七年级英语下册语法总结

1、七年级英语下册语法总结一、一般现在时1 .构成：主语+动词+其他2 .标志词：always,usually,often,sometimes,never,等频率副词.3 .否认句：1当动词是be,can,may,must,shoul用在其后加note.g.Ican'tplayfootball.2当是实义动词时加助动词don't/doesn't后跟动词原形e.g.Idon'tlikefootball.Shedoesntlikefootball.4 .疑问句：1当动词是be,can,may,must,shoul用将其提前e.g.Canyouswim?2当是实义动词时将

2、助动词do/does放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形.e.g.Doesshelikefootball?5 .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句e.gWhendoessheusuallygetupinthemorning?二、现在进行时1.构成：主语+be+doing+其他2.动词一动词-ing变化规律：1一般情况下直接加-ing,eg.Working2以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing,eg.Taking3以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ing,eg.Stopping4特殊变化,lielying3 .标志词：look,listen,now,atthemoment,i

3、t'so'clock4 .否认句：be动词后加note.g.Sheisnotlisteningtomusic.5 .疑问句：将be动词提前e.g.Isshelisteningtomusic?6 .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句e.gWhatisshedoingnow?三、将来时1 .构成：主语+begoingto+动词原形主语+will+动词原形2 .标志词：tomorrow,nextday/month/year等表示将来的时间3 .否认句：be动词后加not;will后加note.g.Heisnotgoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend.He

4、willnothaveapianolessonthisweekend.4 .疑问句：将be动词提前；将will提前e.g.Ishegoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend?Willhegoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend?5 .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?Whatwillyoudotomorrow?四、过去时1 .构成：主语+动词过去时+其他2 .标志词：yesterday,justnow,ago,thismorning,whenIwasyoung,last等3 .动词一动

5、词过去式变化规律：1） 一般动词结尾加-ed,e.g.Walkwalked2以字母e结尾的动词加-d,e.g.Live-lived3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed,e.g.Hurryhurried4)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ed,eg.Stop-stopped特殊变化详见课本P1724 .否认句：1)动词be过去式后直接加note.g.IwasnotinChengdulastyear.2)当是实义动词时,加助动词didn't后跟动词原形e.g.Ididn'ttelephonemyparentsyesterday.5 .疑问句：

6、1)动词be过去式提前e.g.WereyouinChengdulastyear?2)当是实义动词时将助动词did放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形e.g.Didyoutelephonemyparentsyesterday?6 .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句e.gWhatdidyoudoyesterday?五、形容词、副词比拟级,最高级1 .形容词(1)在句子中做定语,一般放在名词之前.但是当形容词修饰something,somebody,anything,anybody,nothing,nobody时,要放于其后.e.g.Ihaveaninterestingbook.Thereisnothin

7、gserious.(2)作表语,放在系动词之后.e.g.Thiskindofdressisexpensive.以a-开头的形容词,一般在句子中只能作表语.e.g.Keepquiet!Mybabyisasleepintheroom.(4)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后.e.g.Thegoodnewsmakesusveryhappy.2 .副词副词在句子中主要做状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词.修饰动词时,一般放在行为动词之后；修饰形容词时,一般放在形容词之前；表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首；频度副词一般放在行为动词之前.e.g.Ican'thearyouclearly.3 .比拟级用

8、法(1)可以单独使用eg.IhopetodobetterinEnglish.(2)和than一起用eg.ZhangJunisstrongerthanLinTao.(3)其他几种用法a.两者比拟,哪一个更怎么样Who/Which+be+比拟级,AorB?e.g.Whodidbetter,LucyorLily?b.用比拟级形式表达最高级意义比拟级+thananyother+n.+比拟级范围(in/of)=比拟级+thananyoftheothers+in/of=比拟级+thantheother+n.+in/of(在同范围内比拟)比拟级+thanany+n.+in/of(在两个不同范围内比拟)e.g

9、.KateismorecarefulthananyothergirlinourclassShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinShangdongProvince.c.越来越怎么样一比拟级+and+比拟级IIe.g.Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.d.有范围的两者之间的比拟用一the+形容词比拟级+ofthetwoIIeg.Mymotheristhebusierofthetwo.e.用来修饰比拟级的副词有：much/far/lots/alot;alitter;even;still等4.最高级用法用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行

10、比拟,形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词前的the可以省略.a.最局级+范围eg.ChangjianisthelongestriverinChina.b.主语+be+oneofthe+W容词最高级+名词复数+比拟级范围(of/in短语),表示一最的之IIoeg.YangLiweiisoneofthemostfamousheroesinChina.c.主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比拟范围,表示一是的第几IIoeg.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.八年级上册语法复习一、行为动词的一般过去时1、过去式的构成规那么

11、(1)一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed.如：wantwanted(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ed.如：hopehoped(3)重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如：stopstopped(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词改y为i,再加-ed.如：studystudied注意：不规那么动词变化,要逐一熟记.2、实义动词过去式的句式.肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它.如：Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday.否认式：主语+didnot(didn't)+动词原形+其它.如：Theydidn'twatchTVlastnight.一般疑问句：Di

12、d+主语+动词原形+其它肯定答复：Yes主语+did.否认答复：No,主语+didn't.如：Didtheyhaveameetingtwodaysago?Yes,theydid./No,theydidn't.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它如：Whattimedidyoufinishyourhomework?3. 一般过去时的用法：a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态.MyfatherworkedinShanghailastyear.b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用.Ioftenwenttoschoo

13、lonfoot.c.与when等连词引导的状语从句连用.Whenhegothome,hehadashortrest.4. 一般过去时的时间状语：amomentago(刚刚),yesterdaymorning,lastnight/week,thedaybeforeyesterday前天,justnow刚刚,in2006,threedaysago等对应练习：用所给动词的正确形式填空1. I(go)toschoolyesterday.2. She(play)footballlastweek.3. Look!Jack(sing)now.4. You(read)thenewpaperthedaybefo

14、reyesterday.5. I(see)Jackinthezoolastweekend.6. I(do)myhomeworklastnight1. She(open)themailboxthedayaftertomorrow.8. I(help)thelittlebabydrinkthemilkthenextmorning.9. Thefarmers(work)onthefarmnextweek.10. Myparents(watch)TVlastMonday.句型转换1. IwenttothepartylastFriday.(改为一般疑问句)youtothepartylastFriday?

15、2. IhadanicetimelastSunday.(改为一般疑问句)younicetimelastSunday?3. WewenttoLondontwoyearsago.(对划线局部提问)youtoLondon?4. Hedidhishomeworkinthemorning.(改为否认句)Hehishomeworkinthemorning.二、现在完成时谓语构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词用法：(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already(已经),ever(曾经),yet,just(刚刚)before(以前)等词连用.(2)表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在,

16、常与for或since引导的时间状语连用.标志词：(1) just,never,ever,already,yet等(2) for+一段时间；since十点时间或引导时间状语从句(一般多为过去时(3)sofar(到目前为止)；inthepast/last+表示一段时间的词语各种句式结构：肯定式：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他e.gIhavelivedherefortenyears.Lucyhaslivedheresince2001.否认式：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词+其他e.gTheyhaven'thadbreakfastyet.一般疑问句：Ha

17、ve/Has+主语+过去分词+其他e.gHaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他e.gHowlonghashelivedhere?练习：写出以下动词的过去分词形式:1、see4、stop7、catch一10、live11、make2、hear3、study5、write6、teach8、go9、play12、forget一考查现在完成时的一般用法Mountainthisevening?()1.Kitty,willyougotoseethefilmColdt.Iitalready.A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.wi

18、llsee()2.GonewiththeWindisawellknownnovel.Sheittwice.A.readB.isreadingC.readsD.hasread()3.Howlongyouhere?Forabouttwoyearssofar.A.have;studiedB.did;liveC.do;stayD.havechanged(二)考查非延续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式()1.Oh.Mrs.king,yourdresslooksnice.Isitnew?No,Iitsincetwoyearsago.A. hadB.havehadC.boughtD.havebought()2

