高二英语学案units

1、高中二年级英语学案Units 9-10 (B2)【知识网络】一、重点词汇与短语1stress（1）stress作 “强调; 着重”解时是及物动词, 可以构成被动语态. 例如: Mum stressed that Jacky should be home by ten oclock.妈妈强调, 杰基一定要在十点钟之前回家.（2）stress作名词表示: “重音; 重读”之意时, 一般为可数名词, 可以在前面加不定冠词., 其复数形式为stresses. 后接介词on. 例如: The stress is on the first part of the word.这个词的重音在前半部（3）str

2、ess作名词表示 “压力; 压迫”之意时 既可为可数名词也可为不可数名词. 例如: His vacation freed him from the stress of his job.他的假期使他消除了工作所带来的紧张（4）同义词: pressure n压力 反义词: moderate v.缓和2如何表达 “不但而且”?英语中表达 “不但而且” 可以用以下几种方式: not only but (also); not just but (also); not merely butas well; not only too.例如: “他不仅是一个诗人,而且是一位画家。”一句可以有多种翻译：He i

3、s not only a poet but (also) an artist.He is not just a poet but (also) an artist.He is not merely a poet but an artist as well.He is not only a poet but an artist, too.3as if/though好像; 似乎 as if/though是从属连词, 引导方式状语从句或表语从句, 在使用时应注意:（1）as if/though引导的从句所表示的情况不是事实, 而且如果是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时, 谓语动词通常用虚拟语气. 例如:

4、The speaks English as if he were an Englishman. 他说起英语来, 好像是英国人似的 The machine works as though it were operated by a man.这台机器工作起来就好像有人操作一样.（2）常与feel, seem, look连用, 等于连词that, 其主语一般是it, 如果表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性, 谓语动词通常用陈述语气. 例如:We have missed the bus. It looks as if we will have to walk.我们没有赶上公共汽车, 看来我们得步行了.

5、（3）后面可接现在分词, 过去分词, 不定式或形容词等短语, 这类结构实际上是一个省略从句. 例如:He cleared his throat as though to say something (=as though he were to say something).他清了清嗓子, 好像要说什么似的The woman set upon the thief as if mad (=as if she were mad)那妇女发疯似地扑向小偷.二、词义辨析1subject, theme, title和topic（1）subject指 “题目; 课题”, 用途很广. 多指讨论,研究的对象. 例

6、如: “Laser processing” is the subject of the seminar.课堂讨论的题目是 “激光处理”.（2）theme “主题”, 一般指文学作品, 音乐作品等的主题. 例如:Love is a major theme of his poetry. 他的诗的一个重要主题是爱情.（3）title多指书籍等的 “标题”, 一般用于具体印刷或发行的文学作品, 书籍, 影片等. 例如:The full title of the book is gone with the Wind.这本书的全名是飘. title有时当 “称号”讲. 例如:He deserves the

7、 title poet, labour hero, etc.他配称为诗人, 劳动英雄等（4）topic “题目”, 特别指谈话, 讨论. 演讲, 作文等的题目. 例如:Thats not a fit topic on the talk.这个报告的题目欠妥.2asleep, sleeping和sleepy的区别这组词的共同意思是 “睡”. 其区别是: （1）asleep和sleepy主要用作表语, asleep的意思是 “睡着的; 而sleepy的意思是 “想睡的”. 例如:The army attacked at night when the enemy was asleep.在夜间敌人熟睡时

8、军队发起了攻击.The child was sleepy, his head was nodding.这孩子太困了, 他正在打盹.（2）用作定语时, asleep和sleeping表示 “睡着的”; asleep常后置, 当其前有修饰语时也可前置; sleeping一般前置; sleepy用作定语时意思是 “想睡的, 昏昏欲睡的”. 例如:The man asleep is much ill.睡着的那个人病得很重.Those fast asleep people were waked up by the terrible screams.熟睡着的人们都被可怕的尖叫声吵醒了.She looked

