语法考点解析(介词形容词副词)

1、语法结构（三）A 级级 考考 试试介词介词按结构英语介词可分为按结构英语介词可分为3类类：1简单介词（约有70个），如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across等。2分词介词（约15个）如：during，following，considering，regarding，judging等。3成语介词（约有500个）如：out of，apart from，by means of，because of等。按意义英语介词可分为按意义英语介词可分为3类类：1. 时间介词，如：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, unti

2、l等。2. 地点介词,如：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, outside等。3. 其它介词，如：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, apart from等。常见成语介词常见成语介词At the expense of 由付费At the mercy of 完全受支配At the risk of 冒着的危险By reason of 由于；因为By (in) virtue of 借助By way of 经由；通过；经过In accord with 同一致In addition to 除

3、之外（还）In answer to 作为对的回答In case of 假使，以防On behalf of 代表；为了In charge of 在掌控之下；负责In conjunction with 与共同（协同）In contrast to(with) 与形成对比；相比之下In defiance of 无视；不顾；不管In excess of 多出；超过In harmony with 与相协调In honour of 为纪念.；为庆祝In terms of 根据；用的话；就而言In the course of 在期间，在过程中In the midst of 入之中，在的中途In the nam

4、e of 以的名义，凭；假借名义一. 形容词的构成本身即为形容词的词本身即为形容词的词 red, glad, nice, beautiful2. 由由“名词名词y”构成构成 sunsunny fogfogy windwindy rainrainy 3. 加后缀构成（如加后缀构成（如-able, -ent, -en,-al） comfort comfortable educationeducational gold golden differ different4. “名词名词ly”构成构成 friend -friendly kind -kindly brotherly， deadly，eart

5、hly， likely，leisurely，lovely，manly，weekly，yearly5. 复合形容词复合形容词构成方法例词副词分词newlymade 新建的 fastchanging 飞速变化着的名词过分snowcovered 被雪覆盖的man-made 人造的名词现在energysaving 节省能源的Peace-loving 热爱和平的名词形容词lifelong 终生的duty-free 免税的数词名词fivestar 五星级的数词名词形容词fiveyearold 5岁的形容词过去分词readymade 现成的，预先制成的new-born 新生的形容词名词edcoldblood

6、ed 冷血的形容词现分ordinarylooking 相貌一般的Good-looking 好看的形容词形容词redhot 炽热的二二. 形容词的句法功能形容词的句法功能1. 作定语（修饰名词、代词）作定语（修饰名词、代词） He is a good swimmer.2. 作表语，主语只能是物的作表语，主语只能是物的adj：possible，probable，likely，convenient Your advice is useful. It is convenient to have a car.3. 作宾补作宾补 He found the door opened 4.作主语或宾语作主语或宾

7、语 The old are respected here and there The beautiful is not always the good5. 作伴随状语作伴随状语 Tired and hot, we had to stop to have a break. He returned to his hometown, safe and sound.三三. 形容词的位置形容词的位置（一）（一） 单个形容词的位置单个形容词的位置 形容词是用来修饰名词，常被放在名词前作定语。 a red coat delicious food three interesting stories（二）（二）

8、 形容词作定语后置的几种情况形容词作定语后置的几种情况1当形容词修饰不定代词one, no，any，some和every构成的复合词， 如：something，anything，nothing，anyone, anybody, nobody等时。 I have something important to tell you. There is something wrong with my computer.2当“形容词介词短语/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。 He is a boy good at sports（介词短语）. They are the student easy to teach

9、（不定式）.3当两个意义相反的形容词用当两个意义相反的形容词用“both.and.，and，or或或but连接在一起作连接在一起作定语时。定语时。 The students were required to see a film both interesting and instructive. All the people on this island, young or old, are fond of music.4当当long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。等词附有数量词短语作定语时。 The door is two meters high. The room

10、 is five meters wide.以字母以字母a开头的某些表示状态的形容词作定语要后置。如开头的某些表示状态的形容词作定语要后置。如alive，asleep， awakeHe is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake.四、多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序四、多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序限定词(these，those.)数量形容(three)描绘性形容词(beautiful)大小、短,高低等形体性形容词(large，long，high)新旧(old)颜色(red)国籍(Chinese)材料(wooden)用途(writ

