encourage customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all o

32、f us. Wehave learned to connect packaging with quality （ 质量）.We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. Is it true for all the products? In fact, more andmore companies realized the importance of protecting the environment. They try to package what really should be packag

33、ed, including products in good quality.As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize how manyunnecessary things are being collected. Weneed to face the waste of our daily life. Although manypeople have taken action to recycle, we have a high mountain to climb.57. What is the main purpose of the

34、 second paragraph?A. To show the facts of over-used packaging.B. To talk about the possible greenest ways.C. To teach people how to do recycling at home.D. To express worries about environmental problems.59. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Supermarkets should recycle first.B. Packaging ca

35、uses serious problems.C. Needless things are mostly recycled. D. Recycling should be done in the first place.训练CThe secret in re-remembering is to allow the full power of your memory to flow freely without “trying " to remember any one specific （ 特定的 ）thing.I recently sat down to a relaxed and

36、enjoyable dinner with some friends. At the beginning of the meal, a friend told us that his car had just been broken into and his briefcase （公文包）had been stolen. He was frustrated （懊恼的）because his diary and a number of other items （ 物品）important to him were in the briefcase. He said he could remembe

37、r only four items that were in his stolen briefcase, that he knew there were many more, that he had to give a full report to the police within two hours, and that the more he tried to remember the more blocked he became.Several of us at the table who were familiar with Memory Principles （规贝U） then t

38、ook him through the following exercise: instead of continuing to allow him to think of what he could not remember, we asked him when he had last had his briefcase open. It turned out that it was at the office just before he left work, at which point he suddenly remembered that he had put two importa

39、nt magazine articles in the briefcase.We then asked him when he had last had the briefcase open before leavinghome for work. It turned out to have been the night before, and he remembered having put in two more articlesas well as a tape recorder,in preparation for the followingmorning. Finally we as

40、ked him to describe the inner （内部的）design of his briefcase, and as he went through a detailed description, he remembered pens, pencils, letters and a number of other items that he had completely“forgotten " before.Within 20 minutes, he remembered 18 additional items.The secret is to “forget abo

41、ut " whatever you are trying to remember and “relive " all experiences that connect in any way with the item you are trying to remember. This method works at once almost in all cases, and takes the form of a created Mind Map around the “missing " center.This memory method, like the ot

42、hers, improves your memory as well as your creativity, and in addition gives you confidence when you realize that, no matter what you have forgotten, there is still a chance to solve any memory mystery （谜团）！60. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Forgetting - You can never really forget PB. Drawing - The better way to remember thingsC. Re-remembering - Remember what you have forgottenD. Replacing - Forgetting something instead of remembering训练DJames Naismith, a physical education teacher in Massachusetts, invented basketball in 1891. Naismith ' s boss asked him to in