牛津上海版英语四年级上语法全)

1、英语笔记(四、五年级)目录1 .音标(P1-6)2 .反义词(P7)3 .人称代词(P8)4 .动名词(P9)5 .可数名词的复数变化形式(P10)6 .(工星期和月份的词汇(P11)8. 基数词和序数词的用法(P12)9. tobe句型(P13)10. 含有have/has的句型(P14)11. can句型(P15)12. therebe句型(P16)13. 祈使句(P17)14. todo句型(P18)15.u改写句子1-否认句(P19)17. 改写句子2-一般疑问句及肯定、否认答复(P20)18. 改写句子3特殊疑问句(P21)19. (P)20. (P)21. (P)22. (P)23

2、. (P)24. .&(P)26. (P)27. (P)28. (P)29. (P)30. (P)31. (P)32. (P)33. 二«(P)35. (P)36. (P)37. (P)38. (P)39. (P)音标1. a/ei/caketablemakeJaneplatesnakenamefaceplaceplanetakegatetapetastebabyladypaperstationfavouriteai/ei/tailrainrainytrainwaitaVei/dayhaygrayMaymayplaysaywayawaytodaybirthdayhurraye

3、y/ei/theygreysurveyea/ei/greatbreakei/ei/eight2. aanandatbadbagblackcancatcatchdadfathandhathavehassadjampianolampmanmapstampstandthankthatvanangryapplehappyjacketpandarabbitsaladtaxitrafficanimalfamilySaturdaypiano3. e/i-/hemeshebewetheseeveningzebraPeterEvaChineseJapanesee/i7beefeelgreenkneemeetne

4、edseeseedsheepsleepstreettreesweepsweetthreekeep$e./j-/beachbeancleaneatleafmeatpeachpleasereadseateaeasyseasonteachereasti/i：/pizzaie/j：/pieceeo/j：/people4. e/e/eggbeddesktenpenpencilredsevenKendressgethelpleftlegletnetnextsmelltellthemthenwellwestwhenwetyesclevereveryjellyletterpresentquestionseco

5、ndtennisverywelcomeyellowtogethereleventwelveelephantea/e/breadheadweatherbreakfastheavyie/e/frienda/e/anymany只有两个5.,6. i/ai/likekitebicyclebikeMikenicenineIchildclimbdrivedriverfinehiiceice-creammicericerideshinesignslidesmletjmewhitewildwritetigerbehindbesidelibrarypineappleminelineigh/ai/highligh

6、tnightrightbrighttonighty/ai/bycrydryflymyskytrywhyie/ai/tiepiefries1uy/ai/buyeye/ai/eye7. ihlbigpigpinkJimhishimisititsplayingwithstickdrinkfishgiftgiveinlistmilkMisspickshipsingsitspringswimswingthinthingthiswindbiscuitchickchickenchildrendinnerkitchenlistenlittlesisterwindowwinterpicturerabbitani

7、malmorningwillsixslimy/l/lovelyslowlyDannypartyhappyDollyTonyKittyverysunnycloudywindyrainysnowyfamilylibrarybusyanymanyprettye/i/puppetbasketelevenpeacheselephantsupermarkettoiletprettyu/l/busyeyIIImonkeymoney8. o/oo/oldcoldgophotoroseholdcloseclothesfoldhomenonoseropesothoseopenoverhelloOctoberpia

8、noFloov/qj/blowbowlslowsnowknowgrowshowyellowwindowrainbowcrowoa/o/boatcoatroadgoatou/go/shoulderoe/ou/toeJoe9.)-oor/g/Poorour/g/tourure/g/sure11. o/d/dogboxshophotBonniecrossfoxlonglotnotnodonsoftsongstopstrongbodycoffeeofficedoctorchocolatevolleyballOctobera/p/wantwatchwhatwashau/d/sausagebecauseo

9、r/d/orangesorryborrowtomorrow12. u/a/ducksunsunnycutcupRussrunupsummerbusbutjumpmuchlunchmumusbutterbutterflyhungryfunfunnynumberrubberstudySundayuglyuncleunderumbrellatrunkusclubo/a/lovelovelycomesomesometimesfrontsonbrothercolourMondaymonkeymoneymotherabovebecomeotherMM/MM/9MMOHMOMBoiAVtouchroughy

10、oungcousin13. ar/q7carcardarmartfarmdarkfarhardMarchparkstarstrrtgardenpartyscarflargesharpsmartmarketsupermarketyardm2a/a：/askclassdancefastglassgrasspastplantafterafternoonfatherbasketballbananaanswerbathbranchau/a：/auntlaughal/0：/halfear/a:/heart14. y/j/yesyearyellowyouyouryoungyummy15. (oo/u:/co

