高中英语语法动词时态上课讲义

1、高中英语语法动词时态构成形式一般体一般体完成体完成体进行体进行体完成进行体完成进行体现在时一般现在现在完成现在进行现在完成进行过去时一般过去过去完成过去进行过去完成进行将来时一般将来将来完成将来进行将来完成进行过去将来时一般过去将来过去将来完成过去将来进行过去将来完成进行体时考点全析一般体一般体完成体完成体进行体进行体完成进行体完成进行体现在时过去时将来时过去将来时体时Do/doesDid Will/shall doShould/would doHave/has doneHad doneWill/shall have doneAm/is/are doingWas/were doingShall

2、/will be doingDo/does 一般过去时(simple past tense) 核心用法：发生在过去，与现在无关 结构：V-ed或特殊结构nowthenpractice（12天津）The three of us _around Europe for about a month last summer.A. travelled B. have travelled C. had travelled D. travel（11山东）When I got on the bus, I_ I had left my wallet at home.was realizingB. realized

3、C. have realizedD. would realize现在完成时（话里有话）现在完成时（话里有话）核心用法：发生于过去核心用法：发生于过去，与现在有关，与现在有关. 结构：结构：have/has +done影响性持续性She has been a teacher for 20 years.I have finished my work 在“未完成”的现在完成时中，动作是从过去一直延续到现在的动作，因此动词一定是持续性的，非延续性动词不具备这个特点。因此，非延续性动词可以有现在完成时（表示已完成的动作），却不可以与表示一段时间的状语连用！ I have bought the car f

4、or two months. I have had/kept the car for two months.X 但非延续性动词在否定句中，可以和段时间状语连用，表示一种状态，状态是可以延续的I havent seen you for ages. 非延续-延续表示“没有见面这一状态Begin-be on die-be deadleave-be away from buy-haveGo -be away arrive-be hereBorrow-keep Come-be hereReturn-be back 在时间条件状语从句中，现在完成时表示将来完成意义 He will come as soon

5、 as he has finished the homework. If you have read the book before I leave , please lend it to me.高考链接（10全国1）When you are home, give a call to let me know you_ safely. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive（09全国2）Progress _ so far very good and we sure that the work will be finis

6、hed on time. was B. had been C. has been D. will be（13济南一模）- Are you coming to the party? - No, I _.Ahadnt invited Bdidnt inviteCwasnt invited Dhavent been invited一般过去与现在完成的区别 I lost my key. I have lost my key. 已完成性未完成性(13济宁一模)-you seem to be familiar with this city. -I _here for three years. Its gr

7、eat to be back.A have lived B lived C had lived D liveB:thenA:now高考链接( 07福建) Danny_ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked (2013济南二模)She is a well-known doctor now, but she _as a cleaner at the hospital for five years Ahas worked Bwor

8、ked Chad worked Dworks 一般现在时 要点：现在的状态（具一定可持续性） 经常习惯性动作. 结构：原型/单三He writes to his parents once a month.Some people still live in poverty.特殊用法 1、客观真理、事实客观真理、事实Light travels faster than sound.The moon The moon runsruns around the earth. around the earth.2、规定发生的动作（离开、起飞、节目表、日程表）规定发生的动作（离开、起飞、节目表、日程表）lea

9、ve ,arrive ,start, stay ,return ,begin , come等等The train The train arrives arrives at 10:30. Theres plenty of time.at 10:30. Theres plenty of time. 3、用于比赛、剧情介绍、书报标题、故事的叙述、用于比赛、剧情介绍、书报标题、故事的叙述.Jack Jack throws throws the ball to John and John the ball to John and John catchescatches it . it .He He si

10、ts sits down, down, shiversshivers a little. Clock outside a little. Clock outside strikes strikes twelvetwelve.4、时间、条件、方式、让步状语、时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句从句中，表将来动作中，表将来动作. When you When you meetmeet him, tell him to come to my place. him, tell him to come to my place.But we wont go if it But we wont go if it r

11、ainsrains. .高考链接(10北京) In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the r sounds at the end of the words . are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped（09福建）According to the literary review, Shakespeare_ his characters live through their language in his plays.will make B. had made C. w

12、as making D. makes 现在进行时 用法：说话此刻、现阶段（说话时未必进行）正在进的动作或状态 结构:am/is/are +ing The children The children are singing are singing a fine song.a fine song. The workers The workers are building are building a new factory.a new factory. 高考链接（11重庆）That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _ the piano upst

13、airs?has played B. played C. plays D. is playing（08重庆） Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage现在进行时的特殊用法 1. 表将来Go ，come ，stay ， leave ， start ， begin ， arrive ， return ， fly ，drive , stop等非延续性动词 The train The train is