11、ing)被修饰名词(desk)a beautiful white Japanese military jeep县官行令谢国才县官行令谢国才=限冠形龄色国材限冠形龄色国材A small round red French wooden desk限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老。限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老。颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。五、副词的构成五、副词的构成1、本身就是副词、本身就是副词，如now, rather, very, how等2、与形容词形式相同的副词、与形容词形式相同的副词，如，early, late, high, wide, deep等3、由、

12、由“形容词形容词ly”构成的副词构成的副词 slow slowly badbadly quickquickly brave - bravely exactexactly 4、两种形式的副词、两种形式的副词 有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀“ly”。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大相同，应加以分辨。 close接近(指距离)closely仔细地，密切地 hard努力地hardly几乎不 high高highly高度地 late晚、迟lately近来 near邻近nearly几乎 easy从容地easily容易地六、副词的类别六、副词的类别副词分类例词时间副词

13、Now, then, often, early, 地点副词There, here, below, 方式副词Well, slowly, badly程度副词Much, still,关系副词When, why, where,疑问副词How, when, where, why连接副词when, where, why, whether七、副词的语法功能七、副词的语法功能1、作状语、作状语修饰动词Its raining heavily修饰形容词You are quite rightIts a rather difficult job修饰名词，代词和数词。Nearly everybody came to t

14、he party2. 作定语，常位于所修饰词后面作定语，常位于所修饰词后面The meeting today is very important.The population here is very large.3. 作表语，指主语的方向，方位等作表语，指主语的方向，方位等Is anybody in ?My bedroom is upstairs.八、副词的位置八、副词的位置1.时间副词，地点副词和一些方式副词放在句末，如果句中同时出现几个副词，时间副词，地点副词和一些方式副词放在句末，如果句中同时出现几个副词，顺序；方式地点时间 He told it to me angrily at sc

15、hool yesterday.2. 频度副词一般放在行为动词前，助动词，系动词，情态动词后频度副词一般放在行为动词前，助动词，系动词，情态动词后。She always goes to school at seven.He has never been to shanghai.3. 程度副词（程度副词（enough除外）一般放在被修饰的形容词，副词，动词前。除外）一般放在被修饰的形容词，副词，动词前。This is a very good book I quite understand. She studies much harder.4. 表示可能性的副词或表示真实性有多大的副词，通常不用于句

16、末。表示可能性的副词或表示真实性有多大的副词，通常不用于句末。（probably， possibly, certainly, definitely ） They have probably gone there.5. 副词修饰全句时的位置副词修饰全句时的位置大多数修饰全句的副词可以置于句首，句中或句末，多用逗号和其他部分隔开。Indeed ，I didnt know where she was.He had left, however, he still live in my heart.有些副词可以表明我们对自己正在说的话所持的态度，或起连接上下文的作用，置于句首 Actually, you

17、 are mistaken. Honestly, he is unfit for you.九、九、adj和和adv比较级和最高级比较级和最高级词词 尾尾 变变 化化原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级单音节词在词尾加单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级比较级)或或-est(最高最高级级)以字母以字母e接尾的词加接尾的词加-r或或-sttall hard large wide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加字母应双写辅音字母再加er或或estbig hot thin fat wet 以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为结尾的词变为i再加再加-e

18、r,或或-esthappy dry early多音节词和少数双音节词在其前面加多音节词和少数双音节词在其前面加more 和和most difficult popular slowly原级原级goodwellbad(ly)illmanymuchlittlefarOld比较级比较级最高级最高级Tom is as tall as Mike. as+形容词原形形容词原形+as 否定否定 not as+原形原形+as 或或 not so+原形原形+as “不及不如不及不如 Tom is three times as old as Mike.Tom is not as tall as Mike.Tom i

19、s not so tall as Mike. 形容词形容词 原级常用句型原级常用句型This room is big enough to hold 80 people. so+ 原级原级+that丛句丛句 such+名词名词that丛句丛句He is so tall that he can get the ball easily.He is such a tall player that he can get the ball easily. too+原级原级+ to do sth.He is too young to join the army. 原级原级+ enough to do sth. 比较级比较级+than Football is more popular than basketball. Our school is larger than theirs. 形容词