11、olfoodmoonroomrootschoolsmoothspoontootoothzooafternoonpoolu/u:/JunerulerJudyruleue/u:/bluegluetrueSueo/u:/dowhowhosetoou/u:/groupsoupyouui/u:/fruitjuice17.u/ju:/pupiltubemusicuseusefulsupercuteunitsupermarketcomputerusuallytunestudentew/ju:/newnewsnewspaper18.al/：/or/.：/aw/O：/au/：/ar/：/oor/o：/eau/j

12、u:/beautifulallballcallhallsmalltalktallwalkwallalwayschalkfallsaltsaltyfoehocseorshortcomsportbeforemoretortoisedrawseesawstrawberryautumnAugustLaurawarmquarterawardour/：/a/：/fouryouryourswaterdoorfloorer/3：/ur/3：/or/3：/ear/3：/20.2100/u/u/u/o/u/OU/u/9/9/9/0/aeoiaugh/：/daughter19.ir/3：/birdgirlshirt

13、skirtfirstsirbirthdaycircledirtythirstythirteenthirdthirtyhertermnurseturnThursdaypursewordworldworkworkerlearnearlybookcookfootgoodlookfootballgoodbyeclassroomfullpullpushputsugarbull°womanwolfwouldshouldcouldaboutawaywomanpizzazebra_cinemavegetablebananachildrencinemacameragardenchocolatecomp

14、uterpotatosecondtodaytogethertonightwelcomebeautifulAprilterribleu/n/autumndifficultAugustminuser13afterbrotherclevermotherfathersisterDecemberdinnerfingerletternumberOctoberoverriverrubberrulersummersuperunderwaterweatherafternoonsupermarkettrouserscomputeror/./doctormirrorscissorsarsugarur/./Satur

15、day23. ou/au/ow/au/24. ear/ia/eer/iQ/ea/19/ere/19/25. ere/es/ear/ea/eir/es/air/e©/are/ea/cloudcloudycounthouseloudaloudmousemouthoutshoutroundsoundsouthtrousersaboutouchcowhownowbrowndowntownwowbowowlearhearneardearfearteardeerbeerengineerideatheatreheretherewherebearpearweartheirairchairhairpa

16、irsharesquareClareae/ea/aeroplane26. oy/oi/boytoyJoyceoi/oi/toiletnoisepointvoice27. th/0/thinthreethankthickthingmouthbirthdaytooththinkthirdThursdaythrowbothnorthsouthmonththirtythirsty28. th/d/thisthatthesethosetheythemtheirtheresmoothbrotherfathermotherwithclothestogetherweatherthethen29. ch/t17

17、chairchickchickenchildchildrenChinaChinesechocolateteachteacherbeachlunchMarchmuchpeachtouchwhich?branchtch/t|7watchcatchmatchkitchen30. (sish/J/shesheepshineshipshoeshortshouldershowshutbrushshopdishfishpushwashwishEnglishrubbishs/f/suresugar32. w/w/waitwalkwallwantwarmwaterwayweweekWednesdaywellwe

18、stwetwildwillwinwindwindowwindywinterwomanwordworkworldwouldswimswingsweepsweetswayalwayswh/w/whatwherewhitewhywhichwhen33. k/k/parkbasketballaskworkerbikebookcookdarklakelikelookmakekitchentalkwalkweekworkskyc/k/cakecleancancarcoatcoldcolourcomecomputercookcoolcopycorncountcowcupcutactdifficultrect

19、angleOctoberscarfbecausebecomechocolatedoctorpicnicpicturesecondck/k/chickchickenjacketbackclockrockduckknockpicksocksickquickch/k/schoolChristmas*x/ks/boxfoxsixtaxitextnextexercise34. I/I/lateleafletletterlightlikelistenlittlelivelooklotloudslideslowearlyrulersaladtoiletuglyoldfimmilkwildbowlcoolfe

20、elgirlpooltailII/I/helloallballtalldollfullbellfallsmelltellsmallwallwellw川35.s/s/sadsaladSaturdaysayseaseeseedsellsevensixsicksirsistersitsmartsmellsmilesmoothsnakesnowsnowysosoapsonsunsoupSundaysunnyAugustbesidedeskaskeastlistfirstmustpastposttastebusmouseusss/s/classclassroomglassmissMissgrassgue

