Unit 6 Processes and procedures

1、Unit 6 Processes and procedures剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）Business BENCHMARK剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)Getting startedlQuestions for discussion:l1. Why is it necessary to describe production processes to your clients?l2. How to make a successful process description

2、?剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary) In business world, clients sometimes want to see how your products are produced. They will visit your company or factory and have a look at your production line. Your company may want to make your clients sure about your products so you

3、should invite them to visit your production line. In this situation, as students majoring in Business English, one of your duties is to introduce the production processes to the visitors. Its necessary for you to learn how to describe the production processes clearly. To make a good production proce

4、ss description, you need to get familiar with the production stages and the machines used in each stage. You should also know about the raw materials and what happens in each stage. Using some sequence words can make your explanations clearly and logically. If you make the description for foreign cl

5、ients, you should make sure you can speak the processes in English. 剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)ProductslLeica cameraslKarhu skislTata buseslEmmental cheeselProton carslSikorsky helicopterslInca colalCaf Pe

6、le coffeelBang and Olufsen audio-visual equipmentl徕卡（德国）徕卡（德国）l卡虎（芬兰）卡虎（芬兰）l塔塔集团（印度）塔塔集团（印度）l埃曼塔奶酪（瑞士）埃曼塔奶酪（瑞士）l宝腾汽车（马来西亚）宝腾汽车（马来西亚）l西科斯基飞机公司西科斯基飞机公司（美国）（美国）l印加可乐（秘鲁）印加可乐（秘鲁） l贝利咖啡（巴西）贝利咖啡（巴西）lB&O（丹麦）（丹麦）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)Grammar workshop：the passivelMake u

7、p sentences剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)Grammar workshop：the passiveis modeledis plannedare usedare arrangedare manufacturedis exportedare shippedare packagedare maintainedare respectedare not exploited剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)Vocab

8、ulary: Chanel No. 5lStudy the flow chart and then complete the description with the verbs in the box in the passive form.l1. are pickedl2. are put/loadedl3. are transportedl4. are weighedl5. are loaded/putl6. is addedl7. are washedl8. are removedl9. is evaporatedl10. is required剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英

9、语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)Vocabulary: Chanel No. 5Expressionslingredient：成分、配料：成分、配料ljasmine：茉莉：茉莉lmusk：麝香：麝香lvat：大桶：大桶lextraction：抽取、提取：抽取、提取 ex-：outward tract-：drawlsolvent：溶剂：溶剂 solv-：to loosen solution:溶液溶液lresin：树脂：树脂lconcrete：凝结物、混凝土：凝结物、混凝土剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business B

10、ENCHMARK (Preliminary)Chanel No. 5lWatch a video and dub（配音）（配音）it to explain the production procedure of the perfume.剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)Reading: outsourcing and offshoring外包和离岸外包外包和离岸外包BackgroundlOutsourcing refers to an organization contracting work out to

11、 a 3rd party, while offshoring refers to getting work done in a different country, usually to leverage cost advantages. lIts possible to outsource work but not offshore it; for example, hiring an outside law firm to review contracts instead of maintaining an in-house staff of lawyers. It is also pos

12、sible to offshore work but not outsource it; for example, a Dell customer service center in India to serve American clients. 剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)Comparison chart Risks of outsourcing include misaligned interests of clients and vendors, increased reliance on t

13、hird parties, lack of in-house knowledge of critical (though not necessarily core) business operations etc. Offshoring is often criticized for transferring jobs to other countries. Other risks include geopolitical risk, language differences and poor communication etc.Risks and criticism Usually comp

14、anies outsource to take advantage of specialized skills, cost efficiencies and labor flexibility. Benefits of offshoring are usually lower costs, better availability of skilled people, and getting work done faster through a global talent pool.Benefits Outsourcing refers to contracting work out to an

15、 external organization. Offshoring means getting work done in a different country.DefinitionOutsourcingOffshoring剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)lSkim the whole article to get a general idea of what it is about. Write the paragraph number in the boxes below to show where

16、 you read about following.la. outsourcing the production within Sydneylb. in-house productionlc. offshoringReading: outsourcing and offshoring234剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)Reading: outsourcing and offshoringlScan the article and complete the table with the advantage

17、s and disadvantages from the box below.Low staff costAccess to new techniquesAdvantages of offshoringDifficult with recruitmentHigh staff costDisadvantages of in-house productionSuppliers not meeting deadlinesDisadvantages of outsourcing to other companies in Sydney剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Busin

18、ess BENCHMARK (Preliminary)Expressionslbase: 设立设立lin-house: conducted within, coming from within an organization or group机构内的机构内的 lproduction methods: 生产方法生产方法lbring down:使倒下使倒下, 减少减少llook to:指望，依赖指望，依赖 lgarment:衣服，外套衣服，外套剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)Listening: Office

19、 procedureslMaking notes: Listen to the explanation and complete the notes below.l1. order bookl2. authorisedl3. pinkl4. accounts departmentl5. blue l6. the supplierl7. accounts department剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)lModel 1. How Baguettes are made (mini introduction

20、)lLadies and gentlemen, please follow me to visit the production line. There are 8 machines used for making bread in each line. They are mixers, dividers, first prover, former, circuit, second prover, oven and cooler. We weigh the ingredients together, including flour, yeast, water and so on. Then w

21、e mix the dough and form the bread. After the bread proves well, we bake it in the oven. Next we cool the bread. Finally the bread is taken to the packing hall, where it is wrapped, boxed and dispatched. 剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)lModel 2. How Baguettes are made (b

