牛津上海版高一上英语U4词汇句型精讲－教案

1、李洁意牛津高一上U4词汇句型精讲阅读拓展精讲U4重点词汇精讲1. director (n) 主管，董事，导演例句：“Five minutes until we start filming”, shouted the director.“开始拍摄还有5分钟了”，导演大声地说。【拓展】(1) direct (v) 指点，指导 词组：direct sb to a place 指点某人去某地 direct sb to do sth 指点某人做某事例句：The map will direct you to the destination. 这个地图将会带你到目的地。 The instruction wi

2、ll direct you to operate the machine 这个说明书会教你怎么操作这个机器。（a）直接的词组：in direct contact with 与有直接的联系 a direct flight 一个直飞航班例句：I am in direct contact with the manager of your company. 我和你们公司的经理保持直接的联系。 Youd better take a direct flight to save time. 你最好做直飞航班来节约时间。(2) direction (n) 方向，指引词组：in all directions 四

3、面八方 in the direction of 朝着某个方向 give directions 给予指导例句：Troops began shooting in all directions. 军队开始向四面八方射击。 He drove away in the direction of London. 他开车向伦敦驶去。 They give directions to the lost travelers. 他们给迷路的旅客指引方向。2. contestant (n) 参赛者，竞争者例句：Please welcome our next contestant. 请欢迎我们的下一位参赛选手。【拓展】(

4、1) contest (n) 竞赛词组：a speech contest 演讲比赛3. whisper (n) 低语，耳语例句：They discuss in a whisper 他们轻声讨论。(v) 低声说例句：The children were whispering at the corner. 孩子们在角落低声说话。4. faint (v) 昏厥，晕倒例句：I almost fainted when she told me. 她告诉我的时候我差点昏倒。(n) 晕厥，昏倒例句：She fell down in a faint. 她昏倒了。(a) 微弱的例句：She answered in

5、a faint voice. 她用微弱的声音回答。5. seat (v) 使坐下，使就坐词组：seat oneself 就坐 be seated 就坐例句：Mary seated herself at a desk. Mary在桌边坐下。The guests were all seated. 客人都已就坐。The hall can seat 1000 people. 这个大厅可以容纳1000人。 (n) 座位词组：take/have a seat 请坐例句：Please have a seat. 请就坐。【拓展】seat 及物动词，常与反身代词连用sit 多作不及物动词6. cue (n) 提

6、示词组：sbs cue to do sth 提示某人做某事 on cue 恰好例句：I think thats my cue to explain why I am here. 我想那是要我解释一下为什么我在这里。 And then, the weather changed on cue. 然后，天气恰好发生了变化。(v) 提示例句：The manager will cue you when its your turn. 轮到你的时候，经理会提示你的。7. boom (v) 使兴旺，发隆隆声，用宏亮低沉的声音说例句：The conomy was booming and it created m

7、any job opportunities. 经济正在迅速发展，并且创造了很多就业的机会。 The announcers voice boomed. 播音员的声音响亮而低沉。(n) 繁荣词组：economic boom 经济繁荣 baby boom 婴儿潮，生育高峰 business boom 生意繁荣8. ahead (adv) 在前词组：ahead of 在前面 go ahead with 前进，发展 3 hours ahead of time 提前3小时例句：He is ahead of the age. 他站在时代的前头。 Now you can go ahead with your

8、plans. 现在你可以继续你的计划了。 He arrived 3 hours ahead of time. 他提前3小时抵达。9. beat (n) 拍子，节拍词组：the steady beat of the drum 节奏均匀的鼓声(v) 打败，击败词组：beat sb at sth 在打败某人 beat against 反复在.上拍打例句：I beat Alice at chess. 我在围棋上赢过Alice。 The rain was beating against the windows. 雨反复拍打在窗上。【拓展】(1) hit (v) 指有目的的打某一点，袭击例句：He hit

9、 him on the face. 他打了他的脸 An earthquake hit the district. 这个地区受到了地震的袭击。(2) strike (v) 通常指一下一下地打击或者敲击例句：Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 The clock is striking 12. 钟在敲12点。(3) beat (v) 有殴打，击败之意例句：The little boy was beaten by his father. 那个小男孩被他爸爸打了。 10. keep (v) 保持，保存，存放词组：keep a diary 记日记 keep doing

10、 sth 连续不断做某事 keepfrom. 阻止，防止 keep to 遵守，保持 keep off 使不接近，避开 keep up with 跟上 keep out 使不进入，使远离例句：Its a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是一个好习惯。 She keeps doing exercise every day. 她每天坚持锻炼。 She thinks that nothing will keep you from coming. 她认为没有什么事能够阻止你来。 Traffic in Britain keeps to the lef

