第二讲：英语主谓“三一致”原则

1、英语语法专题系列讲座第二讲英语主谓英语主谓“三一致三一致”原则原则主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则 练 习 历年高考题 例 题（1）当主语之后有）当主语之后有as well as 引导的短语时引导的短语时(常被看做并常被看做并列主语，但实际不是列主语，但实际不是)，其谓语的数与主语保持一致。，其谓语的数与主语保持一致。Helen, as well as her brother, has gone abroad.海伦和她弟弟都出国了。海伦和她弟弟都出国了。The teacher, as well as 5 of his students, was invited to attend the part

2、y. 老师和他的老师和他的5 5个学生被邀请参加宴会。个学生被邀请参加宴会。(4) 用用 and 连接的并列主语被连接的并列主语被 each, every 或或 no 修修 饰时，谓语动词用单数。饰时，谓语动词用单数。 语法一致语法一致No teacher and no student is in the classroom.Every pen and every book _ ( lay ) on the desk already. has been laid 语法一致语法一致(5) each of + 复数代词，谓语动用单数。复数代词，谓语动用单数。复数代复数代 词词+each，谓语动词用

3、复数。，谓语动词用复数。如如We each have something to say.我们每人都有些话要说。语法一致语法一致None of the money was ever recovered. 那笔钱一个子儿也没收回来那笔钱一个子儿也没收回来。 语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致One fifth of the workers in the factory are women. 内容一致内容一致内容一致内容一致内容一致内容一致 Bread & butter is my favorite for lunch. 午餐我最喜欢吃面包抹黄油。内容一致内容一致内容一致内容一

4、致quite a就近一致就近一致就近一致就近一致Neithernor, Example E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. (99 上海2) A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play答案及分析答案及分析答案是答案是 A。当主语之后有。当主语之后有 as well as 引导的短语时引导的短语时(常常被看做并列主语，但实际不是被看做并列主语，但实际不是) ，谓语的数与主语保持一，谓语的数与主语保持一致。因致。因 e-mai

5、l 是单数，故答案选择是单数，故答案选择 A。 Multiple choiceMultiple choice:1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging (C85)2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept (C85)3. There _ a lot of milk in the bott

6、le. A. are B. is C. were D. has (C86)4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was (C85)5. Nobody but Jane and Mary _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known (C86 ) Multiple choice:6. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. wer

7、e (C87 NO.45)7. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered (C90 NO.20)8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be (C89 NO.27)9. The number of people invited _ fi

8、fty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were (C 96 NO.14)10. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 概念复习与练习概念复习与练习两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用 and 连接，谓语用复数Tom and

9、Dick _ (be) good friends.但若两个主语表示一个集合体或同一人或物时则用单数。A singer and dancer _ (be) present at the party.The worker and writer _ (be) talking to the students.Bread and butter _ (taste) good.(a needle and thread, a horse and cart, a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure)a

10、re wasis tastes2用 and 连接的两个单数名词若被 no, each, every, many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数。No bird and no beast _ (be) seen in the bare island.Many a boy and many a girl _ (have) made such a funny experiment.At Christmas each boy and each girl _ (be) given a present.ishasis3在陈述句中，如两个主语由 not only but also, or, eitheror,

11、neithernor 等所连接，谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致；如陈述句改为疑问句，则句首助动词的数与其相邻的主语的数相同。比较如下例句：Either he or I _ (be) to go there._ (be) either you or he going to attend the meeting?amAre4.如主语之后有 like, with, together with, but, except, besides, as well as 等词连接引导的(介词)短语(注：这些短语常可移置句首或句尾注：这些短语常可移置句首或句尾)时，谓语的数与其前面的主语保持一致。A profess

12、or, together with some students, _ (be) sent to help in the work.No one but the teachers _ (be) allowed to use the room.wasis5一些集体名词用作主语时，如果被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果所指为其中的成员，谓语用复数。如 audience, committee, class (班级班级), crew (全体船员或机组人员), family, government, public (公众)等，但 people, police, cattle 等用作主语时只等用作主语时只

13、能后接复数动词能后接复数动词。My family _ (be) a big family. My family _ (be) listening to the radio.The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief. isare are6.通常作复数的集体名词 有些集体名词如 police, people, cattle (牛牛), militia (民兵民兵), poultry (家禽家禽) 等用作主语时，通常被看作复数，用复数动词。例如：Domestic cattle _ (provide) us with milk, beef and hide

14、vide 7.通常作不可数名词的集体名词 有一些集体名词如 machinery, furniture, equipment, merchandise (商品商品), clothing 作主语时，通常被看作不可数名词，后接的谓语动词用单数。例如：The merchandise _(have) arrived undamaged.All the machinery in the factory _ (be) made in China.hasis8一些表示钱、时间、距离、重量、长度等的名词用作主语时，尽管形式上常用复数，但通常多被看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数动词。Ten minutes

