人教版九年级全册单词表

1、九年级全册单词表13Unit1 Howcanwebecomegoodlearners1. textbook'tekstbkn.教科书;课本2. conversationknv'sen k:nv'senn.交谈;谈话3. aloud'ladadv.大声地;出声地4. pronunciationprnnsi'enn.发音;读音5. sentence'sentnsn.句子6. patient'pentadj.有耐心的n.病人7. expressionk'sprenn.表情,表达（方式）;表示8. discoverd'skv(r)

2、v.发现;发觉9. secret'si:krtn.秘密;秘诀;adj.秘密的;保密的10. look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅;抬头看11. grammar'ræm(r)n.语法12. repeatr'pi:tv.重复;重做13. notentn.笔记;记录v.注意;指出14. palpæln.朋友;伙伴15. physics'fzksn.物理;物理学16. chemistry'kemstrin.化学17. memorize'memrazv.记忆;记住18. pattern'pætn '

3、pætrnn.模式;方式19. pronouncepr'nansv.发音20. increasen'kri:sv.增加;增长21. speedspi:dn.速度v.加速22. partner'p: (r)tn(r)n.搭档;同伴23. bornb:(r)nv.出生adj.天生的24. be born with天生具有25. ability'bltin.能力;才能26. createkri'etv.创造;创建27. brainbrenn.大脑28. active'æktvadj.活跃的;积极的29. attention'

4、tennn.注意;关注30. pay attention to注意;关注31. connectk'nektv.（使）连接;与有联系32. connectwith把和连接或联系起来33. overnightv(r)'natadv.一夜之间;在夜间34. reviewr'vju:v.&n.回顾;复习35. knowledge'nld,'n:ldn.知识;学问36. lifelong'lafladj.终身的;毕生的37. wisely'wazliadv.明智地;聪明地38. fallinlovewith爱上;与相爱p.3Unit2 I

5、think that mooncakes are delicious!1. mooncake'mu:nkekn.月饼2. lantern'lænt(r)nn.灯笼3. stranger'strend(r)n.陌生人4. relative'reltvn.亲属;亲戚5. put on 增加（体重）;发胖6. poundpandn.磅（重量单位）;英镑7. folkfkadj.民间的;民俗的8. goddess'des':dsn.女神9. whoeverhu:'ev(r)pron.无论谁;不管什么人10. stealsti:lv.(s

6、tolestl,stolen'stln偷;窃取11. laylev.(laidled,laid)放置;安放;产(卵);下(蛋)12. lay out摆开;布置13. dessertd'z(r)tn.（饭后）甜点;甜食14. garden':(r)dnn.花园;园子15. traditiontr'dnn.传统16. admired'ma(r)v.欣赏;仰慕17. tietan.领带v.捆;束18. haunted'h:ntdadj.有鬼魂出没的;闹鬼的19. ghoststn.鬼;鬼魂20. tricktrkn.花招;把戏21. treattri:

7、tn.款待;招待;v.招待;请(客)22. spider'spad(r)n.蜘蛛23. Christmas'krsmsn.圣诞节24. lielav.(layle,lainlen）存在;平躺;处于25. novel'nvl'n:vln.（长篇）小说26. evei:vn.(尤指宗教节假日的)前夕;前夜27. deaddedadj.死的;失去生命的28. business'bznsn.生意;商业29. punish'pnv.处罚;惩罚30. warnw:(r)nv.警告;告诫31. end up最终成为;最后处于32. present'pr

8、ezntn.现在;礼物adj.现在的33. warmthw:(r)mn.温暖;暖和34. spreadspredv.(spread,spread)传播;展开n.蔓延;传播35. foolfu:ln.蠢人;傻瓜v.愚弄adj.愚蠢的36. bookstorebukst:(r)n.书店37. nobodynubdnub:dpron. 没有人38. Macaom'ka澳门39. ChiangMaitiæ'ma清迈（泰城城市）40. WaterFestival泼水节41. Mid-Autumn Festivalmd':tm中秋节42. MothersDay母亲节43.