11、t. 英国的交通一律靠左行驶。 My doctor has warned me to keep off sugar. 我的医生警告我别吃糖。 We should keep up with the times. 我们应该跟上时代。 This coat keeps out the wind. 这大衣挡风。11. trend (n) 潮流，趋势词组：set a/the trend 带领新潮流例句：These designers concept set a trend. 这些设计师的理念带领新的潮流。【拓展】(1) trendy (a) 时髦的，流行的例句：This is a trendy resta

12、urant. 这是个时髦的餐厅。(n) 新潮人物，追求时髦者例句：They are young trendies from art college. 他们是来自艺术学院的年轻的新潮人物。12. surround (v) 包围，环绕词组：be surrounded with 包围例句：This house is surrounded with forests. 这个房子被树林环绕。【拓展】surrounding (n) 周围的事物例句：The house is harmonious with the surroundings. 这个房子和周围的事物是协调的。（a） 周围的，附近的例句：We de

13、cided to explore the surrounding countryside. 我们决定去探索附近的农村。13. achieve （v）完成，实现词组：achieve ones ambition/goal 实现的抱负/目的 achieve success 取得成功例句：He finally achieved his ambition through his efforts. 他最终通过他的努力实现了他的理想 What should we do to achieve success?我们应该做什么来取得成功呢？【拓展】achievement (n) 成就，成绩词组：sbs achie

14、vement in (doing) sth 某人在某方面的成就例句：The exam tests childrens achievements in reading. 这个考试测验了学生在阅读方面的成绩14. suspend (v) 悬挂词组：suspend sth from sth 自悬挂下来 suspend sth by sth 通过把悬挂起来例句：Suspend a lamp from the ceiling. 把灯挂在天花板上。 He was suspended by his feet and beaten with metal bars. 他被吊起双脚，用金属棒殴打。15. view

15、er (n) 观众，观察者例句：Stereo speakers are arranged round the viewers. 立体扬声器安置在观众的周围【拓展】(1) view (v) 观看词组：be viewed as 被看作是例句：The law is viewed as a way of meeting some social goals. 这项法规被看作是实现一些社会目标的途径。(n) 视域，视力词组：a birds eye view 鸟瞰 in view of sth 鉴于，从角度看 with a view to doing sth=in order to do sth 为了做某事

16、例句：From the plane, we had a birds eye view of Shanghai. 从飞机上，我们可以鸟瞰上海。 In the view of weather, we will cancel the outing. 因为天气的原因，我们要取消这次郊游。 He is decorating the house with a view to selling it. 他正在装修房子，为了把它卖了。16. arrange (v) 安排，整理词组：arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事 arrange a meeting 安排会议例句：I have a

17、rranged for Mary to meet you at the airport. 我已经安排玛丽去机场接你。 Alice arranges a meeting every week. Alice 每周会安排一次会议。【拓展】arrangement (n) 布置，安排词组：make arrangements 作安排例句：They are making arrangements for the party. 他们正在为晚会作准备。17. record (v) 记录例句：Her diary records all the details of her days. 她的日记记录了她的时代所有的

18、细节。(n) 记录，唱片词组：keep a record of 把记录下来 for the record 可正式报导，公开地 on record 有记录的，公开的 create a record 创造记录 break the record 打破记录例句：I will keep a record of his telephone conversations. 我将会把他的电话谈话记录下来。 Just for the record, I think the president is a fool. 可以公开地说，我认为这个总统是个傻瓜。 The latest typhoon was one of

19、the strongest in Shanghai on record. 最近的台风是上海有史以来最强的一次。 She has created three new world records. 她创造了三项新的世界纪录。 Several world swimming records have been broken. 几项游泳记录已经被打破。【拓展】(1) recorder (n) 录音机，记录器例句：Could you show mw how to use this recorder? 你能教我怎么用这台录音机吗？课堂练习一、 选择框中适当内容并以适当形式填空director contest

20、ant faint seat beat ahead of strikekeep a record of create a record in the view of be viewed as (1) The famous _ Zhang Yimou _ a short piece of film for Beijing Olympics.(2) Class one _ Class two at the basketball match.(3) Ladies and gentlemen, please get _.(4) Lets welcome the _ from Shanghai.(5)

21、The little girl _ because of hunger.(6) Dont forget _ how much you spend.(7) He is _ age.(8) She fell heavily, _ her head against the floor.(9) When she was young, she _ the smartest girl in her class.(10) _ modern science, this is not the case.参考答案：（1）director; directed (2) beat (3) seated (4) cont

