雅思阅读分类词汇(场景)

1、精品文档IELTS 阅读分类词汇=阅读分类词汇 =心理theorem原理，定理 v.s. theorymethodology方法论 (method)physiology生理学 (physiological)psychiatry精神病学 psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysiscorrelation相互关系 correlation coefficientsensation感觉，知觉 ( 另 ) 轰动 sensationalperception感知，认知intuition知觉 (intuitive)ESP第六感 (Extrasensory Perc

2、eption)motivate激励 àmotivation ( bonus, commission,)incentive激励因素stimulus刺激 àstimulate, stimulationdisorder紊乱，失调dysfunction机能障碍 dys(=dis) + functiondissonance不和谐，不一致 dis + son(sound) +ancetrauma创伤 (traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11anxiety焦虑 (= anxiousness)depression沮丧 (de + press + io

3、n) depressedv.s. repression (压抑 )insomnia失眠phobia恐惧 ( 症) suffix: -phobiaacrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFLenophobiaa fear of foreigners or strangersclaustrophobiaa fear of being closed in a confined placeallergy过敏(症) ，反感 (allergic)HpensityMost boys have a propensity of play

4、ingwith machinery.=tendency, inclination。1欢迎下载精品文档paranoid偏执的 paranoia ( 偏执狂 )workaholic工作狂 (alcoholic)symptom症状diagnosis诊断 (n.)diagnose(v.)ArthurHaily:“The FinalDiagnosis ”electroencephalogram 脑电图 electrocardiogram (心电图 )assertive武断的 (assert)therapy治疗法 group therapyhypnotism催眠术 ( hypnotize)prescrib

5、e开药方 v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribeàprescription: drugsantidepressant抗抑郁药tranquilizer镇静药 (tranquil)side-effect (+s)副作用immune免疫的，免除的 ( immunity)rehabilitation复原，康复relapse旧病复发，故态复萌 v.s. elapse子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜！chronic慢性的adulthood childhoodpuberty青春发动期adolescence青春期 (the time of life between pu

6、berty and adulthood)emotional rationalaffective情感的 (affection)sane神智健全的 insanesuperstition迷信 superstitioustelepathy传心术，通灵术 tele(faraway) + pathy(heart)numerology,palmistryapathy无感情，无兴趣，冷漠 (= indifference)sympathy:sym(same) + pathypathology病理学，病理，病变delusion迷惑，欺瞒 v.s. illusiondisorientation迷失 (dis + o

7、rientation) disorientedpervert使反常 / 变态 反常 / 变态者 perversionintrospection内省 v.s. retrospection (回顾，反省 )sublimation纯化，升华 sublimepersonality= personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格 )innate天赋的 in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenitalattribute属性 ( àattributable)trait特征，品质 national traits国民性

8、vs. traitor。2欢迎下载精品文档=阅读分类词汇 =科技ubiquitous普遍存在的 = omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent)versatile( 人) 多才多艺的， ( 物) 通用的 àversatilityalchemy炼金术transmute变形，变质 transmute silver into gold (!)arduous艰巨的 (=strenuous)an arduous taskpitfall陷阱，未预见之困难metallurgy冶金alloy合金aluminum= aluminium (BE) calcium, urani

9、um, radium,copper,brass, bronzeelectrode电极distill蒸馏 distilled waterquartz石英phosphorus磷，磷光物质inflammable易燃的 (flame)combustion燃 烧(combustible)spontaneouscombustion (whitephosphorus)ceramic陶瓷的 瓷器 (ceramics)insulate隔离，绝缘 insulator ( conductor fiber纤维 (BE: fibre)fiber optics (纤维光学 )optics光学 (àoptical

10、)retina视网膜iris虹膜opaque不透明的 v.s. transparent, translucentmicroprocessor微处理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit), chipbinary二进制的integrateintegration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration(SI)buffer缓冲区 buffer storagebrowser浏览器 (IE, Netscape)hypertext超文本envisage想象，看作 en + vis(see) + agebe envisaged as。3欢

11、迎下载精品文档momentous( 极为 ) 重要的 v.s. momentaryreticular网状的Ethernet以太网domain域 domain namescyberlaw网络法律“cyber- “:Internetrelatedcyberlove,cybercafe,patent专 利(patented)v.s.copyright, piratedsoftware/VCD schronological按 时 间 顺 序 的 “chron ”:timechronic,chronicle,chronographrobot机器人 ( “肉包它 ”) roboticsartificial