19、.Jeffborrowedahistorybookfromhisfriend.Heitforaweek.A.hasborrowedB.haslentC.haskeptD.lend()3.Thestudentsaresorrytohearthatthefamoussingerforhalfanhour.A.hasleftB. hasgoneC.hasbeenawayD.hasgoneaway(三)考查have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto与have/hasbeenin的区另U()1.Where'syourfather?HeShanghai.He'llbebac

20、knextweek.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeento()2.WhereisDavid?HetoEnglandonbusiness.A.isgoingB.hasgoneC.hasbeenD.goes()3.youevertotheUnitedStates?-Yes,twice.A.Have;goneB.Have;beenC.Do;goD.Were;going(四)考查for与since接时间状语时的区别()1.Whatanicedog!Howlonghaveyouhadit?-twoyears.A.ForB.SinceC.In()2.M

21、issGaohastaughtinthisschool1993.A.forB.atC. inD.since(五)考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别()1.-HehasalreadygonetoEngland.-Whenhethere?A.will;goB.is;goingC.did;goD.has;gone()2.Haveyoureadthisbook?yes,Iittwoweeksago.A.amreadingB.havereadC.willreadD.read(六)现在完成时在特定语境下的使用()1.Helen,Itoldyoutodoyourhome-workascarefullyasyo

22、ucan?YesbutIfewermistakesthanIusuallydo.A. wasmakingB.havemadeC.willmakeD.hadmade()2.Hasthematchstarted?Started?Finished!GuoYue.A.iswinningB.winsC.willwinD.haswon()3.XiaoWangEnglishforthirteenyears.SohecanspeakquitegoodEnglish.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.willbelearningD.learns()4.Thefilmforhalfanhour.

23、A.hasbegunB.hasbeenbegunC.hasbeenonD.began()5.Youdon'thavetodescribeher.Iherseveraltimes.A.hadmetB. havemetC.meetD.met()6.MissYangisnotathome.Shetotheschoollibrary.A.wentB.hasbeenC. goesD.hasgone()7.HehasnevervisitedtheGreatHallofthePeople.?A.hasn'theB.hasheC.doesheD.doesn'the三、过去进行时谓语构成

24、：was/were+现在分词V-ing用法：表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态时间状语：atthistimeyesterday昨天这个时候atthattimelastweek上周那个时候atnineyesterdayevening昨晚九点时fromseventotenlastnight昨晚从七点到十点等,when或while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句.他进来时,我正在看报.我步行回家时遇到了格林先生.cooking.妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报.e.gIwasreadinganewspaperwhenhecamein.WhileIwaswalkinghome,ImetMrGreen.M

25、yfatherwasreadinganewspaperwhilemymotherwas注：while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句,两个过去进行时并用,表示动作同时发生.各种句式结构肯定式：主语+was/were+v-ing+其它e.gHewassleepingwhenshearrived.她到达时他正在睡觉.否认式：主语+was/werenot+v-ing+其它e.gTheyweren'tplantingtreesatnineyesterday.昨天早上九点他们不在植树.一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+v-ing+其它e.gWasheplayingfootballwhenyour

26、angme?你打给我时.他正在踢足球吗特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语+v-ing+其它?e.gWhatwasPeterdoingatthistimelastweek?上周这个时候彼特在于什么练习：用was/were填空：1、Ilisteningtothemusic.3、Theylookingattheflowers.5、LinglingwatchingTV.2、Sheplayingthepiano.4、Wehavingapicnic.6、Twoboysreadingbook.7、YouruncleandauntvisitingtheGreatWall.8、Everyonehavin