9、 FathersDay父亲节44. Halloweenhæl'i:n万圣节前夕45. A Christmas Carol'kærl圣诞欢歌（小说名）46. Easter'i:st(r)复活节47. St.Valentines Daysentvælntainz情人节48. Santa Claus'sæntkl:z圣诞老人49. Scroogeskru:d斯克鲁奇n.（非正式）吝啬鬼Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?1. restroom'r

10、estru:mn.（美）洗手间;公共厕所2. stampstæmpn.邮票;印章3. bookstore'bkst:rn.书店4. besideb'sadprep.在旁边;在附近5. postcard'pstk:(r)dn.明信片6. pardon'p:(r)dnv.原谅interj.请再说一遍;7. washroom'wru:m'w:ru:mn.洗手间;厕所8. bathroom'b:ru:m'bæru:mn.浴室;洗手间9. normally'n:(r)mliadv.通常;正常情况下10. rush

11、rv.&n.仓促;急促11. suggests'destv.建议;提议12. pass by路过;经过13. staffst:fstæ:fn.管理人员;职工14. grapegrepn.葡萄15. central'sentrladj.中心的;中央的16. nearbyn'baadj.附近的;邻近的;17. adv.在附近;附近18. pardon me抱歉,对不起;什么19. mailmelv.邮寄;发电子邮件20. n.邮件;信件21. easti:stadj.东方的;东部的;22. adv.向东;朝东;n.东;东方23. fascinating&#

12、39;fæsnetadj.迷人的;有吸引力的24. inexpensivenk'spensvadj.不昂贵的25. uncrowdedn'kraddadj.不拥挤的;人少的26. convenientkn'vi:nintadj.便利的;方便的27. mallm:ln.商场;购物中心28. clerkkl:kkl:rkn.职员29. corner'k:(r)n(r)n.拐角;角落30. politelyp'latliadv.礼貌地;客气地31. requestr'kwestn.&v.要求;请求32. directiond'

13、rekn,da'reknn.方向;方位33. correctk'rektadj.正确的;恰当的34. politep'latadj.有礼貌的;客气的35. directd'rekt, da'rektadj.直接的;直率的36. speaker'spi:k(r)n.讲（某种语言）的人;发言者37. whomhu:mpron.谁;什么人38. impolitemp'latadj.不礼貌的;粗鲁的39. address'dres 'ædresn.住址;地址;通讯处40. underground'nd(r) ra

14、ndadj.地下的n.地铁41. parking lot停车场;停车区42. coursek:(r)sn.课程;学科43. faithfullyfeifliadv.忠实地;忠诚地44. choicetisn.选择;挑选45. quickkwikadj.快的;迅速的46. Italian'tælinadj.意大利人的;n.意大利人语Unit 4 I used to beaf raid of the dark.1. humorou'hju:mrsadj.有幽默感的;滑稽的2. silent'salntadj.不说话的;沉默的3. helpful'helpf

15、ladj.有用的;有帮助的4. from time to time时常;有时5. scoresk:(r)n.&v.得分;打分;进球6. background'bækrandn.背景7. interview'nt(r)vju:v.采访;面试n.面试;访谈8. Asian'en'enadj.亚洲(人)的;n.亚洲人9. dealdi:lv.(dealtdelt;dealt)对付;对待10. deal with对付;应付11. shyness'ansn.害羞;腼腆12. daredederv.敢于;胆敢13. crowdkradn.人群;观众

16、14. tontnn.吨;(pl.)大量;许多15. private'pravtadj.私人的;私密的16. guard: (r)dn.警卫;看守v.守卫;保卫17. requirer'kwa(r)v.需要;要求18. Europeanj()r'pi:nadj.欧洲（人）的;n.欧洲人19. African'æfrknadj.非洲（人）的;n.非洲人20. British'brtadj.英国的;英国人的21. speechspi:tn.讲话;发言22. public'pblkn.民众;adj.公开的;公众的23. in public公开

17、地;在别人(尤指生人)面前24. antæntn.蚂蚁25. insect'nsektn.昆虫26. seldom'seldmadv.不常;很少27. influence'nflunsv.&n.影响28. absent'æbsntadj.缺席;不在29. failfelv.不及格;失败;未能（做到）30. examinationzæm'nenn.考试;审查31. boarding school'b:(r)d寄宿学校32. in person亲身;亲自33. exactly'zæktliadv

18、.确切地;精确地34. pridepradn.自豪;骄傲35. take pride in为感到自豪36. proudpradadj.自豪的;骄傲的37. be proud of为骄傲;感到自豪38. general'denrladj.普遍的;常规的;总的;n.将军39. introductionntr'dknn.介绍40. grandsonrænsnn.孙子;外孙Unit5 What are the shirts made of?1. chopsticks'tpstks 't:pstksn.筷子2. coinknn.硬币3. forkf:(r)kn.

