综合英语第二册u

1、整理课件Tyranny of the Tyranny of the UrgentUrgentCharles E. Hummel整理课件Tyranny: n.nunfair or cruel use of power or authoritye.g. the tyranny of military rule(fig) submit to the tyranny of inflexible office hours 整理课件I Pre-reading Questionsn1. Do you often feel pressed by time? Do you hate meeting deadli

2、nes?n2. Do you think you are successful in managing your time? Why or why not? Have you ever thought of ways to improve the management of your time?整理课件II Text nBackground information: The American View of Time nAmericans treat time as if it were something almost tangible: they budget it, save it, w

3、aste it, steal it, kill it, and account for it; they also charge for it. It is a precious commodity.nMost Americans live according to time segments laid out in engagement calendars. These calendars may be divided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes. 整理课件nAs a result, Americans work hard at th

4、e task of saving time. They communicate rapidly through telexes, phone calls or memos rather than through personal contacts. People are meeting increasingly on television screens to settle problems by “teleconferences”. nIn the U.S., it is taken as a sign of competence to solve a problem, or fulfill

5、 a job successfully with rapidity.nConsider the Chinese view of time!“The U.S. is definitely a telephone country.”整理课件2. Text AnalysisThis is a well-organized argumentative essay. Para 1-2 Introductory part: can not really help relieve people of the pressure. Para 3-5Body: the pressure in our life o

6、riginates from the mishandled problem of .Para 6Concluding part: we are slaves to“ ”.the prolongation of timeprioritiesthe tyrannyof the urgent整理课件Comprehension of the textPart （P1-2）nQs:n1.How does the author introduce his topic?n2. Why do people wish for a thirty-hour day? Does the author believe

7、that this extra time will help people to ease the pressure?整理课件nA1: The author introduces his topic with a rhetorical question.nA rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question posed for its rhetorical effect without the expectation of a reply (eg: Why me?). nRhetorical question

8、s encourage the listener to think about the (often obvious) answer to the question. nWhen a speaker states, How much longer must our people endure this injustice?, no formal answer is expected. Rather, it is a device used by the speaker to achieve an emphasis.整理课件nA2: People always find themselves i

9、n short supply of time. An extra six hours may relieve them of the pressure.nNo. The author does not think that the prolongation of time may solve the problem of short-age of time once for all because ones work is endless. With this extra time, he believes, people could only afford to do more work r

10、ather than all the work.整理课件Language pointsn1. trail a long line or series of marks that is left by somebody/something e.g. He went inside, leaving a trail of muddy footprints behind him.Translate: 飓风过后满目疮痍。nThe hurricane left a trail of destruction behind it.整理课件n2. haunt to be always in the though

11、ts of; return repeatedly to the mind of e.g. Thirty years after the earthquake he is still haunted by images of death and destruction. The memory of that day still haunts me.n(of ghosts) visit (a place) regularly: a haunted house整理课件n3. exacting (of a person or piece of work) demanding much care, ef

12、fort and attentione.g. an exacting teacher/piece of work Volunteers are needed for an exacting assignment.nsynonym demandingnexact v. insist on and obtain; requiree.g. exact obedience from ones staff(fml) Her work exacts great care and attention.整理课件Part 2（P3-5）Qs:n1 ) What is the problem of priorit

13、ies?n2) When are people liable to frustration?n3) Why do people often delay an important task?整理课件nA1: What should people deal with first when confronted with endless tasks?nUrgent vs. Important整理课件nA2: When they find numerous tasks unfinished and especially when they find that they have left the im

14、portant tasks aside.nA3: People are constantly driven by urgent tasks while they are usually given more time to accomplish important tasks. As a result, they are likely to lack a sense of urgency for important tasks.整理课件Language pointsn1. dilemma e.g. The doctor faced a dilemma as whether he should

15、tell the patient the truth or not. The president finds himself in a dilemma over how to tackle the crisis.nsynonym predicament整理课件n2. prioritync something that is regarded as more important than others n Education is a top priority. Our first priority is to improve standards. Financial security was

16、high on his list of priorities. You need to get your priorities right. (American English) You need to get your priorities straight. 2) u priority (over something) high or top place among various things to be doneClub members will be given priority.The search for a new vaccine will take priority over

17、 all other medical research.1)prioritize v. : to put tasks, etc. in order of importance整理课件n3. misgiving : doubt, distrust, or fear, esp. about a future eventnThe plan seemed utterly impractical and I was filled with misgiving about it.Translate: 我对是否接受那份工作顾虑重重。I have serious misgivings about taking

18、 that job.整理课件n4. crowd out to keep out for lack of spacee.g. Pressure on study space has crowded out new students from many university libraries.The article was crowded out of yesterdays edition.n prevent sb/sth from operating successfullyTranslate: 小商店受到大超市不断排挤。Small shops are being crowded out by