21、ssdresscrosslessonc(i),c(e),c(y)/s/cinemacirclecityiceDecemberfacejuicemiceniceofficepieceplacericetwicevoicebicycle36. f/f/facefallfamilyfanfarmfastfatfeedfeelfilmfindfinefirstfoldfoodfootfootballforfourfoxfullfunnyafterafternoonoftenbeforegiftleftsofthalfknifeleafscarf5ff/f/offofficecoffeetraffic(

22、注：off/pf/of/gv/)ph/f/photophotographphonetelephonegh/f/rough/rAf/laugh/la:f/37. cl/kl/38. pl/pl/39. gl/gl/40. bl/bl/41. fl/fl/42.classclevercloudcloudyclimbclockdoseclothesClarecirclebicyclenlace由neplant由te包ay良usap包epeoplepurpleglassgladglueGladysglovestrianglerectangleblueblackblowtableflowerflyflo

23、orflag=si/si/slowslowlyslide44. sk/sk/deskmaskaskskateskateboardskiskyscarfsketchbookScarlet45. sp/sp/was2crisessinskinnerslider生ringsortspeak46. st/st/toastpostpostmanpastlasttastestopstandstarstaystick47. dr/dr/drydressdrawdreamdrivedriverdrum1.WWWprcrtrprincessprinceprettypricepresentcr

24、eamice-creamcrycrayoncrowtreetrytraintruetrouserstrucktraffictraveltrianglestreet0.61.h/h/hehowhellohihorsehouseheadhairholdwh/h/whowhosets/ts/catshatsputsgetsratsrabbitskitessweetsparentss/s/likesbikesthanksstampsmapscatshatsrabbitskitessweetsds/dz/bedsheadsfriendsbirdslizardssee

25、dss/z/usemusiceasyvisitknivesseasonclosenosewallsshoesunclesbeesfrogsdriverschickensnoodlesbedsfriendsseedshensn/n/ninenicefinethennotnosetenhenkn/n/knifekneeknockbng/g/singwingswinglongvounethingmorningsongwrongn(k)/f)/thinkthankbankinkblankpinktrunkmonkeyn(g)/r)/hungryEnglishs/J/usuallyusuals(ure)

26、/3/pleasures(ion)/j/televisionvisionj/d3/jobjumpjeepjamJimJackjuicejuicyjudgeJapanJapaneseg/dj/orangeagecagepagegiraffesausagedge/d3/语法1：bridgefridgejudge1.big大的small小的3.long长的-short短的5.new新的-old旧的7.yes是-no不是9.hard硬的一soft软的11.open翻开close关闭反义词2.tall高的-short矮的4.fat胖的一thin瘦的6.young年轻的-old老的8.on在上一under

27、在下10.rough粗糙的一smooth光滑的12.sit坐一stand站13.white白的一black黑的15.fast快的-slow慢的17.hot热的一81d冷的e来-go去ein进来一goout出去23.clean干净的-dirty脏的14.this这-that那16.fast快地一slowly慢地18.cool凉爽的-warm温暖的20.in在里一out在外22.good好的-bad坏的24.up向上-down向下25.here这里一there那里27.wet湿的一dry干的26. happy开心的一sad伤心的28. puton穿上一takeoff脱下40.behind在后面-i

28、nfrontof在前面42.turnup调高-turndown调低44.busy忙的-free空闲的29. thin细的,薄的一thick粗的,厚的31.these这些一those那些33.after在之后-before在之前35full满的一empty空的37.funny有趣的一boring无聊的39.light轻的-heavy重的41.turnon翻开-turnoff关闭43.easy容易的一difficult难的30.beautiful/nice-ugly丑的32.sweet甜的-bitter苦的/sour/salty34.hungry饿的-full饱的36.afraid害怕的一brav

29、e勇敢的38.bright明亮的一dark黑暗的45.right右边一left左边47.ask问-answer答复49.strong强壮的一weak虚弱的51.much许多一little很少+不可数53.buy买-sell卖55.west西方一east东方46.right对的-wrong错的48.sharp尖的,锋利的一blunt钝的50.many许多-few很少+可数52.first首先一last最后54.north北方-south南方56.7语法2：人称代词主格宾格所有格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词1我me我my我的mine我的myself我自己you你,你们you你,你们you