19、餐叉，叉子4. blouseblaz, blasn.（女士）短上衣;衬衫5. silver'slv(r)n.银，银器;adj.银色的6. glassl:s, læsn.玻璃7. cotton'ktn 'k:tnn.棉;棉花8. steelsti:ln.钢;钢铁9. fairfe(r)fern.展览会;交易会10. environmentalnvarn'mentladj.自然环境的;有关环境的11. grassr:s, ræsn.草;草地12. leafli:fn.(pl.leavesli:vz)叶;叶子13. producepr'dj

20、u:s pr'du:sv.生产;制造;出产14. widely'wadliadv.广泛地;普遍地15. be known for以闻名;为人知晓16. process'prsesv.加工;处理;n.过程17. packpækv.包装;装箱18. product'prdkt'pr:dktn.产品;制品19. Francefr:nsfræns法国20. no matter不论;无论21. local'lkladj.当地的;本地的22. even though虽然;即使23. brandbrændn.品牌;牌子24. av

21、oid'vdv.避免;回避25. handbag'hændbæn.小手提包26. mobile'mbal'mbladj.可移动的;非固定的27. everyday'evrideadj.每天的;日常的28. bossbs b:sn.老板;上司29. Germany'd:(r)mnin.德国30. surface's:(r)fsn.表面;表层31. materialm'triln.材料;原料32. traffic'træfkn.交通;路上行驶的车辆33. postman'pustmnn.邮

22、递员34. capkæpn.（尤指有帽舌的）帽子35. glovelvn.（分手指的）手套36. internationalnt(r)'nænladj.国际的37. competitorkm'pett(r)n.参赛者;竞争者38. paintpeintv.用颜料画;刷漆39. itstsadj.它的40. formf:(r)mn.形式;类型41. clayklen.黏土;陶土42. celebrationsel'bren n.庆典;庆祝活动43. balloonb'lu:nn.气球44. paper cutting剪纸45. scissors

23、'sz(r)zn.(pl.)剪刀46. lively'lavliadj.生气勃勃的;（色彩）鲜艳的47. fairy tale'feri 'feri,tel童话故事48. historicalh'strkl h'st :rkladj.（有关）历史的49. heathi:tn.热;高温50. polish'pl 'p:lv.磨光;修改;润色51. completekm'pli:tv.完成Unit 6 When was it invented?1. heelhi:ln.鞋跟;足跟2. scoopsku:pn.勺;铲子3. el

24、ectricitylek'trstin.电;电能4. stylestaln.样式;款式5. project'prdekt 'pr:dektn.项目;工程6. pleasure'ple(r)n.高兴;愉快7. zipper'zp(r)n.(=zip)拉链;拉锁8. daily'deliadj.每日的;日常的9. have a point有道理10. website'websatn.网站11. pioneerpa'n pa'nrn.先锋;先驱12. listlstv.列表;列清单n.名单;清单13. mention'm

25、ennv.提到;说到14. accidentalæks'dentladj.意外的;偶然的15. by accident偶然;意外地16. nearly'nli'nrliadv.几乎;差不多17. ruler'ru:ln.统治者;支配者18. boilblv.煮沸;烧开19. remainr'menv.保持不变;剩余20. smellsmeln.气味v.(smeltsmeltsmelt; smelled, smelled)发出.气味;闻到21. saintsentn.圣人;圣徒22. national'nænladj.国家的;民

26、族的23. tradetredn.贸易;交易 v.做买卖;从事贸易24. take place发生;出现25. doubtdatn.疑惑;疑问v.怀疑26. without doubt毫无疑问;的确27. fridgefrdn.冰箱28. lowladj.低的;矮的29. somebody'smbdipron.某人;n.重要人物30. translatetræns'letv.翻译31. locklkl:kv.锁上;锁住 n.锁32. earthquake':(r)kwekn.地震33. sudden'sdnadj.突然（的）34. all of a s

