2017初中英语代词讲解

1、人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词相互代词相互代词疑问代词疑问代词不定代词不定代词一一.概念概念二、分类二、分类: 按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：主格主格I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they, 宾格宾格 me, you, her, him, it, us, you, themadj性性 my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their, n性性 mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, yours, theirs myself, yo

2、urself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneselfthis, that, these, those, each other, one another who, whom, which, whose, what代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替上文中提到过代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替上文中提到过的人或物。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。的人或物。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。some, any, many , much, each , every,something 等 注意： He

3、 teaches us P.E. 教某人教某人 用宾格用宾格1.人称代词人称代词主格主格:I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they, 宾格宾格: me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them1).用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。 在省略谓语的句子中在省略谓语的句子中, 用作主语的人称代词常用宾格用作主语的人称代词常用宾格The Kings are music-lovers. They often go to the concert.Nancy is a P.E teacher. Ive

4、known her for years.A: Does any one know Susans e-mail address? / Who is on duty today? / Who has been to Japan?B: Me. 在用在用 than、as表示比较的句子中用主格表示比较的句子中用主格,宾格都可以宾格都可以 He is taller than me /I . I can run as fast as he/him. 2)两个以上的人称代词并列时两个以上的人称代词并列时,其次序排列原则其次序排列原则: 二二+名词名词 +三三+一人称一人称. “我我”总是放在最后总是放在最后,

5、 在并列主语中在并列主语中,排列顺序排列顺序为为: you, she/he and I, 并列宾格并列宾格: you, her/ him and me, You, she and I have a chance to go to the USA. Mr. Li asked you, Tom and me to clean the windows. it 的用法的用法:1).代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物2) 表示性别不明显的婴儿表示性别不明显的婴儿3)指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只闻其声未见或只闻其声未见

6、 其人的其人的, 非活生生的具体真人。非活生生的具体真人。4)指代天气、时间、距离指代天气、时间、距离 A: Whos the man beside you in the photo?B: Its my cousin Henry.A: Someone is knocking at the door, Who can it be?B: its Mike. I warned him not to smoke, but it didnt help.Look at the baby, its so cute/lovely.It is Wednesday today. It never rains bu

7、t it pours !It is ten minutes walk from my house to the park.It is fifteen years since he came to Shanghai.6)在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语It is important for us to learn English well. It is kind/nice of you to help me with my math.I find/think it useful to read English every day. make it （口语）

8、获得成功; take it easy 从容，不着急 It takes me ten minutes to go to school on foot.2.物主代词物主代词形容词性形容词性: my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their, 名词性名词性 : mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, yours, theirs adj 物主代词属于限定词物主代词属于限定词, 后面必须有后面必须有n, 只能作定语。只能作定语。 n 性物主代词在用法上相当于性物主代词在用法上相当于 “adj 词性物主代词词性物主代词+n” 既有表示既有表

9、示所属所属的作用又有的作用又有指代指代作用，作用， This isnt _(she) pen. _(she) looks newer and cleaner.主语I lost _(I ) bike, Can I use _(you).宾语Look for _(you) keys in your bag, not in _(I).herShemyyoursyourmine含有物主代词的词组含有物主代词的词组 on ones own=by oneself 独立地，独自地try / do ones best to do sth竭尽全力做某事lose ones way. 迷路in ones forti

10、es/ fifties 在某人40 / 50来岁的时候do ones homework 做作业；in ones free/ spare time 在某人的闲暇时光to ones surprise/disappointment令某人惊讶/失望的是1).作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 Behave yourselves, children !We enjoyed ourselves =had a good time last night.Please help yourself to some fish, Lora. 2).作介词的宾语作介词的宾语Shes very angry with herself

11、 for her carelessness. 3). 作同位语，起强调作用作同位语，起强调作用The book itself is good, but it isnt suitable for you.The boy himself is not bad although he is naughty. 3.反身代词反身代词myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneselfenjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得开心teach oneself sth

12、 =learn sth by oneself 自学buy oneself sth=buy sth for oneself 为自己买hurt oneself 弄伤自己; dress oneself (up) 穿衣(打扮) Help yourself to some随便吃/ 喝点.(说话对像一人）Help yourselves to some (说话对像两个及以上）make oneself understood 让别人明白/理解自己by oneself =on ones own 独自地;独立地 一些常见的包含反身代词的词组一些常见的包含反身代词的词组131. Those girls enjoyed

13、 _ in the party last night. A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself 2. Help _ to some fish, children. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves3. The film _ is very fun. A. its B. itself C. it D. its 4. Who teaches _ math? I teach _. A. your, myself B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself 5. The

