考研英语核心词汇速成胜经31

1、考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 30 一、真题文章 ( 1994年text 5 ) Discoveries in science and technology are thought by untaught minds to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉 ) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for p

2、enicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more f

3、requently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal -and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously

4、on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions , professional innovators see as solid possibilities. Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there s no particular virtue in doing things the way they

5、have always been done, wrote Rudolph Flesch , a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient : How come nobody thought of that before? The creative approach begins with the proposit

6、ion that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparentlysimplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easi

7、er in the long run and are boundto be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. 二、译文 一些不了解情况的人认为科学技术的发现来自盲目的灵感或者是戏剧性的意外事故的结果。但Alexander Fleming并不像传说中的那样，看着奶酪上长出的霉，在那一瞬间就想到了青霉素。在这一发现之前，他已经花了九年的时间实验抗生素物质。发明创造几乎总

8、是来自辛勤的实验和不断的错误之后。创造就像踢足球，即使最好的球员也会失球，并且球被堵射的机会总是比进球的机会要频繁的多。 比赛中得分最多的球员正是那些射门次数最多的任何领域中的发明创造也都是这样的。发明家与其他人的主要区别在于方法的不同，每个人都会有些想法，但发明家有意识的试验自己的想法，直到最终证明可行或不可行。而普通人认为是奇思怪想的东西，在职业发明家的眼里也许就是极大的可能。 语言学权威Rudolph Flesch曾写道：“创造性思维的含义也许就是认识到没有必要总是循规蹈矩的做事情。”这道出了我们对一些发明的反应，如塑料垃圾和带轮子的行李箱，它们外表简单，但给我们的生活却带来了极大的方便

9、，我们总是想“为什么以前没有人想到呢？” 创造性源自于认为事情并不像它们表现出来的那样。发明家从不认为做一件事情的方法只有一种。普通人在面临A到B的问题时会自动采取最为人熟悉、并且从表面上看来是最简单的路线。而发明家则会寻找其他路径，这种可能从长远看来更加简单，而且即使这种可能让人走入了死胡同，也是非常有趣和富有挑战性的。 具有创新思维的人的确有与众不同的想法。 三、考研核心词汇 technology / tek5nClEdVi / n. 技术,工艺,工程,方法制造，例Science and technology is the symbol of the modern society . 科技

10、是现代社会的标志。 派生 technological / 7teknE5lCdVikEl / adj. 科技的technologist / tek5nClEdVist / n.技术专家,工艺学家,工艺人员 dramatic / drE5mAtik / adj. 戏剧性的,动人的例 The mountains , blue green glaciers, and other dramatic sights are attracting more and more tourists each year .连绵的山峦，翠绿的冰川，以及其他许多惊心动魄的景色年年吸引着越来越多的游客。同义 signif

11、icant ,noticeable派生drama / 5drB:mE / n. (在舞台上演的)戏剧,戏剧艺术 dramatics / drE5mAtiks / n.业余演出(或创作的)戏剧,戏剧效果 legend / 5ledVEnd / n. 传说,传奇，伟人传；图例例He is a legendin his own lifetime for his scientific discoveries . 他在他那时代是科学发明界的传奇人物。派生legendary / 5ledVEndEri / n.传奇故事书,传奇文学 adj.传说中的 mold / mEuld /n.1模子,铸型2霉3性格,

12、气质vt.浇铸,塑造例 He is cast in his fathers mold. 他长得和他父亲一模一样。派生moldy / 5mEJldI / adj. 发霉的,腐臭的 antibacterial / 5AntibAk5tiEriEl / adj. 抗菌的 n. 抗菌药例The chemist experimented for many times and at last he discovered the antibacterialsubstances.这个药剂师实验了很多次，最终发现了这些抗菌物质。 innovation / 7inEu5veiFEn / n. 创新,革新,改革,新

13、发明例The innovationof air travel during this century has made the world seem smaller.本世纪发明的空中飞行似乎使世界变小了。派生innovate / 5inEuveit /vi.改革,创新innovative / InEJveItIv/ adj.创新的,革新(主义)的 soccer / 5sCkE / n. 英式足球例 Socceris a popular game played between 2 teams of 11 players whokick or touch a round ball without

14、using the arms or hands .足球是一种非常受欢迎的运动，比赛双方由11名球员组成，球员不得用手或胳膊触碰球。同义football / 5futbC:l /n.足球,橄榄球 prime / praim / n. 最初,青春,精华 adj. 1主要的,最初的,有青春活力的2最好的 v. 1预先准备好, 让人吃(喝)足2灌注,填装例 1灌注： They primed the lamp with oil. 他们为灯加满了油。 2最好：Spring is the prime time for planting trees. 春天是植树的最好时间。派生 primely / praIm

