高中英语语法讲义——定语从句

1、高中英语语法讲义-定语从句概念1,定语：修饰限定人或物的成分。a cute girl , the penon the desk .The boy sitting here is my student. The book bought yesterday is popular.2,定语从句：修饰限定人或物的句子.The boy who is sitting here is my student. The book which was bought yesterday is popular3,先行词：被定语从句修饰的人或物 一the boy / the book. *注意词组-the old ma

2、n under the tree。旨人）4,关系词：代替先行词引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系副词）-who / which.1, who am 48, teach you English.5,限定性定语从句：从句紧跟在先行词后译为一句话。6,非限定性定语从句：主句从句逗号分开，译为两句话。既可对某个先行词也可对整个主句进 行补充说明（不用 that）。You have been admitted to a top university , which has made your parents excited.限定性定语从句：在从句中所做成分关系词先行词指人：1, 主语who/that2,

3、宾语whom/who/that/-3, 定语（某人的）+ n whoseI have a friend. 1, He works in Wuhan.1 have a friend who / that works in Wuhan.2, I love him1 have a friend （ whom/ who/ that ） I love.3,His name is Ray.-1 have a friend whose name is Ray.*当做介词宾语且和介词一起引导从句时：介词 + whom （人）/which （物）+从句。不能省略！The girl is Lily. You ta

4、lked with her.-The girl （whom/who/that） you talked with is Lily.-The girl with whom you talked is Lily.在从句中所做成分关系词先行词指物1,主语which/ that2,宾语which / that / -3, 定语 （某物的） + n whose * whose + n = the+ n of which / of which the +n .4, 状语 时间 when二介词+ which地点 where=介词+ which *从句完整the reason why = for whichI

5、have a flat . 1, It lies on the 5h floor.-1 have a flat which / that lies on the Sh floor.2, I bought it in 2006.-1 have a flat （which / that） I bought in 2006.3, Its door faces to the south.-1 have a flat whose door（the door of which/ of which the door ） faces to the south.4,We ve lived in it for a

6、bout 11 year-1 have a flat （which / that）we ve lived in for about 11 year/ in which we ve lived for about 11years./ where we ve lived for about 11 years.（we 为 ve li SVi完整）I ll remember the day _when_ we had a good time together.（完整）_（_which / that）_ we spent together 从句缺宾语）*spend/take/last/devote等可力

7、口 时间做宾语The reason _why_ he was late （ 从句完整 ）is that he was ill._（which/that）_ he told me （从句缺宾语）非限定性定语乐句：1 ,主Z SV,关系词+从句。2, S ,关系词+从句，V .3,关系词+从句,主句SV.高频考点：1, 只用that:先行词为不定代词/最高级或序数词修饰/既有人又有物。2, as的用法：在限定性定语从句中such/ so / the same +fe行词as + 定语从句（不完Such/ so .that状语从句（完整） He is such a clever boy _as_ w

8、e all like缺宾语）_that_ we all like him （完整）在非限定性定语从句中，指物一般用which,若从盘在后或在中时是被动结构缺主语或有正如之意用as从句在主句前必须用 as.As is known to us , the earth travels round the sun.3,数词/ 不定代词 + of which/whom ,介词 + whose+ nMr. Li has collected more than 300 stamps, 32 of which are very precious.I have many students, some of wh

9、om come from Tai zhou.There was once a hill , on whose top stood a temple.4,地点的模糊化，case, situation, activity, atmosphere, phone等都可以做表地点的先行词，从旬完整时者B可以用 where 弓I导。I ll create a teaching atmosphere _where_ you can feel relaxed.5, one of +复数名词+关系代词+复数形式动词，the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数形 式动词。6, the way +从

10、句/that+从句/ which +不完整从句 / in which +完整从句7, time （次数）that + 完整从旬，time （时间）when/ during which + 完整从句。解题方法：1,看限定还是非限定；2,看先行词指人还是指物；3,看从句是否完整/所缺成分.练习1:1. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.2. The number of smokers,is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one ye

11、ar.3. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy theirwork.4. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.5. China Today attracts a worldwide readership,shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn abou