19、 the bigsupermarkets.整理课件n5. He didnt realize how hard his maxim hit. It often returns to haunt and rebuke me by raising the critical problem of priorities. (Para. 4)nrebuke：to speak angrily toe.g. He was rebuked for cheating.Paraphrase:He did not realize what an impact his words had on me. They oft

20、en return to my mind and reproach me with the grave problem of priorities.整理课件Part 3（P6）nQs:n1 ) Why does the author say: A mans home is no longer his castle?n2）What does tyranny of the urgent mean?整理课件ReferencenA1: A castle is a strongly-built building against attacks, especially as in former times

21、. In old days, one might be kept away from all the worries about work once he was back home. But in modem times, with the development of telecommunication, one can hardly avoid being interrupted even when he is at home.整理课件nA2: The tyranny of the urgent implies that the urgent things outweigh everyt

22、hing else. As people tend to give priorities to things that are urgent, they are likely to neglect things that are important, but less urgent.整理课件n1. breach to break (a promise, agreement, etc.); to make a gap ine.g. The government is accused of breaching the terms of the treaty. breach the enemy de

23、fencesnbreach n. (please refer to dictionary)整理课件n2. imperious (too) commanding; expecting obedience from othersnan imperious gesture/look/command n傲慢的姿势、飞扬跋扈的样子、专横的命令整理课件n3. devour to use up all of something; to eat hungrily or greedily; destroynHer job devours all her energy.nHe devoured half of h

24、is burger in one bite. n fig She devoured the new detective story.Translate: 大火吞噬了大片森林。n fig Fire devoured a huge area of forest.整理课件n4. But in the light of times perspective their deceptive prominence fades; with a sense of loss we recall the important tasks pushed aside.nin the light of in view of

25、, consideringnIn the light of recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their personal belongings.nprominence the fact or quality of being well-known and importantnMessi came to prominence during the World Cup in Germany.nMost of the papers give prominence to the same

26、story.整理课件Paraphrase:nBut from a long-term perspective, they no longer seem to be important as they promised, and we suffer from a sense of loss when we recall those important tasks left undone.整理课件Organization of the textThesis: We should not let the urgent matters take priority over important ones

27、.Supporting idea 1: The prolongation of the day would not help us finish all our work. (evidence)Supporting idea 2: The root cause of our failure to complete all the tasks is not shortage of time, but the critical problem of priorities. (evidence)Conclusion: We need to see through the deceptive appe

28、arance of the urgent tasks and focus our attention and energy on the important ones.整理课件Rhetorical features:nParallelism:n So we find ourselves working more and enjoying it less ( Paragraph 2 ); nwe have left undone those things, which we ought to have done; and we have done those things which we ou

29、ght not to have done ( Paragraph 3).整理课件Parallelism(1)nParallelism:nParallelism or parallel construction is used for the expression of similar thoughts in a balanced way. By “balanced way” is meant a balanced, or coordinated arrangement of grammatical structures. Here are some ways in which parallel

30、 construction are formed.整理课件Parallelism(2)n1. words related in meaning and belonging to the same grammatical category are joined together in phrases, e.g.,nsugar and salt walking or runningnneither hungry nor cold firm but kindly整理课件Parallelism(3)n2 The grammatical structure are kept in balance, e.

31、g.nShe likes going to the country and having picnics there.n or, nShe likes to go to the country and to have picnics there.n but not,nShe likes going to the country and to have picnics there.整理课件Parallelism(4)n3 Similar structures are arranged in a series, following the same trend of thought, e.g.,n

32、The roads have been made broader, the buildings have been built higher, and the whole town has been improved a great deal.nAt school, I learn from teachers. At home, I learn from my parents. nI love singing. I love dancing. But I love cooking best of all. 整理课件Parallelism(5)nParallelism can make sent

33、ences clear, forceful, lively, and effective.nParallel constructions are usually linked by coordinating conjunctions such as:nand but nor ornbothand eitherornneithernor. not onlybut also整理课件Phrasesn(P2) catch up (on/with something): to spend time or efforts doing something that you have had not time

34、 to do properly until now.nHe shut himself away for a month to catch up on his academic work.ncatch up (with somebody): to reach somebody in front of you by walking faster; to reach the same standard or level as they are.整理课件(P3) apart from1) It is used to refer to something, often something small o

35、r unimportant, which is an exception to the general situation or state of affairs. = excepting for 除了除了以外（别无）；除去以外（别无）；除去 nShe had no money, apart from the five pounds that Christopher had given her.nApart from his nose he is quite good-looking.2) In addition to除了除了以外（尚有）；不止以外（尚有）；不止 nApart from the

36、 injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.整理课件nA relationship between ideas of approximately equal importance.nIn English, there are three basic coordinators: and, or, but. Other familiar coordinators are yet, so, bothand, not onlybut (also), eitheror, neithernor, etc.nMost declarative sentences are in normal order. Those beginning with then, there, here, so (meaning “in the same way”, “also”), neither, nor (meaning “also not”), never, little, often, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, thus, no sooner(than), etc., are usually in invert