14、 arriving is arriving soon.soon. when when areare we we leaving leaving and when and when are are we we comingcoming back back? areare you you stayingstaying here for a long time? here for a long time? 高考链接(12(12湖南湖南)“The moment _ soon,” he thought to himself, waiting )“The moment _ soon,” he though

15、t to himself, waiting nervously.nervously.A Acame Bcame Bhas come Chas come Cwas coming Dwas coming Dis comingis coming(12(12重庆重庆).Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _We must act ).Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _We must act immediately before theres nothing left.immediately before t

16、heres nothing left.A. have run out B .are running out A. have run out B .are running out C. have been run out D. are being run outC. have been run out D. are being run out 2. 带感情色彩.与 always, forever, constantly, continually, all the time等副词连用，表示不满、抱怨或赞美等情感 HeHe is is always always thinking of thinki

17、ng of others first.others first. the children are constantly disturbing us. 要点：动作从故去某时开始 延续到现在， 是否再继续，再来看题意现在完成进行时结构：have/has been doing一直 We have been looking for you for an hour. She has been teaching English since she graduated.动作刚停止动作还在继续进行高考链接（11北京）北京）Tom in the library every night over the las

18、t three months. works B. worked C. have been working D. had been working(11全国全国)When Alice came to（醒来）（醒来）, she did not know how long she there. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain特殊用法-带情感Shes been saying that twenty times.He has been calling on her several times this week.现在完成

19、时与现在完成进行时区别 I have read Harry Potter.我读过哈利波特 (动作完成)I have been reading Harry Potter.我一直在读哈利波特 （动作未完成，强调时间持续性）对于非延续性动词，现在完成强调动作的完成性，着重结果；现在完成表示动作的进行，动作的持久性。 状态动词、知觉动词或情感动词，如see, feel, know, love 等，不可用于现在完成进行时“一直”，或现在进行时，但feel可以用现在进行时。但可用于现在完成时I have known her for a long time. 我认识他很久了I have been known

20、ing her for a long time. X X过去进行时用法：过去的某一时间正在进行或者 某阶段一直进行.结构：was/were + ing I was writing a letter when she came in. They were digging a railway tunnel last week.过去进行时的特殊用法1. 表将来Go ，come ，stay ， leave ， start ， begin ， arrive ， return ， fly ，drive , stop等非延续性动词She told me that she was leaving for It

21、aly the next day.2.带感情色彩. 与 always, forever, constantly, continually, all the time等副词连用. She was always ringing me up when I was in London. My brother was always losing his key.高考链接（10全国1） Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? N0, I my homework all day yesterday. was doing B. would do C. had done D.

22、do要点：过去的过去-|-|-|- 那时以前B 那时A 现在过去完成时结构：had done.特殊用法判断依据 明显的时间状语-by的3种形式 从句中有明显的动作先后从句 固定句式practice-时间状语She had learnt 2000 English words by the end of last month.I had reached the station before six oclock.I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.practice-从句They had already put the

23、 fire out when I returned to the village.（状语从句）She said that she had seen the film before.（宾语从句）若有主从两个句，先后动作分别叙。哪个在前哪“完成”，哪个在后哪“过去”.固定句式1、在hardly/scarcely.when; nosooner.than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme. 注意2、表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时Itwasthefirsttimethathehadeversp

24、okentoaforeignerHardly,nosooner至于句首构成部分倒装NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanthetelephonerang.高考链接DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?(天津2006) No,nosooner_thanithappened.A.hadshegoneB.shehadgoneC.hasshegone D.shehasgone（11福建）Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _From China.A.

25、 receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received(11辽宁)By the time Jack returned home from England, his son_ from college. graduated B. has graduated had been D. had graduated(10安徽)一Were you surprised by the ending of the film? 一No. I_ the book, so I already knew the story. A. was reading B

26、. had read C. am reading D. have read 特殊用法如如HopeHope， wishwish，plan, want, mean, intend,attempt,think,expectplan, want, mean, intend,attempt,think,expect等等表示表示“打算、计划、希望、试图、认为打算、计划、希望、试图、认为” I had intended to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.IhadhopedtosendhimaChristmascard,butIf

27、orgottodoso.They had wanted to help but could not get here in time. 现在完成与过去完成的区别现在完成：以现在作为基点。（句中不可有过去特定时间的状语）过去完成：以过去某个时间为基点。（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语） She had been ill for a week before she came back. She has been ill for a week.过去将来时从过去某一时刻为起点，将要发生的动作或状态Would/should+doWas/were going to +do11年上海34. Did you predict that many students _ up for the dance competition?A. would sign B. signedC. have signedD. had signed要点：将来的动作或存在的状态.shall 用于第一人称，will通用一般将来时结构：shall/will+动原 I will take you there tomorrow.Later I shall tell you about som