30、r你的,你们的yours你的,你们的yourself你自己he他him他his他的his他的himself他自己she她her她her她的hers她的herself她自己it它it它its它的its它的itself它自己>weUS我们our我们的ours我们的ourselves我们我们自己they他们them他们their他们的theirs他们的themselves他们自己用法：1.主格可用于句子的主语,也就是句子里说的是谁,通常在句子的开头.2.宾格用作句子的宾语,通常用在介词和行为动词的后面.如：Lookatme.Listentohim.at,to都是介词,后面用宾格Here'

31、;sacakeforyou.for是介词Ilikeplayingwithher,with是介词Ilikethem.Letussingtogether,like,let都是动词,后面也用宾格CanyouseethemNo,butIcanhearthem,see,hear是动词Touchit.Smellthem.touch,smell是动词3 .所有格也叫形容词性物主代词,用来形容某样东西是谁的,中文意思里都有个“的字,所以不能单独使用,后面一定要加上名词一样东西.如：Thisismydog.my后面加上了名词dogOurteacherishappytoday.Hisfaceisround.4 .

32、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词,它起名词的作用,在句子中为防止重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词的形式.在使用名词性物主代词时.,必须有特定的语言环境,也就是要省略的名词大家已经知道,在前面已经提起过.如：Mybagisyellow.Herbagisred.Hisbagisblueandyourbagispink.可以这样说：Mybagisyellow.Hersisred.Hisisblueandyoursispink.8语法3：动名洞动名词也叫现在分词,就是在行为动词后面+ing的形式,加了ing后它的词性从动词变成了名词,表示一件事情,它可以用在l

33、ike或g.的后面,表示喜欢做某件事或去做某件事,也可以用在be动词后面构成现在进行时态,表示某人正在做某事.要记住双写动名词有这些：hop-hoppingskip-skippingstop-stoppingshop-shoppingclap-clappingsit-sittingcut-cuttingget-gettingput-puttingswim-swimmingrun-runningspin-spinningbegin-beginning开始例：Ilikeeatinghamburgers.=Iliketoeathamburgers.Kittylikesplayingwithherca

34、t.=Kittylikestoplaywithhercat.Youcangoskatinginwinter.Thechildrengoswimminginsummer.语法4：可数名词的复数变化形式已学的可数名词单数变复数的形式可以归纳为8种情况：1 .直接+s如：appleapplesboy-boys2 .词尾字母是s,x,sh,ch的名词要+es如：dress-dressesbox-boxesfish-fishespeach-peaches3 .词尾两个字母是辅音字母+y的名词,要去y再+ies如：babybabiesbutterflybutterflieslibrary-librarie

35、sfamily-families4 .词尾字母是f或fe的名词,要去掉f或fe再+ves如：leaf叶子-leaveswolf狼一wolvesknife小刀一knives5 .单词中的.变为ee,已学过的记住三个：foot脚一feettooth牙齿-teethgoose鹅-geese6 .把a改成e：man-mensnowman-snowmenpostman-postmenpoliceman-policemenwoman女人一women7 .特殊变化：mouse-micechild-children8 .单复数同形单数和复数是一样的如：sheep-sheepdeer小鹿一deerpeople人

36、-peopleChinese中国人-ChineseJapanese日本人-Japanese10fish-fish此时鱼是可数的语法5：星期和月份的词汇month月date日期Tuesday星期二Friday星期五week星期day天,日子year年星期：Sunday星期日Monday星期一Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Saturday星期六记住：星期日是一个星期的第一天,而星期六是最后一天月份：January一月February二月March三月April四月May五月June六月July七月August八月September九月October十月November十一月Dece

37、mber十二月语法6：基数词和序数词基数词序数词基数词序数词one1first第1nineteen19nineteenth第19two2second第2twenty20twentieth第20three3third第3twenty-one21twenty-first第21four4fourth第4(twenty-two22twenty-second笫22five5fifth第5twenty-three23twenty-third第23six6sixth第6twenty-four24twenty-fourth笫24seven7seventh第7twenty-five25twenty-fifth第

38、25eight8eighth第8twenty-six26twenty-sixth第26nine9ninth第9twenty-seven27twenty-seventh第27ten10tenth第10<eleven11eleventh第11thirty30thirtieth第30twelve12twelfth第12>forty40fortieth第40thirteen13thirteenth第13fifty50fiftieth第50fourteen14fourteenth第14sixty60sixtieth第60fifteen15fifteenth第15seventy70sevent