14、 father will make _ a bike _. A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself CDBBA146. The scarf is _, she made it_. A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself 7. Liu Hulans death was great. She thought more of others than _. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself 8

15、. Luckily, he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday. A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they 9. I cant mend my shoe _. Can you mend it for ? A. myself, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me10. I like watching in the mirror. A. me B. I C. my D. myself 指示代词的句法功能指示代词的句法功能: 作主语、宾语、介词宾语作主语、宾语、介词宾语: 4.指示代词指示代词:this

16、 , these 一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that, those 常指时间或空间较远的人或物。常指时间或空间较远的人或物。1 This is the best way to do learn English. 2 I like this better than that.3 I dont want to talk about that.4.that 常用在形容词比较级中，代替前面提到的不可数常用在形容词比较级中，代替前面提到的不可数名词，单数名词名词，单数名词 ；复数用；复数用those(复数复数n); The traffic on Humin Road

17、 is heavier than that on Guilin R. The weather in Beijing is drier than that in Shanghai.The book on the desk is as new as the one / that on the shelf.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. 3.打电话时打电话时“你你” “我我” 不用不用“you” “I ” 而要用而要用 that, this, A: Who is that? B: This is Lily speaking.

18、指示代词还可作限定词指示代词还可作限定词:That boy is Bob. These trees are ours. this morning / afternoon /evening / week / month / Wednesday / autumn / year / term this time, this way17 （ ） 1.The weather in Beijing is much colder than_in Chongqing. A. this B. that C. these D. those （ ）2. _ pen is red. _ pencil is green

19、. A. this, that B. These, Those C. That, Those D. This, That（ ）3. Is _ a panda over there? A. this B. that C. those D. these（ ）4. _ two girls are Mary and Linda. A. This B. They C. That D. Those（ ）5. _is Mr. White and _ is my father.A. This, those B. That, these C. These, these D. This, thisBDBDD18T

20、he end5.相互代词相互代词each other, one another each other指两个人指两个人/物之间物之间, one another指多个之间指多个之间, 但但 each other 常用来代替常用来代替 one another相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语 相互代词可加相互代词可加-s构成所有格，例如：构成所有格，例如：People should care about and help each other /one another.Trees can communicate with each other. Ann and Jane o

21、ften share snacks with each other Although theyve talked for five hours, they dont know each others names. *7.关系代词关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括 who, whom, which, whose, that, .用于指人用于指人 : who whom, that ; 用于指物用于指物 : which和that , whose 既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物; 主要有：主要有：由some, any, no和every构成合成代词，somethin

22、g, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, =someone, anybody-anyone, nobody=no one, everybody=everyone, 还有all, none any, each, every one, both, either, neither, one, ones, a few, few, many, a little, little, much, another, the other, others, the others, some, any, no等。8、不定代词、不定代词不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可

23、数和不可不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语只能作定语） 不定代词不定代词some, anymany, mucheach, every及练习及练习none, no one及练习及练习few, a few; little, a little练习练习either of, neither of, both ofboth.and, neither.nor, eitheror代词练习代词练习1-56-1011-1516-20some 与与 any 1

24、.some肯定句中肯定句中,“一些一些”、“某个某个” ,可修饰可数名词或可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。不可数名词。疑问句时疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。回答。I have some work to do today. They will go there some day.Would you like some coffee with sugar?May I ask you some questions?Could I have some milk?Do you want some juice? 2. any 用于疑问或否定句中用于疑问或否定句中, 当

25、变否定和疑问句当变否定和疑问句时，当时，当some改成改成any如：如：He had some friends here.He didnt have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友他们在这里没有朋友) 当any用于肯定句中，意思是“任何一个”, 后跟单数名词 I like any student here. Jane is taller than any other girl. many与与much many意思是意思是“很多很多”,与可数名词复数连用；与可数名词复数连用； much意思是意思是“很多很多”,与不可数名词连用。与不可数名词连用。 I dont have

26、 many friends here. We have much time. a few, a little, few, littlea few, a little, few, little表示肯定，表示肯定，“有有几个，有点几个，有点”表示否定，表示否定，“没多少，很没多少，很少少”后加名词后加名词a fewfew可数名词可数名词a littlelittle不可数名词不可数名词a little, much 还能修饰形容词比较级1.Although all the girls have tried their best , only _ pass the exam. A. few B. a f