12、人造的，做作的 artificial satellite/smilecone圆锥体，锥形物 the nose cone of a missileJupiter木星Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturnexorbitant过度的，过分的，过高的 ex(out) + orbit + antcentripetal向心 ( 力) 的 centrifugalhigh-rise高楼 ( skyscraper)cathedral大教堂dome圆顶 (a hemispherical roof)infrastructure基础设施 superstructuresewage污水，下水道hydra

13、ulic水力的，水压的landfill垃圾掩埋 ( 地)ventilation通风thermostat温 控 器thermo(hot)+stat(steady)thermos,thermometer,thermonuclearprefabricate预先制造 prefab (预制的 )polytechnic各种工艺的 理工学校 Hong Kong Polytechnicgeometric几何 ( 学) 的 geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure)asymmetry不对称 a(not) + sym(same) + metry() symmetryconcave凹的

14、 convex bilateral双边的，两方面的 unilateralparadoxical“似非而是 ”的paradox ( 悖论 )empirical经验的 empirical law/formulaclockwise顺时针的 ( anticlockwise。4欢迎下载精品文档=阅读分类词汇 =教育accommodation( 膳宿 ) 供应 = room and boardlodging寄宿( 处)lease出租 “for lease”, “to let ”v.s. renttenant房客，佃户landlord房 东 à landlady(f)? Lord, tenant,

15、housemate roommate, dormmate, schoolmate, classmatedormitory寝室 (abbrev. dorm)au pairA young foreignerwho liveswitha familyin return fordoing light housework( 另 ) = reciprocalreciprocal相互的，互惠的hostelyouth hostel hotelreal estate房地产vicinity= neighborhoodflat平的，瘪的 flat tire公寓 (= apartment) condo, studio

16、bond= depositlinen亚麻的 亚麻织品，床单 (= bed linen)utensil器皿stationery文具 (v.s. stationary)laundry洗衣，洗衣店cafeteria自助餐厅 canteencater满足 ( 需要)aerobics有氧健身操 “aero ”: airbadminton羽毛球(运动)baseball棒球 baseball batsquash壁球( 运动 )amateur professionalgathering聚会 v.s. meeting, reunionexcursion远足 (= outing, expedition)commo

17、nwealth共和国，联邦 Commonwealth: 英联邦tertiary第三的 After purchasing a house and a car, the nextmajor lifeexpenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary。5欢迎下载精品文档education.primaryàsecondaryàtertiarypost-secondary“post ”: afterpostgraduate,postdoctoral,post-sale,postwarilliterate文盲 不识字的 il(no)

18、+ literate(words)àilliteracy( literacy discipline学科，纪律 v.s. subjectterminology术语facultydepartment and staff of a college/universitydean(大学)教务长curriculum课程 (= course) àextracurricular课外的syllabus课程提纲calendar日历，日程 ( schedule, agenda, timetable)compulsory强制的，必修的 elective (选修的 )examiner examine

19、e take/sit,pass/get through, fail,retake/resitrecruit招生，招募 recruitment= enrollprestige声望，威信 àprestigiousesteem尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/companyaptitude智力 SAT: School Aptitude Testmatriculation录取入学vocation职业 (= calling, occupation, career)àvocationalvocational educationTAFETechni

20、cal And Further Education (Australian)abbreviation缩略 ( 词) abridge ( 缩短，删节 )transferable( 学分等 ) 可转换的scholarship奖学金 = fellowshiptutorial辅导 ( 课 ) ? tutor (= lecturer, instructor)pedagogue教员，学究 pedagogy ( 教育学，教学法 ) demagogue ( 政治煽动家 )lexicography词典编撰 ( àlexicographer)assignment任务，(课外)作业dissertation

21、论文 (= thesis)credential证明，文凭 “cred ”: creditlinguistic credentialsalumni校友 ( 男) alumnaeoverestimate高估 ( underestimate decipher解码，解释 (= decode)decipher workplace culturecaliber才干。6欢迎下载精品文档=阅读分类词汇 =文化homogeneous同质的 homo + gene +ous( heterogeneous homosexual,heterosexualmainstream主流 主流的dialect方言 (v.s.