39、ieth第70sixteen16sixteenth第16)eighty80eightieth第80seventeen17seventeenth第17ninety90ninetieth第90eighteen18eighteenth笫18ionehundred100onehundredth第100语法7：基数词和序数词的用法1 .基数词用来表示数量,如：oneflower,twotrees,threeboys.2 .序数词用来表示顺匠,中文意思为“第几,通常前面要加the.3 .大多数序数词是由基数词+th构成,但我们要记住几个特殊的变化形式,其它只要加th就可以了.4 .特殊变化的形式有：fir

40、st第一second第二third第三fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九nine去e加thtwelfth第十二先把twelve的ve改成f再加thtwentieth第二十先把twenty的y改成ie再加th,所有的整十数都是这样改twenty-first第二十一twenty-second第二十二twenty-third第二十三21以上的两位数的序数词,十位上的数不变,只要个位上的数变成相应的序数词就可以了5 .序数词常用于日期表达中,日期可以有两种表达方式：月份土星数词如：Junethefirst夕1,Januarythesecondl/2the+序数词+出+月份如：thefirst

41、ofJune,thesecondofJanuary6 .介词in和on在时间前都表示“在",具体用法如下：在具体某一天用on,如：在星期天onSunday在六月一日阳Junethefirst或onthefirstofJune在几月份用in,在什么年份也用in,如：在一月inJanuary在二月inFebruary在1998年in19987 .提问星期几用Whatdayisit今天是星期几提问日期几月儿号用What'sthedatedate日期12语法8tobe句型含有be动词的句子我们称之为tobe句型,be动词有三个,am,is,are,意思都表示“是,用法记儿歌：我用am

42、,你用are,is用于他、她、它,我们、你们和他们,表示复数都用are.'amI是|is第三人称单数除了我和你,其他一个人或一样东西,、areI,you和复数改写句子：1. Iamastudent.否认句：Iamnotastudent.一般疑问句：Areyouastudent提问时肯定句中的"我"要改成"你"*肯定答复：Yes,Iam.否认答复：No,Kmnot.问“你答复用“我划线提问：Whoisastudentwho也是三单,be动词要用is划线提问：Whatareyou你是干什么的=/卜1doyoudo2. Thestudentisinth

43、eclassroom.否认句：Thestudentisn'tintheclassroom.一疑句：Isthestudentintheclassroom两答：Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn't.划线提问：Whereisthestudent3. 4. Wearetired,否认句：Wearen'ttired.一疑句：Areyoutired提问时要把“我们变"你们两答：Yes,weare.No,wearen't.问"你们"答复用"我们"划线提问：Howareyou或Howdoyoufeel13语法9

44、：含有have/has的句型have/has有多种含义,其中最常用的是表示“有、“吃、喝、“进行等,根据不同的意思,改变句型时也会有不同的改法.1 .当句中的have/has表示"有"时,我们称之为tohave句型,此时have/has后面无论有没有got都可以把have/has看作是关键词,改写句子时只要在have/has上做文章就可以了.如：Thestudentshaveanewteacher:否：Thestudentshaven'tanewteacher.一疑：Havethestudentsanewteacher两答：Yes,theyhave.No,theyh

45、aven't.划线提问：Whohasanewteacherwho是三单后面要用has2Mysisterhasgotsomebooks.否：Mysisterhasn'tgotanybooks.疑：Hasyoursistergotanybooks两答：Yes,shehas.No,shehasn't.划线提问:Whathasyoursistergot2 .当句中的have/has表示一个动作“吃、喝“进行“举行“上课等意思时,它就是tod.句型,此时have/has就是一个动词,不再是关键词,改写句子时就要借助于助动词do或does来进行改写.如：Wehaveapicnici

46、nspring.否：Wedon'thaveapicnicinspring.疑：Doyouhaveapicnicinspring两答：Yes,wedo.No,wedon't.划线提问：Whatdoyoudoinspring你们在春天干什么两个do的意思不一样2Maryhassomebread.否：Marydoesn'thaveanybread.注：has变have一疑：DoesMaryhaveanybread两答：Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn't.划线提问：WhatdoesMaryhaveMary吃了什么does出现has变原形have注意点：当

47、have/has后面有gS一时只能表示“有,也只能用第1种方式进行改写句子.当have/has后面没有got但也表示“有时,用第1、2两种方式都可以改写句子,而当have/has表示一个动作时,只能用第2种方式改写句子,大家要学会灵活运用.窍门：观察句子中有没有got,有got的句子have、has只能解释为“有它们就是关键词,没有got就把句子当成todo句型用do或does来改.iiiiio：cGn句型1 .can表示：能,会,可以,属于情态动词can,may,must都是情态动词.2 .肯定句的句子结构：主语+can+行为动词原形主道是指这句话里主要讲谁或什么东西；行为动词是指一个动作i