22、rief introduction)lLadies and gentlemen, please follow me to visit the production line. Now you see the mixers. All the ingredients are mixed here for 12 minutes into dough. Then the dough is divided into pieces by the divider. Have you seen the first prover ? The dough proves her for 10 minutes. Af

23、ter that, the dough is formed into the shape of baguettes. The baguettes are then taken along the circuit into the second prover, where the baguettes prove again for 60 minutes. The next machine is oven, where the baguettes are baked for 10 minutes. After that the baguettes are taken into the cooler

24、. Here cool air is blown over the baguettes to cool them for 40 minutes. Finally the baguettes are taken to the packing hall, where they are wrapped, boxed, and dispatched.剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)lModel 3. How Baguettes are made (Specific introduction)lLadies and

25、 gentlemen, please follow me to visit the production line. Now you see the dry ingredients area and flour silos. The production all begins with the main ingredientsthose are flour and water. They are weighed and fed automatically into mixers. Yeast and additives are then added by hand and everything

26、 is mixed together for twelve minutes to make the dough. The additives are just to increase the shelf life of the baguettes. The dough is then divided into pieces of the same weight. And after the weight is checked, the dough enters the first prover for ten minutes. You cant bake the dough straight

27、away. You have to let it stand for a while so the yeast can react before you form it. This is called proving. Well now, the yeast makes the dough rise, and gives the bread shape and volume. The dough is then formed into a baguette and dropped onto trays, which then continuously go round a circuit. T

28、he trays takes the baguettes into another prover for 60 minutes. The temperature in the prover is perfect for the yeast to make the bread rise even more. The prover stage is very important. If the bread doesnt prove properly, you cant bake it. Now the trays then continue around the circuit to the ov

29、en, where the bread is baked for ten minutes. And after leaving the oven, the trays enter the cooler. Thats where the cool air is blown over them for 40 minutes. The baguettes are then taken off the trays and dropped into plastic baskets for packaging. And the trays continue around the circuit and g

30、oes back to the start again. The baguettes are taken to the packing hall, where they are wrapped, boxed, and dispatched. From flour to boxed products takes about two and a half hours. The line produces 6,000 baguettes an hour. 剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)剑桥标准商务英语教程（初

31、级）剑桥标准商务英语教程（初级） Business BENCHMARK (Preliminary)l清洁清洁 CleaningCleaning在加工之前，生可可豆将被彻底地用滤网和刷子进行清洁。最终，木头、黄麻纤维、沙子甚至是最细的灰尘都在加工之前，生可可豆将被彻底地用滤网和刷子进行清洁。最终，木头、黄麻纤维、沙子甚至是最细的灰尘都会被真空设备吸走。会被真空设备吸走。烘焙烘焙 RoastingRoasting随后的烘焙过程主要致力于把可可豆中的芳香发掘出来。整个的烘焙过程都是在随后的烘焙过程主要致力于把可可豆中的芳香发掘出来。整个的烘焙过程都是在1010英尺高的炉子里，英尺高的炉子里，1301

32、30C C的的高温下由机器自动完成的。高温下由机器自动完成的。碾碎去壳碾碎去壳 Crushing and shellingCrushing and shelling现在，烘焙后的可可豆已经经过碾碎机的处理，裂成几块了。现在，烘焙后的可可豆已经经过碾碎机的处理，裂成几块了。混合混合 BlendingBlending在磨粉之前，碾碎的可可豆将被称重，并依照独有的配方进行混合。每一个巧克力厂都有各自混合不同可可豆在磨粉之前，碾碎的可可豆将被称重，并依照独有的配方进行混合。每一个巧克力厂都有各自混合不同可可豆比率的秘方。比率的秘方。 磨粉磨粉 GrindingGrinding被碾碎的可可豆还相当的粗糙

33、，它要被磨粉设备加工，之后，放入滚筒中磨成细糊。在压力和摩擦力的共同作被碾碎的可可豆还相当的粗糙，它要被磨粉设备加工，之后，放入滚筒中磨成细糊。在压力和摩擦力的共同作用下，可可脂（大约含用下，可可脂（大约含5050的可可豆）被加热、融化，产生出粘稠的气味强烈的深棕色混合液体。在冷却的过的可可豆）被加热、融化，产生出粘稠的气味强烈的深棕色混合液体。在冷却的过程中，它逐渐凝固，这就是可可泥。此时，生产方法被分为两种方式，但很快又会趋同。一种方法是对可可泥程中，它逐渐凝固，这就是可可泥。此时，生产方法被分为两种方式，但很快又会趋同。一种方法是对可可泥加压，榨取出可可脂；另一种方法是在加入可可脂的同时

34、，对其进行多种混合精炼程序。之后，这两种方法趋加压，榨取出可可脂；另一种方法是在加入可可脂的同时，对其进行多种混合精炼程序。之后，这两种方法趋同。同。可可脂可可脂 Cocoa ButterCocoa Butter可可脂可以起到很重要的作用。它出现在巧克力的配方中，使巧克力口感细腻、外观光泽。可可脂可以起到很重要的作用。它出现在巧克力的配方中，使巧克力口感细腻、外观光泽。可可粉可可粉 Cocoa PowderCocoa Powder可可脂被加压后，所形成的可可饼依据不同强度的压力仍旧含有可可脂被加压后，所形成的可可饼依据不同强度的压力仍旧含有1010到到2020的油脂。可可饼会被再度碾成细粉，的油脂。可可饼会被再度碾成细粉，并经过若干步骤，就成为了香浓的可可饮品的主要原料。可可泥、可可脂、糖以及