9、 at the sleeping boy.她看着那个睡着的男孩.That sleepy fellow seems to have a lot to say.那个贪睡的家伙似乎有很多话要说.三、重点句型1And if poverty is less of a problem and people are better educated, there is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars. 如果贫穷的问题有所改善, 如果人民能受到更好的教育, 我们身边的暴力和战争就会减少.there is a chance t

10、hat是一固定句式, 意为 “有可能会”, 此时chance是可数名词, 作 “可能；可能性”解.如:There is a good chance that our team will win the game.与此句式意义相同的还有:Chances are that. 如:Chances are that he has already arrived.less violence and fewer wars更少的暴力和更少的战争, 其中的less修饰不可数名词, fewer修饰复数名词. 如:Id like to do the work with less money and fewer p

11、eople.2Without international cooperation, developing countries cannot proper, nor will sustainable development be possible. 没有国际合作, 发展中国家就不能繁荣起来, 可持续发展也就会成为不可能.nor引出一个分句, 分句的谓语动词要用部分倒装, 该分句常放在一个否定句后, 意为 “也不; 也没有”. 如:I dont know about it, nor do I care.注 在现代英语中，nor引出的分句也可放在一个肯定句后。3He looked more asle

12、ep than dead. 他看上去像是睡着了, 而不像是死了. morethan此处作连词使用, 可以连接两个形容词, 意为 “是, 而不是; 与其说是, 不如说是”, 用以比较两种说法的正确程度, 表示前一种说法比后一种说法更正确一些.I was more angry than frightened.注 此时, “more +形容词” 不能以 “形容词加-er后缀形式”出现. 例如不能说:I was angrier than frightened. 四、语法复习(一) 倒装句 倒装有两种情况: 部分倒装(助动词提前放在主语之前)和完全倒装(主语和谓语完全倒置).人们使用倒装句,一是为了句子

13、的需要; 二是为了语法结构的需要.1全部倒装（1）here, there, now, then等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词. 如:Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.（2）表示运动方向的副词(out, in, up, down, away)开头的句子, 以示强调. 如:Out rushed the children.Away went the boy.但主语是人称代词时, 主语和谓语的语序不变. 如:Away she went.（3）介词短语作状语提前放句首, 采用全部倒装.

14、如:Around his neck was a brown snake.At the front of the hall sat the headmaster.2部分倒装（1）句首为否定或半否定的词, 如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until等. 如:Never have I seen such a performance.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当not until引出主从复合句, 主句倒

15、装, 从句不倒装.注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装（2） so, neither, nor等词放句首, 部分倒装. 如:He likes volleyball very much. So do I.I have never been abroad. Neither has he.（3） only所修饰的副词, 介词短语或状语从句放在句首时, 部分倒装. 如:Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.（4）在there be

16、结构中There will be a basketball match this afternoon.（5）直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时, 有时也用倒装. 如:“It looks as if a typhoon is coming on,” said the captain.（6）在虚拟语气条件中, 谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if省略, 把 were, had, should移到主语之前, 采用部分倒装. 如:Were I you, I would try again.（7） as, though引导的倒装句, 进行倒装时, 必须将表语或状语提前, 但需注意,

17、句首名词不带任何冠词. 如:Young as he is, he is very brave.（8）在sothat句型中的so位于句首时, 需倒装. 如:So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.（9）某些表示祝愿的句型中. 如：May you all be happy.（二） 省略句1省略句的定义省略是为了避免重复, 突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段. 省略在语言中, 尤其在对话中, 是一种十分普遍的现象.2省略的应用（1）在由and连接的句子中, 为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组.1).省略共同的主语

18、或宾语. 如:Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman2).若主语不同而谓语助动词, 情态动词相同, 则省略后面的助动词或情态动词, 如:Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.3).若主语与谓语动词相同, 则省略后面的主谓成分.如:His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.4).若

19、主语不同, 但主要动词及后续部分相同, 则省略主要动词及后续部分. 如:I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1989.5)省略重复的介词, 连词及后续部分. 如:He was late because he had overslept and (because he had) missed the train.（1）省略介词1)一些常用的动词, 名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略, 而保留其后的动名词. 常见句型有:spend/waste time (in) doing, have difficulty/tro