27、udden 突然;猛地35. bellbeln.钟（声）;铃（声）36. biscuit'bsktn.饼干37. cookie'kkin.曲奇饼38. nusical'mju:zkladj.音乐的;有音乐天赋的39. instrument'nstrmntn.器械;仪器;工具40. crispy'krspiadj.脆的;酥脆的41. salty's:ltiadj.咸的42. sour'sa(r)adj.酸的;有酸味的43. by mistake 错误地;无意中44. customer'kstm(r)n.顾客;客户45. theOly

28、mpics'lmpks奥林匹克运动会46. Canadiank'nedinadj.加拿大的;加拿大人的 n.加拿大47. divided'vadv.分开;分散48. o 把分开49. basket'b:skt 'bæsktn.篮;筐50. popularityppju'lærti p:pju'lærtin.受欢迎;普及51. not onlybut also.不但而且.52. look up to钦佩:仰慕53. hero'hr 'hrn.英雄;男主角54. profess

29、ionalpr'fenladj.职业的;专业的55. purposep:(r)psn.目的;目标56. Berlinb:(r) 'lin柏林（德国城市)57. NBA58. (NationalBasketballAssociation)国家篮球协会59. （美国职业篮球联赛）60. CBA(ChinaBasketballAssociation)中国篮球协会（中国职业篮球联赛）Unit 7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.1. license'lasnsn.(=licence)证;证件2. s

30、afety'seftin.安全;安全性3. smokesmukv.冒烟;吸烟n.烟4. part-timep:(r)t'tamadj.&adv.兼职（的）5. piercepsprsv.扎;刺破;穿透6. earring'r'rn.耳环;耳饰7. flashflæn.闪光灯;闪光 v.闪耀;闪光8. tiny'taniadj.极小的;微小的9. crykrav.&n.哭;叫喊10. fieldfi:ldn.田野;场地11. hughgn.&v.拥抱;搂抱12. liftlftv.举起;抬高 n.电梯;搭便车13. bad

31、ly'bædliadv.严重的;差;非常14. talk back回嘴;顶嘴15. awful':fladj.很坏的;讨厌的16. teenti:nn.青少年（十三至十九岁之间的）17. regretr'gretv.&n.感到遗憾;懊悔18. poem'pmn.诗;韵文19. communitykmju:ntin.社区;社团20. keep away from避免接近;远离21. chancet:ns tænsn.机会;可能性22. make ones own decision自己做决定23. educate'eduketv.

32、教育;教导24. manage'mændv.完成（困难的事）; 应付（困难局面）25. societys'satin.社会26. get in the way of挡的路;妨碍27. supports'p:(r)tv.&n.支持28. enter'ent(r)v.进来;进去29. choicetsn.选择;挑选30. unitju:ntn.单位;单元31. bedroombedru:mn.卧室Unit 8 It must belong to Carla.1. whosehu:zadj.&pron.谁的;(特)那个人的2. trucktr

33、kn.卡车;货车3. picnic'pknkn.野餐4. rabbit'ræbtn.兔;野兔5. attend'tendv.出席;参加6. valuable'væljubla.很有用的;宝贵的7. pinkpnkadj.粉红色的n.粉红色8. anybody'enibdi'enib:dipron.任何人9. happeninghæpnn.事件;反生的事情(常指Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to1. prefer'prf:(r)v.更喜欢2. lyrics'l

34、rksn.(pl.)歌词3. Australian'strelin :'strelinadj.澳大利亚(人)的; n.澳大利亚人4. electroniclek'trnklek'tr:nkadj.电子的;电子设备的5. supposes'pzv.推断;料想6. smoothsmu:ðadj.平滑的;悦耳的7. sparespe speradj.空闲的;不用的 v.抽出;留出8. directord'rekt(r) da'rekt(r)n.导演;部门负责人9. casekesn.情况;实情10. in that case既然那样;

35、假使那样的话11. warw:(r)n.战争;战争状态12. stickstkv.(stuckstk,stuck)粘贴;将刺入13. stick to坚守;固守14. downdanadj.悲哀;沮丧15. dialogue'dalg 'dal:gn.(=dialog)对话;对白16. ending'end结尾;结局17. documentarydkju'mentri d:kju'mentrin.纪录片18. drama'dr:mn.戏;剧19. plenty'plentipron.大量;众多20. plenty of大量;充足21. s