27、ew C. a little2. Dont worry .There is _ time left . A. little B. a little C. few3. You are so great! _ people in the school can do it . A. A little B. Little C. Few(单击显示答案单击显示答案)each (1.常与常与of连用连用;2.后跟名后跟名词同词同every用法一样用法一样;3单独用单独用)every常加名词常加名词every day两两者或以上的每一个人或物者或以上的每一个人或物三三者或以上每一个人或物者或以上每一个人或物

28、every other 每隔每隔Eg: every other day 每隔一天每隔一天 = every two days(每两天）每两天） I gave them _ an apple. A. every B. each C. each of There is a line of trees on _ side of the street. Aevery Beach Cboth She goes shopping _ five days. A. every B. each C. each of 他隔天来这里。他隔天来这里。 He came here _ day.every othereach

29、, everyeach, everyeither of either of 两者两者之一之一+ +限定词限定词+ + 复数名词复数名词 them / usthem / us谓单谓单neither of neither of 两者两者都不都不谓单谓单both of both of 两者两者都都谓复谓复 _ of the girls _ him. They asked him for name card. A. Neither; know B. Either; know C. Neither; knows Both of his parents _ teachers. A. is B. are C

30、. was Both of his brothers _ in this hospital, but neither of them _ a doctor. A. works; is B. work; is C. work; areeither of, neither ofeither of, neither of与与both ofboth of(单击显示答案单击显示答案)bothand（谓语动词用复数形式）（谓语动词用复数形式） eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词遵循就近原则谓语动词遵循就近原则) Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two. Tom

31、和和 Lucy 都在二年级。都在二年级。 Either my father or my mother cooks at home. 或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。 Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都没空。我和他今天都没空。 Either Tom or the twins _ the way to the shop. A. know B. knows C. finds Neither you nor I _ a scientist. A. is B. are C. am Both Tom and Mary _ hard. A

32、. studies B. study C. studyingeither or either or 或者或者或者或者就近原则就近原则neither nor neither nor 两者两者都不都不both and both and 两者两者都都复数谓语复数谓语eitheror eitheror neithernor neithernor bothandbothand(单击显示答案单击显示答案) The students are all from Foshan . They _ like their city . A. both B. all C. either Lucy and Lily _

33、agree with us. A. all B. both C. neither How are your parents ? They are _ fine. A. both B. all C. noeitheror eitheror neithernor neithernor bothandbothand(单击显示答案单击显示答案)none none 与与 no one no one noneno one没有什么人没有什么人 / 物物“没有人没有人” 只能指人只能指人回答回答 how many 问句问句回答回答who问句问句none of + 复数名词复数名词 / them 谓语用单数谓语

34、用单数回答回答what问句问句nothing How many people are there in the room? _ . A. None B. No one C. Lucy Who is in the room? _. A. None B. No one C. oneWhat is in the room? A. none B. nothing C. no one 34another泛指“又一个，再一个”所以后面 跟单数名词。 例: another bus; another appleanother,后面如果用复数，结构是 “another+数词+名复”表示还要几个。 = “数词+m

35、ore +名复” 例： another five boys =five more boysanother用法：35the other有范围，加名词有范围，加名词the others 有范围，不再加名词有范围，不再加名词other没范围，加名词没范围，加名词others没范围，不再加名词没范围，不再加名词the other; the others; other; others 用法I have some pencils , one is black, and the others/the other pencils are red.(有范围)we should learn from others

36、/other people. (无范围)36one; the other用法 当总数是两个时，表示”一个.; 另一个.”.例: the old woman has two sons , one is a doctor, the other is a teacher.复合不定代词的用法复合不定代词的用法somebody 某人某人someone 某人某人something 某物，某事某物，某事anybody 任何人任何人anyone 任何人任何人Anything 任何事物任何事物nobody 没有人没有人no one 没有人没有人nothing 没有东西没有东西Everybody 每人每人Ever

37、yone 每人每人Everything 一切一切含-body的复合不定代词与含-one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用-body时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用-one时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。不定代词不定代词some, any, no, every与与-one, -body, -thing构成复合代词。我们称之为复合不定代词。我们称之为复合不定代词。1、something，someone，somebody通常通常用于用于肯定句肯定句中，中， 而而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于一般用于否定句否定句，疑问句疑问句或或条件状语从句条件

38、状语从句中。中。如：如： He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。情。Do you have anything to say ？你有话要说？你有话要说吗？吗？I cant meet anybody on the island. 在岛上，在岛上，我没遇见任何人。我没遇见任何人。2、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用以及表示反问的问句中，也用

