Unit_3课件名词性从句１[1]

1、Related Conception (相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词: 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。同位语。The boy is li Ming.主语表语Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主语同位语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当语、表语和同位语，由一个

2、句子来充当,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫名词性从句。名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole

3、school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.( (主从主从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (宾从宾从) )( (表从表从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (定从定从) )( (主从主从) )主语从句主语从句在句中充当主语的从句叫做

4、主语从句。在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。他星期三来这里是肯定的。他星期三来这里是肯定的。 That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词都要加上从属连词thatthat他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.注意：主语从句表示注意：主语从句表示“是否是否” ” 只用只用“whether” whether” 而不用而不用“i

5、f”if”主语从句主语从句主语从句有时用主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。It is known to us that he will come here.It + be + 形容词形容词 that从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that . 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显It + be + -ed分词分词 that从句从句It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to u

6、s/all that . 众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定用用it形式主语的形式主语的that从句有以下四种从句有以下四种不同的搭配：不同的搭配：It + be + 名词名词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是It + 不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that . 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me t

7、hat 我突然想起我突然想起表语从句表语从句在句中充当表语的从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在即放在be动词后面动词后面)叫做表语从句。叫做表语从句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：表语从句表示注意：表语从句表示“是否是否” ” 只用只用“whether” whether” 而不

8、用而不用“if”if”试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。是属于哪种从句再完成。( (表从表从) )( (定从定从) )( (定从

9、定从) )宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语的句子叫做在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句。我不知道你会来这里。我不知道你会来这里。I dont know （that） you will come here.注意：注意：thatthat在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。或非正式的文体中常常被省去。我不知道他来不来。我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？他不在乎天气是否好。他不在乎天气是否好。I dont know whether

10、/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.注意：在宾语从句中，表示注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否是否”既可以用既可以用whether,whether,也可以用也可以用if.if.但是，但是，whetherwhether常与常与or or notnot连用；作介词宾语只用连用；作介词宾语只用whether; whether; 从句是否从句是否定句时一般用定句时一

11、般用ifif。宾语从句中的否定转移宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )注意：如果宾语从句是由注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, think, believe, imagine, supposeimagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。中的否定形式转移到主句中去。宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语We think it our duty that we

12、 should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用语时，一般用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。补后面。同位语从句同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如同位语从句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有等含有

13、丰富内涵的词语后面，丰富内涵的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词用来说明前面那个词的具体内容的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句都用。一般说来，同位语从句都用that来作连接词，而且不能省略来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用。也可用how, when, where等。等。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know

14、the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1. 1. 如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的同位语从句中的thatthat只起连接作用。只起连接作用。 2. 2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。( (同从同从) )( (定从定从) )一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g

15、. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。2、两种从句都可以用、两种从句都可以用that引导引导 e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth consid

16、ering. （同位语从句）（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）（定语从句）值得考虑的值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。用的东西。一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处二、同位语从句与定语二、同位语从句与定语 从句的从句的不同之处不同之处1 1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步

17、 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明（从句说明“消息消息”的内容：的内容：我们队我们队取得了决赛胜利。取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对（从句对“消息消息”加以限定：是加以限定：是你告诉我们的你告诉我们的，而非而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不

18、得而知。）二、同位语从句与定语二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处从句的不同之处2 2、引导从句的关联词、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何不充当任何成分）成

19、分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。），又在从句中充当主语。）Tell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3.The suggestion that students shoul

20、d learn something practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.AppositiveACAppositiveACPredicativePredicativeI. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences说出下列从句的功能：说出下列从句的功能：A: Appositive（同位（同位语）语）; B: At

21、tributive（定语）（定语）1. His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.2. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent?5. Is this the company where your father w

22、orks?6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence.7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.BBB1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go

23、 is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that7