15、lI / adv. 最初,最好地,极好地同义 chief ,leading ,main , principal反义 subordinate approach / E5prEutF / n.1接近,逼近,走进2方法,步骤,途径,通路 vt. 1接近2动手处理 vi .靠近例 1接近：The performance approaches perfection.表演近乎完美 2方法：The approach is perfect.这是一个完美的方案。同义 reach, come near反义 separate ,part consciously / 5kCnFEs li / adv. 有意识地,自觉

16、地例He was badly hurt and could not think consciously.他伤的很重不能有意识的想问题。派生conscious / 5kCnFEs / adj. 知道的， 意识到的有知觉的； 处于清醒状态的 fanciful / 5fAnsiful / adj. 爱空想的,奇怪的,稀奇的,想像的例Your idea is rather fanciful.你的想法颇为虚悬。派生fancy / 5fAnsi / adj. 奇特的,异样的 vt. 想象,设想,认为,爱好,自负 n.爱好,迷恋,想象力 abstraction / Ab5strAkFEn / n.1抽象概念

17、2提取,萃取,抽出3不切实际的观念4出神5引水,抽血例The idea of redness is an abstraction. 红色概念是一种抽象概念。派生abstract / 5AbstrAkt / n. 摘要,概要,抽象 adj.抽象的,深奥的,理论的vt.摘要,提炼,抽象化abstractionism / AbstrAkFEnIzEm / n.【美】抽象主义;抽象派艺术 professional / prE5feFEnl / n.自由职业者,专业人员,职业运动员,职业艺人adj.专业的,职业的 例A lawyer is a professional man. 律师是从事专门职业的人。

18、同义 occupational, vocational反义 amateur派生profession / prE5feFEn / n. 职业,专业,表白,宣布 virtue / 5vE:tju: / n. 德行,美德,优点例Honesty is a virtue. 诚实是一种美德。同义 morality, merit, goodness反义 vice派生virtuous / 5vE:tjuEs / adj.善良的,有道德的,贞洁的,有效力的固定搭配by virtue of由于；靠的力量(= in virtue of)；woman of easy virtue（和许多男人发生性关系的）水性女子；

19、authority / C:5WCriti/ n. 权威；权威人士；著作权威例Deputies were given authority to make arrests. 代表们被授予拘捕权同义 right, power派生authorization / 7C:WErai5zeiFEn / n.授权,认可authorize / 5C:WEraIz / v.批准 authorized / 5C:WEraIzd / adj. 权威认可的,审定的,经授权的 plastic / 5plAstik, plB:stik / n.1塑胶,可塑体,塑料制品2整形 adj.塑胶的,塑造的,有可塑性的,造形的例

20、plastic cups 塑料杯 plastic surgery 整形外科 garbage / 5B:bidV / n.垃圾,废物例Their advice turned out to be nothing but garbage.他们的意见仅仅是废话同义junk, litter, refuse, rubbish, trash, waste proposition / 7prCpE5ziFEn / n. 主张,建议；问题 vi.提议,建议例Finding an affordable apartment will be a difficult proposition.要找到一间付得起的公寓是件难

21、事同义 suggestion派生propose / prE5pEuz / vt.计划,建议,向.提议,求(婚)vi.打算,求婚 apparently / E5pArEntlI / adv. 显然地,明白;外观上地例I wasnt there , but apparently she tried to drown him . 我当时并不在场，不过她显然想把他淹死。同义 evidently alternate / C:l5tE:nit / adj. 交替的,轮流的； 预备的 v. 交替,轮流,改变例His life seems very dull and alternates between wo

22、rk and sleep.他的生活似乎很枯燥,就是工作完了睡觉,睡完觉又工作。同义 periodic ,rotate , change反义 consecutive, successive, sequent派生alternation / 7C:ltE:5neiFEn / n.交替,轮流,间隔alternative / C:l5tE:nEtiv / n.二中择一,可供选择的办法,事物 adj.选择性的,二中择一的 bound / baund / n. 跃进,跳,范围,限度 adj. 正要启程的,开往去的,被束缚的,装订的 v. 跳跃,限制例1跳：His heart bounded with exc

23、itement. 他兴奋得心头砰砰直跳。2限度Our joy knew no bounds. 我们快乐无比。同义 jump, leap固定搭配be bound to必定,一定；be bound up in热心于,专心致志于；be bound up with与有密切联系;与利益一致； 四、强化练习 1. His character has been _ more by his experiences in life than by the education he got at school .A. beheld B. harnessed C. molded D. condensed2. _ in factories sometimes cause industrial troubles .A. Processes B. Motivation C. Exclusion D. Innovations3. I was attracted by a very _ woman with flashing eyes and a long black dress.A. drastic B. consistent C. dramatic D. implicit4. His book presents a new _ to the difficulty . A.