20、uble (in) doing, its no use/good (in) doing, be busy (in) doing, stop/prevent sb (from) doing, 如:He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons.2)表示时间的介词at, on和in用在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some, all等词之前, 一般都省略; 表示一段时间的时间状语之前的for也可省略. 如:We have been here (

21、for) three years. (否定句中不可省略)He did it (in) this way.3动词不定式省略, 只保留to的场合（1）不定式动作某些动词的宾语时. 常见动词如: like, love, care, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, persuade, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, manage等. 如:You can do it in this way if you like to.（2）不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾语或主语补足语时. 常见动词如:ask, t

22、ell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, expect, order, warn等。如:She wants to come but her parents wont allow her to.（3）不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时. 常见形容词如:happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等. 如:I think she should get a job, but you cant force her of shes not ready to.（4）不定式作某些复合谓语时. 常见结构如:be

23、 able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等. 如:He doesnt like fish but he used to.4动词不定式符号to的省略（1）主语部分有to do, 系动词是is或was时, 作表语的不定式常省略to. 如:The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button.（2）作介词but, expect, besides的宾语时, 前面有实义动词do时, 常省略不定式符号to. 如:Tom had nothing to do besides answer lett

24、ers this morning.（3）当两个或多个不定式并列时, 其后的不定式符号可省略, 但有对比关系时则不省略. 如:It is easier to make a plan than (to) carry it out.（4）主语部分暗含to do, 表示中的不定式符号to可省略. 如:All I want (to do) is (to) go to school and study hard.（5）在would rather (not) do, had better (not) do等结构中, 不定式也不带to. 如:I would rather stay at home than g

25、o to the cinema.（6）在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, feel, let, make, have等词后作宾补时, 省略 . 如:Did you notice her enter the room?5状语从句中的省略（1）在when, while, whenever, though, as if等引导的状语从句中, 若谓语有be., 主语跟主句主语相同或同是it时, 则从句的主语和 be常被省略. 如:Whenever possible, he will come to help.（2）虚拟条件句常省略if, 将were, had, s

26、hould提前构成部分倒装. 如:Should there be a flood, what should we do?6定语从句与名词性从句的省略（1）在限制性定语从句中, 作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that常可省略. 如:The girl (whom/that) the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying.（2）在know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide等动词后接宾语从句时, 连词that可省略; 或带有多个宾语从句, 只有第一个that可省略, 其于的不能. 如:He sa

27、id (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.（3）由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句, 可全部或部分省略. 如:He will come back, but he doesnt know when (he) will come back).（4）在suggest, insist, request等词相关的名词性从句中, 须用should+动词原形,s hould可省略. 如:It is suggested that we (should) go to s

28、ee the film.7复合句中的特殊省略现象（1）主句省略多用于句首. 如:(It is a pity) That I didnt go to Marys birthday party yesterday.(It there) Anything I can do for you?（2）省略一个从句或从句的一部分, 可用so或not代替. 如:-It he feeling better today?-Im afraid not.（3）比较级的省略. 在含有比较级的句子中, 为避免重复, 常把表示同级比较的as或比较级的than连同它们后面的部分省略, 但as或than后带有主语或宾语, 则不

29、能省略. 如:How beautifully she sings! Ive never heard a better voice (than that of hers).8会话中的省略会话中的省略最常见, 会话中可省略主语, 宾语, 表语, 谓语甚至整个主句. 如:(It) Sounds reasonable, isnt it?(Come) This way, please-Do you like the book?-Yes, (I like the book) very much.【考点透视 考例精析】考点 while, when 用作连词引导时间状语从句。考例1 Dont be afrai

30、d of asking for help _ it is needed. Aunless Bsince Calthough Dwhen点拨 选D。when “当的时候”.根据句意, 由when引导时间状语从句符合语境.考例2 We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. Awhen Bwhile Cuntil Dbefore点拨 选A. when 和while 都有 “当 的时候” 的意思, 都可以引导时间状语从句.有时可以互换使用.但是,表示 “正在做某事,突然发生另一件事”, 这种语境中要用when, 不用while.