12、t China.6. It is a truly delightful place,looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.7. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able tobe independent.8. The books on the desk,covers are shiny, are prize

13、s for us.9. Opposite is St. Paul urchs Ch you can hear some lovely music.10. I didn t become a serious climber until the fifth grade,I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.11. A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.12. We ll reach

14、 the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.13. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must.14. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of uses it differently.15. Students should involve themsel

15、ves in community activities they can gain experience forgrowth.16. The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.17. I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings forher.18. Please send us all the information you have about the candidate

16、for the position.19. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children,is quite unexpected.20. Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.21. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors canwatch the big glass

17、houses being built.22. Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.23. We have launched another manmade satellite,is announced in today s newspapers.24. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.25. Finally he reached a lonely is

18、land was completely cut off from the outside world.26. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.27. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.28. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,he remembers startin

19、g as early as his childhood.29. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,made one of the Chinese people s lohgld dreams come true.30. Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.练习2:1. Those motorcycles,a huge umbrella is fixed, are a huge t

20、hreat to people walking in the street.2. You see, he seems to have done too badly in practicing playing basketball.Yeah, but he makes nonistakes makes nothing, so I think it doesn t matter.3. In ancient Egypt, green represented hope and spring,is the time of year things innature start to grow after

21、a long winter.4. This is the most serious and worst situation I have ever experienced as a fan of the NBA.5. The other day, my friend John drove his car down the street at what I thought was a dangerous speed,surprised everyone in the car.6. Do you still remember the boss in restaurant you worked du

22、ring the summer holiday?7. Where did you lose your bicycle?It was in the playground I played basketball.8. What is known to us all is that the old worker,life was hard in the past, still works hard in his seventies.9. In most cases, college graduates donwHattjobrthey will do so long as it is one the

23、ycan earn money to support themselves.10. As a student of Senior Three, he has very little free time he can spend developing his owninterest.11. At the request of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one of is aboutEnglish idioms.12. I m sorry not to have replied to your letter ea

24、rlier, for, I must say, I apologize.t cor13. Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life they arenparents.14. There are many new central leadersin China now, of many once worked in the westernprovinces.15. He was educated at the local high school, after he went on to Peking Universi

25、ty.16. Drive-ins have large parking lots customers are served in their cars by waitresses.17. With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.18. The result was not the same as they had expected,was rather disappointing.19. Mr. Luke,

26、in supermarket we bought an iPad last week, will give us a report on how tochoose a career this evening.20. Tango is a passionate dance,brings the dancers together in a way that words can 练习3There was a time _1_ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason _

27、2_ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, _3_ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, _4_ teacher was Yu Minhong, commu

28、nicated with me face-to-face, from _5_ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities _6_ we did. I should be grat

29、eful to my father and the guide, _7_ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into _8_ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passagesaloud. In class I join in English discussion. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through _9_ I

30、 can memorize a large number of new words. _10_ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later. ” ..9.10.定语从句参考答案:练习1:1. where句意：营造一种让员工感觉到自己就是团队一员的氛围是极大的挑战。本题考查定语 从句。先行词为atmosphere关

31、系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，故用 where2. as句意：正如报道的那样，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。本题考查非 限制性定语从句。先行词为整个主句的内容，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填aso as isreported正如报道的那样。3. where句意：该公司的老板在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，在这种氛围中，他的员工们可以享 受工作的乐趣。先行词为atmosphere，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。4. which句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。先行词为 skill,关系词在定 语从句中作介词upon的宾语；本句中介词upon已被提前，故

32、答案为which。5. which句意：今日中国吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。 本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为设空处前的一句话，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故 答案为which o6. which句意：这真是一个宜人的地方，它看上去和100年前的样子一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村社。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为place,关系词在定语从句中作主语且指事物，故用 which o7. when句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是期盼着他能够独立的时候。先行词为 time,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为 when。8. whose句意：桌上那些封面闪闪发亮