27、glunch.9、Peopleworkingonthefarm.10、Somewomensingingpopmusic.用所给动词的适当形式填空.1 .Youhaveameetingat9lastMondaymorning.2 .TheyplayfootballwhenIpassed.3 .Shetakeawalkwhenwehadatalk.4 .theytrytodrawhorsesontheblackboardwhentheteachercamein?5 .Thestudents1istentotheteachercarefullywhilehewasteaching.四、反意疑问句语法

28、归纳1、概念：当我们陈述一个事实,而又不是很有把握,就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句,称为反意疑问句.意义：相当于中文的“,对吧/是吧构成：陈述句+简短问句【助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语代词】规律：陈述句是肯定的,简短问句用否认形式；而陈述句是否认的,简短问句就用肯定形式;前肯后否,前否后肯.2、祈使句用于反意疑问句中这种类型较特殊,前一局部是祈使句,后一局部是肯定疑问形式.句型1:Let's+动词原形+其它,shallwe?例：Let'sgoforawalk,shallwe?而Letusgoforawalk,willyou?句型2:其它形式的祈使句,willyou?Com

29、eintotheclassroom,willyou?Pleasebecareful,willyou?Don'tpanic(恐慌),willyou?注意：Therebe句型1. Thereisanoldpictureonthewall,isn'tthere?2. Therearen'tanychildrenintheroom,arethere?3. Therewasn'tatelephonecallforme,wasthere?4. Therewereenoughpeopletopickapples,weren'tthere?5. Therewillbea

30、basketballmatchtomorrow,won'tthere?值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否认式(即没加上not),而是用上了一never,little,few,hardly,nothing,nobodyII等表否认意义的词,后半局部应用肯定疑问式.YouhaveneverbeentoBeijing,haveyou?Mr.Fathasfewfriendshere,doeshe?Thereislittlemilkinthebottle,isthere?Hecoulddonothing,couldhe?练习：完成以下反意疑问句：1.Marylistenedtopopmusi

31、c,?2.HehasneverbeentoShanghai?3.Hehasfewfriendsatschool,?4.Themusicsoundsbeautiful,?5.Youcan'tdancetojazz,?6.Theywerenncert,'tattheco?7.Let'sstopwriting,?8.Don'tbelate,?五、动词不定式动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一,也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一.它是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语.其构成形式为“to+动词原形",to为动词不定式的符号,本身无意义.动

32、词不定式具有两大特点：1 .具有动词的特点,因此,后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语,构成动词不定式短语.2 .具有名词、形容词或副词的特点,可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等.(一)、动词不定式作主语()1.It'shardforusEnglishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning()2.It'sveryniceyoutogetmetwoticketstheWorldCup.A.for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,to简析动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词

33、it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面.常见的句式有：(1)Itis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis+名词短语(forsb)todosth.句式(1)中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词,与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(2)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容词,与介词for搭配,表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质.(

34、二)、动词不定式作宾语()1.Hewantssomevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys()2.Don'tforgetyourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A. tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking()3.Hefounditverydifficult.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep简析在want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,decide,hate,choose,forget,reme

35、mber等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语.如果其后接形容词补足语时,那么可以用it作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面.(三)、动词不定式作宾语补足语()1.RobertoftenasksushisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithB. C.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith()2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriendsChinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语.后面可以接不定式作

36、宾语补足语的动词有：ask,teach,expect,tell,allow等.(四)、动词不定式作状语()1.Shewentherteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing()2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.ShedoesherbestEnglishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns简析go,come,try,do/tryone'sbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语.()3.I'msorrythat.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.to

37、hear()4.I'msorryyou.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled()5.Mymotherwasverygladheroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets简析ube+形容词+todosthu结构中的不定式作状语,常表示原因或方式.(五)、动词不定式作定语()1.Wouldyoulikesomething?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks()2.Ihavealotofhomework.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo()3.Heisnotaneasyman.A.getonB.togetonC. getonwithD.togetonwith简析不定式作定语时,常放在被修饰的词语之后,与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上必要的介词或副词,构成的短语动词相当于及物动词.(六)、不带to的动词不定式()1.Wesawhi