31、例如:Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _ she was bitten on the leg by a lion. (上海 2004)A when Bwhile CsinceDonce 答案为: A.考点 more than 超过, 比 多; not more than 不超过; no more than 仅仅, 只不过; asas 和 一样; not as/ soas 和 不一样.考例3 He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native s

32、peaker. Aas fluent asBmore fluent thanCso fluently asDmuch fluently than 点拨 选C. A,B选项没用副词形式.D项没用比较级形式.【基础演练】一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。1The manager of the company should do something to prevent sucha thing 0 _again. 2The experiment was i _ because the water supply was cut off. 3Jack was punished

33、 for the broken vase, t _ no fault of his own. 4The letter is wrongly a _so it cant reach the receiver. 5Smoking is s _forbidden in chemical factories and gas stations. 6Oh, God! The old mans fallen off his bicycle. _ (希望) hes not badly hurt. 7In those days, you had to _ (摇) a handle to produce enou

34、gh electricity to make your phone call. 8The wedding party was delayed because of the late _ (到达) of the minister who would marry the new couple. 9There being 100 students singing at the concert, youd better have a _ (指挥) to keep them in time. 10So _ (决心) was the disabled young man to study that a m

35、ixed university offered him an entrance prize. 二、单项填空1She never went again, _to apologize.Aor she ever wrote Bnor did she writeCnor she ever wrote Dor did she write2They have been trying to arrive at a practical solution _the problem. Ain B to Con D with3If there were _traffic on the streets, _death

36、s would be caused. Aless; less Bfewer; fewer Cless; fewer Dfewer; less4He used to have a dictionary close _when he read newspapers or magazines. Aby hand B with hand Cat hand D in hand5They urged that the library _open during the vacation Awas kept Bwould be kept Cis kept Dbe kept6We were at _work i

37、n the workshop when, all of _sudden, the lights went out. A不填; 不填 Bthe; 不填 C不填; a Dthe; the7She glanced about now and then _to make sure she was not being followed. Aso that Bas though Ceven if Din case8We must get to the airport in half an hour. Please order a car _ready at once. Amake Bmade C to m

38、ake Dmaking9Only then_ how much damage had been caused. 06 全国卷Ashe realized Bshe had realizedChad she realized Ddid she realize10When you are reading fast, your eyes will be one or two word groups ahead of _your mind is taking in. Aothers Bthe others Cone Dthe one【能力拓展】完形填空：My first job was in what

39、they call the city center. The 1 was large, dark and old 2 the physics lecture room was on the second floor. 3 , it wasnt a lecture room at all, it was an ordinary room, but it had “LECTURE ROOM” on the 4 . The students were sixteen or seventeen years old, 5 several years younger than me. 6 , some o

40、f them looked and acted 7 older than me sometimes.The room was directly 8 the street, and had the window looking out over the street and many houses. One day, I was 9 some work on the blackboard when I heard a sudden change in the noise behind me. There was a man standing in the room with 10 an appl

41、e in his hand. He looked 11 .“Who threw this?” he asked, looking round the class.“I beg your pardon?” I said. Was this the school inspector(督学)? 12 threw this apple out of the window,” he said. “It 13 on my car.”“Who threw an apple out of the window?” I 14 to the class. There was no answer.“I 15 the

42、 fellow who threw this.” said the man. “I 16 outside for you.” And then he left, slamming the door. 17 was silence and I continued with the lesson. At the end of every lesson, a bell rang, usually the class were all 18 before it finished ringing, leaving me saying “Thats all for today” to an empty 1

43、9 .This time, when the bell went for the end of the lesson, no one 20 . “Thats all for today,” I said.“You go first, sir.” said one of the boys. It made a nice change, being first out.1Aroom B building Cfloor D city2A and B as C so D but3AHappily BLuckily C Properly D Actually4 A floor Bground C door D window5 Aover Bonly C up D almost6 AIn fact B In the end C After all D As a result7 A more B less Cvery Deven8 Aon B above Cbelow Din9 A getting Bma