36、huttv.(shut,shut)关闭;关上22. shut off关闭;停止运转23. superhero'su:p(r)hrun.超级英雄24. once in a while偶尔地;间或25. intelligentn'teldntadj.有才智的;聪明的26. sensesensv.感觉到;意识到n.感觉;意识27. sadness'sædnsn.悲伤;悲痛28. painpenn.痛苦;疼痛;苦恼29. reflectr'flektv.反映;映出30. moving'mu:vadj.动人的;令人感动的31. performp(r)&#

37、39;f:(r)mv.表演;执行32. lifetime'laftamn.一生;有生之年33. pity'ptin.遗憾;怜悯34. total'ttln.总数;合计adj.总的;全体的35. in total总共;合计36. master'm:st 'mæstrn.能手;主人v.掌握37. praiseprezv.&n.表扬;赞扬38. recallr'k:lv.回忆起;回想起39. woundwu:ndn.伤;伤口;创伤40. painful'penfladj.令人痛苦的;令人疼痛的41. horrorhrn.震惊;

38、恐惧42. thrillerrl(r)n.惊险电影（小说、戏剧）43. amazingmeza.令人惊奇;喜的44. World War II第二次世界大战Unit10 You're supposed to shake hands.1. custom'kstmn.风俗;习俗2. bowbav.&n.鞠躬3. kissksv.&n.亲吻;接吻4. greetgri:tv.和.打招呼;迎接5. relaxedr'lækstadj.放松的;自在的6. value'vælju:v.重视;珍视n.价值7. drop by顺便访问;随便进

39、入8. capital'kæptln.首都;国都9. after all毕竟;终归10. noonnu:nn.正午;中午11. madmædadj.很生气;疯的12. get mad大动肝火;气愤13. effort'ef(r)tn.努力;尽力14. make an effort作出努力15. passport'p:sp:t'pæsp:tn.护照16. clean.off把擦掉17. chalkt:kn.粉笔18. blackboard'blækb:(r)dn.黑板19. northern'n:(r)

40、40;(r)nadj.北方的;北部的20. coastkstn.海岸;海滨21. season'si:znn.季;季节22. knocknkn:kv.敲;击23. eastern'i:st(r)nadj.东方的;东部的24. take off飞机等）起飞;匆忙离开25. worthw:(r)adj.值得;有价值（的）26. manner'mæn(r)n.方式;方法 (pl.)礼貌;礼仪27. empty'emptiadj.空的;空洞的28. basic'beskadj.基本的;基础的29. exchangeks'tendn.&v

41、.交换30. go out of ones way特地;格外努力31. make.feel at home使（某人）感到宾至如归32. teenage'ti:nedadj.十几岁的;青少年的33. granddaughter'rænd:t(r)n.（外）孙女34. behaveb'hevv.表现;举止35. exceptk'septprep.除之外conj.除了;只是36. elbow'elbn.肘;胳膊37. gradually'ræduliadv.逐步地;渐进地38. get use to 习惯于39. suggestio

42、ns'destnn.建议40. somewheresmweadv.在某处;到某处Unit 11 Sad movies make mecry.1. rather'r:ð 'ræðadv.相当;相反2. would rather(通常缩写为'd rather)宁愿3. drivedravv.迫使4. drive sb. crazy/mad使人发疯/发狂5. the morethe more越越6. lately'letliadv.最近;不久前7. be friends with sb.成为某人的朋友8. leave out不包括

43、;不提及;忽略9. friendship'frendpn.友谊;友情10. kingkn.君主;国王11. power'pa(r)n.权利;力量12. primepramadj.首要的;基本的13. minister'mnst(r)n.大臣;部长14. prime minister首相;大臣15. banker'bæk(r) n.银行家16. famefemn.名声;声誉17. palepeladj.苍白的;灰白的18. queenkwi:nn.王后;女王19. examine'zæmnv（.仔细地）检查;检验20. norn:(r)

44、conj.&adv.也不21. neither.nor既不也不22. palace'pælsn.王宫;宫殿23. wealthweln.财富;富裕24. to start with起初;开始时25. greygrea.阴沉的;昏暗的;灰色的26. lemon'lemnn.柠檬27. uncomfortablen'kmf(r)tbladj.使人不舒服的;令人不舒服的28. weightwetn.重量;分量29. shoulder'ld(r)n.肩;肩膀30. goalgln.球门;射门;目标31. let.down使失望32. coachktn.