48、d：Icandrawaflower.I是主语,draw是行为动词原形Theboyscanplayfootball.Theboys是主语,play是动词原形3 .否认句：主语+can't+行为动词原形can7t=cannot如：Icandrawaflower.-Ican'tdrawaflower.4 .一般疑问句：Can+主语+行为动词原形+也就是把can提前到句子开头就可以了,最后别忘加上问号答复有两种：肯定答复：Yes,人称代词+can.否认答复:No,人称代词+cant要牢记:can来提问,can来答复.D如：Theboyscanplayfootball."Can

49、theboysplayfootballYes,theycan./No,theycan't.5.特殊疑问句：当划线局部是动词时,要注意在提问时要用do来代替划线局部出现在问句中.如：Icansingasong.WhatcanyoudoTheboyscandrawadog,-WhatcantheboysdrawTheboyscandrawadog.-WhatcantheboysdoTheboyscandrawadog.>WhocandrawadogMysistercanrideabicycleontheroad.-Wherecanyoursisterrideabicycle语法n：t

50、herebe句型therebe句型表示“在某处有某物",跟tohave句型的“某人有某物是有区别的,大家千万别把这两种句型的含义搞错.*therebe的肯定句结构：Thereis/are+量词+名词+地点.具体有两种情况：1. thereis后面加数/词单数或不可数N伺.如：Thereisanappleontheplate.Thereissomebreadandsomeapplesonthetable.and连接两样东西时,要用就近原那么,也就是只要看and前面的东西,后面有多少东西都不用管2. Thereare后面加可数名词的复数形式.如：Therearethreebooksonm

51、ydesk.Therearetenchicksandapigonthefarm.therebe句型的改写句子:否认句:在is或are后面加not,如遇some改成any一疑句：把is或are提前,如遇some也要改成any两答：Yes,thereis/are.No,thereis/arenot.必须用there来答复特殊疑问句只有两种：1 .划线局部只是量词时,用Howmuch或Howmany提问结构：Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+地点表示:有多少量Howmany+可数复+arethere+地点表示：有多少个如：Thereissomewaterinthebottle.water不

52、可数用Howmuch提问Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle多少水Thereisanorangebagonthechair.可数的用Howmany提问Howmanyorangebagsarethereonthechair有多少个桔色的包当提问史数名迥的数量时,无论原句是单数还是复数,提问时都要改成复整形式来提问,也就是Howmany后面一定要加可数名词的复数.2 .划“分是量词和名词时,无论是可数还是不可数,单数还是复数,只用一种结构提问：What,s+地点在某地方有什么如：Thereissomewaterinthebottle*What'sinthebottl

53、eThereisanorangebagonthechair.>What'sonthechairTherearetenlovelychicksunderthetree*What'sunderthetree注意点：当问句是What,s+地点这个结构时,答句一定要用Therebe句型如：What'sinyourhandaThereisapencil.但如果问句是What,sthisinyourhandAlt'sapencil.问句结构主要是What,sthis不是What,s+地点所以不能用Therebe句型答复.语法12：祈使句1.含义：祈使句是指命令、要求、

54、请求、建议或劝告某人做某事的句子.它的主语其实是you,但通常是省略掉的,只用行为动词的原形来开头,有时会配上please表示客气、婉转的语气,please可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾,放在句尾时前面有逗号,.如：Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.Doyourhomework,please.=Pleasedoyourhomework.Bequiet,please.=Pleasebequiet.请保持安静quiet安静的第三句中没有行为动词,只有形容词quiet,所以这样的句子只能在形容词前配上be动词原形be,才能构成祈使句Becareful!小心点！Behappy!

55、开心点！2.祈使句的否认句：只要在行为动词原形前面加上don、就可以了.如：Pleasestandup.fPleasedon'tstandup.Doyourhomework,please.请做你的回家作业.Don'tdoyourhomework,please.请不要做你的回家作业.Bequiet,please.fDon'tbequiet,please.PleasehaveanappletPleasedon'thaveanapple.此句中的have意思是“吃注意点：please的位置不能随便搬,原句里它在哪儿改好的句子里也在哪儿.语法13：todo句型Todo句型中没有be动词,没有have/has,也没有can,它用于表达一般性的情况和某人的习惯、爱好等,句子结构只是由主语和行为动词组成,不同的主语,行为动词会发生变化.1 .当主语是第一、二人称以及复数人称时,句子结