22、accent)discrepancy差异misconception误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier障碍 ( 物) bar, = barricadediscrimination区别，歧视 racial/sexualdiscrimination ? discriminate(+against)hierarchy等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity岛国性质 ( ? insular, island).microcosm小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia= homesickn

23、esspatriot爱国者 ( traitoràpatriotic, patriotismcompatriot同胞 同胞的 com + patriotvernacular本地的，本国的 本地话，本国话 the vernacularlanguagesof IndiaHispanicAn American whose first language was Spanishimmigration移入 immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration ( emigrant,emigrate)antipodesAny two placesorregions on diame

24、tricallyopposite sidesof the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur企业家 ( enterprise)àentrepreneurshippractitioner开业者，从业者 praction(practice) + ercelebritya famous person= luminary, VIPproxy代理人anecdote轶事 ( àanecdotal)notoriety恶名 ( ? not

25、orious)counterpart对应人，对等物 Whos George Bushs counterpartin Chinacounterculture, counterbalance。7欢迎下载精品文档peer同等的人 凝视，窥视 ( peep)subordinate下级 下级的 superiortactics战术，技巧 v.s. strategy ( 战略，策略 ) marketing strategyv.s. sellingtacticsnuancea subtle difference in meaningbenchmarking类比分析punctual准时的，守时的 ( à

26、;punctuality)absenteeism旷工 absent àabsenteeàabsenteeismflextime弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + timeharass骚扰 ( àharassment)Mary said that Gary had sexuallyharassed her.redundancy冗余，冗员 network redundancydownsize裁员 ( lay off)ballot投票 (= vote)impartial不偏不倚的 ( partiallobby大堂 (n.)游说 (v.)shortlist(B

27、E) a listof applicantswho have been deemedsuitable andfromwhich the successful person will be chosenà(v.)equilibrium平衡，均衡questionnaire调查表，问卷quantitative定量的 ( qualitativecontingency偶然性，偶然事件incur招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethicaldubious疑惑的，可疑的

28、( doubt)People were dubious about theresult.manifestation显示，证明 ( ? manifest)subtitle字幕，副标题 (sub + title) subsidiary, submarine,subway (BE:underground, tube), suburb(downtown, uptown, outskirts)dubbing配音录制vogue时尚 chicbizarre奇异的 v.s. weird (怪异的 )mediocre平庸的dietitian饮食学家 ( diet)connoisseur行家，鉴赏家 entr &

29、#233;e, a la carte。8欢迎下载精品文档=雅思阅读分类词汇 =-生物 / 生理molecule分子 àmolecularcellcellularaminoàamino acids (氨基酸 )protein蛋白质enzyme酶 (proteinsthatare produced by cells and act as catalystsincatalystspecific biochemical reactions)催化剂chlorophyll叶绿素 “chloro- ”: Clphotosynthesis光合作用 (photo + synthesis)&#

30、224;photosyntheticbotany植物学( zoology àbotanist, botanicalflora植物群fauna动物群bacterium bacteria (pl.)细菌fungus fungi (pl.)真菌algae alga (pl.)海藻herbàherbal: tea àherbicide ( insecticide, pesticide)carnation康乃馨 àreincarnationfade凋谢，褪色organism机体，组织 ? organarthropod节肢动物 v.s. anthropoid ()r

31、eptile爬行动物amphibian两栖动物mammal哺乳动物 ( ? mamma!)primate灵长目动物evolution进化 ( ? evolve)anthropoid类 人 猿( “anthrop ”:humankind)anthropology,philanthropy v.s.ape, gorilla, chimpanzeegene基因 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genome (基因组 )genetics遗传学 ( àgenetical)。9欢迎下载精品文档helix螺旋，螺旋壮物analyze every single gene wi

32、thin thedouble helixof humanity s DNAidentical同一的 identity (àID card) clonemutation突变 gene mutationàmutable, immutable, mutantpredator捕食者 ( prey embryo胚胎 àembryonic (萌芽的 )roe鱼子 caviar (鱼子酱 )tadpole蝌蚪 frog, toad ( told)caterpillar毛 毛 虫(cater + pillar)TheAmerican Company:Caterpillar (CA