45、教练;私人教师33. kickkkv.踢;踹34. kick sb. off开除某人35. be hard on sb.对某人苛刻;对某人要求严厉36. besidesb'sazadv.而且37. teammate'ti:mmetn.同队队员;队友38. courage'krd'k:rdn.勇敢;勇气39. rather than而不是40. guyan.(非正式)家伙;(pl.)伙计们41. pullplv.拉;拖42. pull together齐心协力;通力合作43. reliefr'li:fn.轻松;解脱44. nodndn:dv.点头45. a

46、greement'gri:mntn.一致;同意46. faultf:ltn.过失;缺点47. disappointds'pntv.使失望Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.1. unexpectednk'spektdadj.出乎意料的;始料不及的2. by the time.在以前3. backpack'bækpækn.背包;旅行包4. oversleepv(r)'sli:pv.(oversleptv(r)'slep, overslept)睡过头;睡得太久5. ringrv.(rang

47、ræn,rungr(钟,铃等)鸣;响6. give.a lift捎（某人）一程7. blockblk bl:kn.街区8. in line with(与 )成一排9. worker'w:(r)k(r)n.工作者;工人10. starestesterv.盯着看;凝视11. disbeliefdsb'li:fn.不信;怀疑12. above'bvprep.在上面adv.在上面;向上面13. burnb:(r)nv.(burntb:(r)nt;burnt;burned b:(r)ndburned)着火;燃烧14. burning'b:(r)nadj.着火的;

48、燃烧的15. alive'lavadj.活着;有生气的16. airport'ep:(r)tn.机场17. tilltlconj.&prep.到;直到18. westwestadv.向西;朝西n.西;西方 adj.向西的;西部的19. creamkri:mn.奶油;乳脂20. workday'w:(r)kden.工作日21. piepan.果馅饼;果馅派22. show up赶到;露面23. beanbi:nn.豆;豆荚24. market'ma:(r)ktn.市场;集市25. by the end of在(某时间点)以前26. foolfu:ln.蠢人

49、;傻瓜 v.愚弄27. costume'kstju:m 'k:stju:mn.(特定场合穿的)服装;装束28. embarrassedm'bærstadj.窘迫的;害羞的29. costume party化妆舞会30. announce'nansv.宣布;宣告31. spaghettisp'etn.意大利面条32. hoaxhksn.骗局;恶作剧33. sell out 卖光34. discoveryd'skvrin.发现;发觉35. lady'ledin.女士;女子36. cancel'kænslv.取消;终

50、止37. officer'fs':fsn.军官;官员38. believableb'li:vbladj.可相信的;可信任的39. disappeards'pv.消失;不见40. embarrassingm'bærsadj.使人害羞的(难堪的或惭愧的)41. missmsv.错过;未得到42. NewZealandnju:'zi:lnd新西兰43. Italy'tli意大利44. Marsma:(r)z火星45. Mattmæt马特（男名）46. Kevin'kevn凯文（男名)47. Carlka:(r)l卡尔

51、（男名）48. Orson Welles':(r)snwelz奥森韦尔斯Unit13 We're trying to savetheearth!1. litter'lt(r)v.乱扔n.垃圾;废弃物2. bottom'btm'b:tmn.底部;最下部3. fisherman'f(r)mnn.渔民;钓鱼的人4. coalkln.煤;煤块5. ugly'liadj.丑陋的;难看的6. advantaged'v:ntd d'væntdn.优点;有利条件7. costkstk:stv.(cost,cost)花费n.花费;

52、价钱8. woodenwdnadj.木制的;木头的9. plastic'plæstkadj.塑料的n.塑料;塑胶10. takeaway'tekwen.外卖食物11. binbnn.垃圾箱12. shark:(r)kn.鲨鱼13. finfnn（.鱼）鳍14. cruel'kru:ladj.残酷的;残忍的15. harmful'h:(r)mfladj.有害的16. be harmful to对有害17. at the top of在.顶部或顶端18. chaintenn.链子;链条19. the food chain食物链20. ecosystem'i:ksstmn.生态系统21. industry'ndstrin.工业;行业22. lawl:n.法律;法规23. sci