22、estants (5)fainted (6) to keep a record of (7) ahead of (8)striking (9) was viewed as (10) In the view of翻译句子1. 我确定在我们前方有一片光明的未来。（ahead of）2. 当我有约会的时候，我总是会提早一点到达。（ahead of time）3. 他们把囚犯打的青一块紫一块。(beat)4. 在午夜，我不能听到雨拍打窗户的声音。（beat against）5. 我已经安排了Alice来参加这次会议。（arrange）6. 请把这些书按顺序放在书架上。（arrange）7. 她为了保持

23、健康，每天吃蔬菜。(with a view to doing)8. 科学家说上个月是史上记载以来最热的六月。(on record)参考答案：1. I am sure there is a bright future ahead of us.2. When I have an appointment, I always arrive a little ahead of time3. They beat the prisoner black and blue.4. At midnight, I couldnt hear the rain beating against the window.5.

24、I have arranged for Alice to attend this meeting.6. Please arrange these books in the self in order.7. She eats vegetables every day with a view to keeping healthy.8. Scientists said that last month was the warmest June on record.阅读拓展精讲科普类文章一、考点描述科普类文章是高中阅读理解中的难点题材，其取材密切联系当前经济和科技等方面的变化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。并

25、且每年高考都有所涉及，每五篇阅读文章至少有一篇是科普文章，以体现英语语言的实用性，同时也增加了试题的难度。因此，同学们在平时的学习中一定要对此引起高度的重视。二、材料特点这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：1. 文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2. 句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句3. 常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句

26、式。三、命题特点科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。四、针对该文体的特点，我们如何快速有效地对文章进行整体把握？批注：此部分在学案中应显示为空白，引导学生思考。在做科普类文章时，常见的文章大致结构是什么？题目中通常对哪些文章细节提问？ 通过学生自己的分析，再给予指导，总结出科普类文章做提前的准备工作为（1） 文章介绍的主要内容是什么？（2） 该科学现象或最新发现是如何产生的？（3） 该现象或道理的发现对人们生活已经或将会带来什么影响？ Extensive ReadingWant a glance of the future of h

27、ealth care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people about patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient no matter where he or she may be. Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms are t

28、he most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis(远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personal data assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to send a patients importan

29、t signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past. Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural(countryside) care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a too

30、l for disaster needespecially after earthquakes. On the whole, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts opinions. But there is one problem. Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex(复杂的) medical pictures around the world CT photos being one of the bigge

31、st bandwidth users. Communication satellites may be able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of remote medical service. Doctors have met t

32、o discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts opinions and diagnosis are common. 批注：读完文章，先让学生大致复数文章段落大

33、意。并进行生词总结。本文主要讲述人们将来可以通过网上看病，医生可以根据病人的生理数据做出远程诊断。随着第二代因特网和第三代移动手机为将来的远程医疗服务，尤其是宽带网交流价格的下降，远程医疗和医药信息、专家意见和诊断共享将成为家常便饭。I. Comprehension Questions1. The writer chiefly talks about _. A. the use of telemedicine B. the on-lined doctors C. medical care and treatmentD. communication improvementKeys: A。主旨题。

34、第2段和第3段的内容，可知最佳答案为A。2. The basis of remote diagnosis will be _.A. personal data assistance B. some words of a patientC. real physiological information D. medical pictures from the InternetKeys: C。细节题。从第2段第2句话中的remote diagnosis(远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual pati

35、ent 可以做出正确判断。3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text？ A. Patients dont need doctors in hospitals any more. B. It is impossible to send a patients signs over the telephone. C. Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now. D. Broadband communications will become ch

36、eaper in the future.Keys：D. 判断题。网上可以看病并不就是说病人去医院不需要医生，排除A项；通过电话发送病人的信息是可行的，排除B项；现在至少有一个医疗队想用远程医疗来治疗疾病，C项也不对；根据文章最后一句话With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts opinions and diagnos

37、is are common 可以肯定答案是D。4. The “problem” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that _. A. bandwidth isnt big enough to send complex medical pictures B. the second-generation of Internet has not become popular yet C. communication satellites can only deal with short-term needs D. there is not eno

38、ugh equipment for spreading the medical careKeys: A。推断题。根据第4段第2句话 Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex(复杂) medical pictures around the world CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users可知答案为A。批注：在学生大致了解文章大意后，让学生在做题时同时划出做题依据，并且说出每道题目的考察点是什么。是细节题的判断还是推断题。从而让学生了解做科普类文章的方法，特别要注