39、something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词。等复合不定代词。如如:Would you like something to eat？要些吃？要些吃的东西吗？的东西吗？3、当、当anything表示表示“任何事（物），无论何事任何事（物），无论何事（物）（物）”，anyone，anybody表示表示“无论谁，无论谁，任何人任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。如：如：Anything is OK. 什么都行。什么都行。Anyone is OK. 任何人都可以。任何人都可以。3. 3. 复合复合不定代词不定代词都具有单数的含义，因此通常被

40、看成是都具有单数的含义，因此通常被看成是单数单数第三人称第三人称。当它们充当句子的。当它们充当句子的主语主语时，其后的时，其后的谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数形式形式。如：如：IsIs everyoneeveryone here today? here today? NothingNothing isis difficult if you put your heart into difficult if you put your heart into it.it.4.4.形容词修饰这些复合不定代词，必须放它们形容词修饰这些复合不定代词，必须放它们 后后面。面。如：如：Is there anyth

41、ing interesting on TV tonight? I have something important to tell you. 5.合与分的区别问题合与分的区别问题someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，都只能指人，且不且不和介词和介词of连用连用；some one，any one，every one则既可指人又可指物，可与介词则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of连用。连用。例如：例如：Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。-Which toy

42、 would you like? -Any one is OK. -你要那个玩你要那个玩复合不定代词练习题：复合不定代词练习题：选择题：( ) 1. Im hungry. I want _ to eat. A. anythingB. something C. everything D. nothing( ) 2. Do you have _ to say for yourself? No, I have _ to say. A. something; everything B. nothing; something C. everything; anything D. anything; no

43、thing( ) 3. Why not ask _ to help you? A. everyoneB. someone C. anyoneD. none( ) 4. Everything _ ready. We can start now. A. areB. isC. beD. wereBDBB( ) 5. Theres _ with his eyes. Hes OK. A. anything wrong B. wrong something C. nothing wrongD. wrong nothing( ) 6. The story is so amazing! Its the mos

44、t interesting story Ive ever read. But Im afraid it wont be liked by _. A. everybodyB. somebody C. anybody D. nobody( ) 7. She listened carefully, but heard _. A. anyoneB. someone C. everyoneD. nothing( ) 8. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A. everythingB. anything C. som

45、ethingD. nothingcADC（ ）11. _ of us is active in English class. A. Every B. Every one C. Everyone D. Anybody（ ）12. The exam was difficult, wasnt it? No，but I dont think_ could pass it. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybodyBD练习一：单项选择练习一：单项选择(单击显示答案单击显示答案)CBBCC1.1.Please send_ best wishes to Ma

46、ry.Please send_ best wishes to Mary. A. I B. me C. my D. mine A. I B. me C. my D. mine2. This is my book. _2. This is my book. _ _are over there._are over there. A. Your B. Yours C. You D. Mine A. Your B. Yours C. You D. Mine3. _ have a lot of homework to do.3. _ have a lot of homework to do. A. He,

47、 you and I B. You, he and I A. He, you and I B. You, he and I C. I, you and he D.I, he and you C. I, you and he D.I, he and you4. The man downstairs found _ very difficult to get 4. The man downstairs found _ very difficult to get to sleep.to sleep. A. that B. them C. it D. its A. that B. them C. it

48、 D. its5. -Hi, Jim. Is this your bike or Tom5. -Hi, Jim. Is this your bike or Toms?s? - It - Its mine, not_.s mine, not_. A. hers B. yours C. his D. him A. hers B. yours C. his D. him练习一：单项选择练习一：单项选择 (单击显示答案单击显示答案)6. Tom is here, and a friend of _ is here, too.6. Tom is here, and a friend of _ is he

49、re, too. A. his father B. his father A. his father B. his fathers s C. he C. hes father D. he fathers father D. he father7. Help _ to some fish, Jenny.7. Help _ to some fish, Jenny. A. yourselves B. yourself A. yourselves B. yourself C. himself D. herself C. himself D. herself8. The boys and girls s

50、eemed to enjoy_ in the park.8. The boys and girls seemed to enjoy_ in the park. A. themselves B. them C. they D. their A. themselves B. them C. they D. their9. - Is this model plane yours?9. - Is this model plane yours? - Yes, it - Yes, its mine. It is made by_.s mine. It is made by_. A. myself B. y

51、ourself C. himself D. herself A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. herself10.Mr. Green taught_ English in our school and taught_ 10.Mr. Green taught_ English in our school and taught_ French at home. French at home. A. us A. us / his B. him / us C. us / himself D. our / himself/ his B. him / us C. us / himself D. our / himselfBBAAC练习一：单项选择练习一：单项选择 (单击显