33、的书是我们的奖品。本题考查定语从句。先行词为thebooks,与从句中的covers为所属关系，故答案为 whose9. where句意：你们在对面的圣保罗教堂能听到一些动听的音乐。先行词为St. Paul s Church关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where。10. when句意：我直到五年级才真正成为一个攀登者，那时，我爬到树上去拿一个被挂在树枝 上的风筝。在本句中，先行词为the fifth grade,设空处在定语从句中作时间状语，故填 when。11. whose句意：从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。先行词为 company,关系词在定语从句中作定语，故填

34、 whose12. which/that句意：一个月以后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。先行词是the sales targets关系代词在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以填关系代词 which/that013. where句意：这本书对我的日常交流很有帮助，尤其是在工作单位。在那里必须给人留下良 好的印象。at work （在工作单位）表地点，故用where引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。14. which句意：英语市一种被好几种不同的文化都使用的语言，而且每一种文化使用它的方式 也不同。先行词是cultures,且关系词在定语从句中作介词 of的宾语，所以填which。15. where句

35、意：学生应该参加社区活动，他们从中能获得成长经验。先行词为communityactivities,关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填 where16. which/that句意：安杰拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是 2008年。先行词是the exact year,关系词在定语从句中作 spent的宾语。故填which/that。17. when句意：我正期待着那天的到来，那时我的女儿可以读这本书并且了解我对她的感情。先行词是the day,关系词在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故填which/that。18. that句意：请把你拥有的关于竞聘这个职位的那个候选人的所有信息发给我们。先行词

36、 the information被all修饰，所以只能填关系代词that。19. which句意：到目前为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子们筹款 50,000英镑，这非常出乎我们 的意料。本题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语， 所以填which o20. which/that句意：在海员们不得不面对的许多危险中，最大的危险很可能是雾。先行词是 dangers，关系词在定语从句中作face的宾语，且指物，故填 which/that。21. where句意：博物馆将在春天开放，届时将有一个展览和一个观景平台。参观者可以在那个 观景平台上观看正在建设的大温室（玻璃暖房

37、）。先行词为a viewing platform,关系词在定 语从句中作地点状语，故用 where。22. where句意：很多国家现在都在建立国家公园，在那里动植物能够受到保护。先行词为 national parks,故使用表示地点的关系副词 where引导定语从句。23. which句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。设空处引导非 限制性定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用 which o24. whom句意：约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分都是自家人。定语从 句中，介词在关系词前，先行词为人时，关系代词只能用whom。25. which/t

38、hat句意：他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。先行词是island,关系词在定语从句中作主语且指物，故用 which/that o26. where句意：在我到达后，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。先行词 the hous盛示地点， 故用关系副词where引导。27. whose句意：这本书从生活遭受地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。先行词为those,在从句中和lives是所属关系，故填whose28. which句意：世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结，他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。先 行词是a passion for China,关系词在定语从句中作宾语，在非限制性定语从句

39、中用which。29. which句意：莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成了现实。which引导非限制性定语从句。30. who句意：幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身长处的人。先行词为those,关系词在定语从句中作主语，且指人，故用 who。练习2：1. where句意：那些车身上都安装着大伞的摩托车对于街上的行人是一个很大的威胁。先行词 为those motorcycles关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where。2. who/that句意：一一你看，他似乎在练习打篮球方面表现极差。一一是的，但是不犯错误的人将一事无成，因此我想那不重要。先行词为h

40、e,关系词在从句中作主语且指人，故填who/that。3. which; when句意：在古埃及，绿色代表着希望和春天。春天是经过漫长的冬季后大自然中 万物开始复苏的季节。第一空先行词为spring,非限制性定语从句，关系词指事物且作主语， 故用which。第二空先行词为the time of year,关系词作时间状语，故用 when。4. that句意：这是我作为NBA球迷经历过的最严重最糟糕的情况。先行词为situation,关系词作宾语，且先行词被形容词最高级修饰，故用that。5. which句意：前几天，我的朋友约翰驾着他的车以我认为是危险的速度在大街上行驶，这使 得车里的每个人都感到很吃惊。非限制性定语从句，关系词指事物，故用 which 06. whose句意：你还记得你暑假工作的那家饭店的老板吗？先行词为the boss,与后面的restaurant是从属关系，故答案为 whose7. where句意：你在哪儿丢的自行车？是在我打篮球的操场上。先行词为theplayground,关系词