39、意的是细节题和推断题的掌握。 II. Put the following phrases either in English or Chinese according to the reading passage1. a glance of2. normal symptoms3. access to medical data4. limiting factor5. 基于 6. 生理数据7. 通过电话 8. 作为.的工具 Keys: 1. 撇一眼 2. 普通症状 3. 取得医疗数据 4. 限制性因素 5. be based on 6. physiological data 7. Over tel

40、ephone 8. As a tool for批注：此部分为学生积累词组词汇 III. Translation1众所周知，理论要以事实为依据。(base on)2社会实践是学习的一种工具手段。（tool）3恋人们经常通过电话交流感情。（telephone）Keys：1. As we all know, theory is based on the fact. 2. Social practice is a tool for gaining knowledge. 3. The lovers strengthen their emotion over telephone. 总结：科普类阅读理解四选

41、一解题题思路 Skill：（1） 迅速阅读文章的第一段，把握该文章介绍的主题内容；（2） 阅读全文，了解该发现或研究成果的形成过程及影响；（3） 带着文章后提出的疑问迅速定位相关信息，不作不确信的猜测，确保解题的正确性。回家作业一、 词汇自默（20min）studio film director contestant whisper faint gasp cameraman seat rush forward powder cue clap boom quiz terrific ahead of tense beat keep still trend surround achieve susp

42、end stereo arrange viewer digital cigarette lighter record cassette 演播室 拍摄 导演 参赛者 . 低语；耳语 昏厥 喘着气说 摄影师 使坐下 冲上前去 抹粉 提示 拍手. 用洪亮而低沉的声音说 智力竞赛 极好的 领先 紧张的 击败 静止不动 .趋势 环绕 达到；获得 悬挂 立体声的 布置 电视观众 数字的 打火机 记录盒式磁带二、 阅读训练（20min）I know what youre thinking : pizza （比萨饼）? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can

43、have last nights leftovers in the a. m. if you want to I know lots of women who skip breakfast（不吃早餐） , and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it . Some say they dont have time. others think theyre “saving” calories （卡路里）, still others just dont like breakfast food . But the bottom line i

44、s that eating in the morning is very important when youre trying to lose weight. “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking , R , D , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this years “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can b

45、e healthy if its loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece. Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California

46、 found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal. So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last nights l

47、eftovers-it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow,” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try ityou may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects. 批注：本篇阅读理解是一篇科普类

48、文章。随着科技的进步、社会的发展，人们的生活节奏也越来越快。为了节省时间或者是为了保持苗条身材，很多人不吃早餐，然而这样做是绝对不科学的，尤其对于那些想要减肥的人是极其不利的。1. The word “leftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means_. A. food remaining after a meal B. things left undone C. meals made of vegetables D. pizza topped with fruit 2. What can we infer from the text? A. Working w

49、omen usually have breakfast in a hurry. B. Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast. C. There are some easy ways of cooking a meal. D. Eating vegetables helps save energy. 3. According to the last paragraph, it is important to_. A. eat something for breakfast B. be careful about what you eat C.

50、heat up food before eating it D. eat calorie-controlled food 4. The text is written mainly for those_. A. who go to work early B. who want to lose weight C. who stay up late D. who eat before sleep Keys： 1. A；猜测词义题。从文章最后一段last night可以猜测出leftovers的含义为“剩饭”。2.B；推理判断题。第二段告诉我们很多人有种种借口不吃早餐，第三段开始“but”一词告诉我

51、们这样做是不对的。3. A；事实细节题。最后一段第一句话告诉我们：早餐吃什么都可以，但要吃。4. B。主旨大意题。第三段第一句话以及第四段第一句话都提示我们：本文主要写给那些想减肥的人。BMost bees are brown, hairy and 8 to 22 millimeters long. Bees are a large family. Over 25,000 kinds have been found. Among all of them, honey bees are the most common. Honey bees always live in groups calle

52、d hives (蜂群). Each hive has a queen, drones (雄蜂) and workers (工蜂). Like a human society, each bee in a hive knows its own job. The queen is the largest bee. She doesnt go out to work but lays eggs. Sometimes a queen can lay 3,000 eggs in a day. Drones do not collect food from flowers. They are the q

53、ueens husbands. When theres not much food, drones are often kicked out of the hive. Workers are the smallest and busiest bees. A colony can have 50,000 to 60,000 workers. They collect food for the queen and babies. They guard the hive and help to keep it cool by fanning their wings. A worker only live for 28 to 35 days. To collect a pound of honey (about half a kilogram