33、T)grasshopper蚱蜢，蝗虫 (= locust)grass + hopper, bellhopcricket蟋蟀 ( 另)板球butterflyv.s. moth dragonfly, fireflypollen花粉 传粉 àpollinate, pollinationhive蜂房 honey, concoctionlarva larvae (pl.)幼虫 v.s. lavapupa蛹 àpupatepenguin企鹅 v.s. dolphin (海豚 )raccoon浣熊 v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠 )hibernate冬眠 (=hole up)torp

34、id麻木的，蛰伏的 v.s. torpedo (鱼雷 )cerebral(大)脑的hemisphere半球 (hemi + sphere)cortex脑皮层migraine偏头疼 ? migrantsomatic躯体的limb四肢upper/lower limbanatomy解剖，剖析paralyze使瘫痪 (=incapacitate, immobilize)artery动脉 ( vein gland腺体pancreas胰hormone荷尔蒙，激素cholesterol胆固醇efficacy功效 v.s. efficiency, effectiveness。10欢迎下载精品文档=雅思阅读分类

35、词汇 =环境问题conservation保护，保存 ( ? conserve)v.s. conversationenvironmentalist = conservationistacid酸 酸的 ( alkali acid raincarbon碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxidefumeexhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smogpetroleum石油 àpetrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE) àunleaded petrol/gasozone臭氧 (o

36、 + zone)ozone layerooze渗出 渗出物radiation辐射 ultraviolet(UV) radiation radioactivegreenhouse温室 greenhouse effect/gasessolar太阳的 (solar energy) lunar (lunar calendar)phenomenon现象catastrophe= disaster, cataclysmdeterioration恶化 (? deteriorate)extinction灭绝 (? extinct)speciesendangered speciesdrought干旱 ( “找它

37、”) famine v.s. floodingrecurrent反复发生的 re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrentinundate淹没 “淹掉它 ”embankment筑堤 (em + bank + ment)sediment沉积（物） = depositdelta三角洲 the Pearl River Deltaalluvial冲积的desertification(v.s. dessert)dust-storm沙尘暴 thunderstorm, brainstormbarren贫瘠的，不育的，无效的dunesand dune the game “DUNE”!at

38、tributable归因于 be attributable todeforestation滥 砍 滥 伐 （ 森 林 ） de + forest+ ation afforestation/reforestationlog原木，日志 伐木 v.s. logovegetation植物，植被 v.s. vegetable, vegetarian。11欢迎下载精品文档habitat栖息地 ? habit (Habit is the second nature.)ecosystem生态系统 (eco + system) ecologyviability? viable“vi ”: life养育能力 On

39、e tool for assessing theimpact offorestryon the ecosystem ispopulation viabilityanalysis.demographic人口统计的 demo(people) + graph(write) + icinterdependence inter + dependencecounterbalance使平衡，弥补 (=offset)counter(against) + balancemechanism机理，机制precipitation陡降，降水 ( ? precipice) evaporationcirculation流通

40、，循环tide àtidal wave (海啸 ) ebb earthquaketyphoon tornado, hurricanemeteorology气象(学)volcano火山eruption喷发 ( ? erupt)volcanic eruption lavagranite花岗岩imminent= impending v.s. eminentCelsius摄氏的 37OCv.s. centigradeFahrenheit华氏的latitude纬度 ( 另 ) longitude, altitudetropical?(the)tropicstropical/torridzone

41、, temperate zone,frigid zoneglacier冰川dump倾倒，倾销 àanti-dumpingcontaminate弄脏 ( àcontaminant)recycle回收再利用irreversible不可逆的 (= irrevocable)reclaim开垦，改造 àreclamationcontentious有争议的 ( ? contend)Many environmental issues todayare highlycontentious.opt选择 (+ for) àoptionprioritize优先考虑 ( ? p

42、rior, priority)。12欢迎下载精品文档=雅思分类词汇 =医院mental hospital精神病医院 clinic诊所physician/internist内科医生 oculist/eye doctor眼科医生surgon外科医生 dentist牙医 vet兽医 shrink 心理医生symptom症状have/catch a cold感冒have a sore throat嗓子痛have a stomachache 胃痛have a fever发烧pneumonia肺炎flu流感have a cough咳嗽have a headache头痛have a toothache牙痛liver trouble肝炎allergy过敏症twisted/sprained扭伤的feel dizzy头晕feel chilly觉得发冷asthma哮喘diabetics糖尿病患者cramps 抽筋vomit/t