15、_ (be) enough.One dollar and seventy eight cents _ (be) what she has. Fifty miles _ not far by car. isisis9. all 用作主语指代人物人物时，一般看作复数，谓语动词用复数；指代整个事件整个事件或情况情况时，一般被看作单数，谓语动词用单数。All that I want _ (be) a good E. dictionary.All _ (be) silent. （人人都缄口不语。）All _ (be) out of danger.iswerewere10. 形容词前加定冠词 the 时，

16、所表示的是一类人，谓语动词用复数。What a life the poor were living!The young are happy to give their seats to the old.The rich in that country have to pay more income tax (所得税).11. 关系代词 who, which, that 用作定语从句的主语时，其谓语的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。 Those who want to go should sign their names here. He is one of the students who hav

17、e passed the exam. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 12. 以以-ics结尾的学科名称结尾的学科名称 某些以 -ics 结尾的学科名称, 如 physics (物理学)、 mathematics (数学)、 mechanics (机械学)、politics (政治学)、statistics (统计学)、economics (经济学)、linguistics (语言学）、athletics (体育学)等作主语时，后接单数谓语动词单数谓语动词。例如：Physics/Mathematics is

18、 difficult to learn.Linguistics is an interesting subject.Economics was not introduced into China until the beginning of last century.13.英语以 -s 结尾的名词中还包括一些由两个部分组成的物体名称，如 scissors (剪子剪子), pincers/pliers (钳子钳子), glasses (眼镜眼镜), shorts (短裤短裤), trousers (裤子裤子), suspenders (吊裤带吊裤带)等。这一类名词作主语时，如果前边不加 a pa

19、ir of 等英语短语，通常被看作复通常被看作复数，后接复数谓语动词数，后接复数谓语动词。例如：Pincers (钳子) are needed for this job.如果前边带有单位词（如 a pair of 等），则由单位词的单复数形式决定动词的单复数形式。例如：One pair of scissors isnt enough.Ten pairs of pliers (钳子) are needed there.14.以以 s 结尾的政体和地理名称结尾的政体和地理名称 某些以 -s 结尾的政体名称，如 the United States, the United Nations, the N

20、etherlands 等，尽管带有复数词尾，但所表示的是单一政治实体，故作单数用。但若不但若不是政体名是政体名，而是而是群岛群岛、山脉山脉、海峡海峡、瀑布瀑布等地理名称，通常作复数用。例如：The West Indies, apart from the Bahamas, are commonly divided into two parts.The Himalayas（喜马拉雅山脉) have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.The United Nations was established in 1945.The Netherl

21、ands is another name of Holland. 15.英语中还有一些以 -s 结尾的名词如 arms (武器), clothes (衣服), contents (内容，目录), fireworks (烟火), goods (货物), minutes (记录), morals (道德,品行), remains (遗体), stairs (楼梯), suburbs (郊区), thanks (谢意), wages (工资) 等, 通常被看作复数,作主语时后接复数谓语动词。例如：Clothes are generally expensive in Guangzhou.My than

22、ks also go to Prof. Ma for his timely help.The suburbs in Beijing are very beautiful in the fall. 16.凡是由 ings 结尾的名词，如 clippings (剪下来的东西), diggings (掘出的东西), earnings (收入), filings (锉屑), lodgings (租住的房屋), surroundings (环境), sweepings (扫拢的垃圾) 等作主语时, 通常被看作复数用，后接复数谓语动词。例如： The clippings of the trees are

23、usually burnt.The sweepings of the square have been buried (掩埋).17. 还有一些以-s接尾的单、复数同形的名词，如: headquarters (总部), means (方法、手段), series (系列), species (种类), works (工厂) 等用作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数，还是用作复数。例如：A headquarters was set up to direct the operation (指挥作战). Their headquarters are in Paris.The on

24、ly means to achieve success is to appeal to arms (诉诸武力).18. Remains 用来指“遗体”作主语时，之后的谓语动词通常用复数形式：His remains lie in the churchyard.The martyrs remains were buried at the foot of the hill.但作“遗迹”或“剩余物”解释时，在不同的上下文中可看作复数或单数：Here is the remains of a temple.The remains of the meal were/was fed to the dog.19

25、.如果作主语的名词词组由 “分数 (或百分数) + of 词组” 构成，其动词形式依 of 词组中名词单复数而定。例如：Two thirds of the swampland (沼泽地) _ (have) been reclaimed (开垦).Over sixty per cent of the city _ (be) des-troyed in the war.Thirty-five per cent of the doctors _ (be) women.has waswere20.如果主语是 all of ., some of ., none of ., half of ., most of . 等表示不确定数量的名词词组，其后边的动词形式依 of 词组中名词的单复数而定。例如：Most of the money _ paid by his deputy (助手).Most of the members _ there.All of the cargo _ lost.All of the crew _ saved.waswerewaswere21.两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可用复数。例如：Fort