选修8 unit2 reading

1、精选课件1高二人教新课标版选修八Unit 2 CloningUnit 2 CloningReading 精选课件2TwinsThey are born naturally and identical in sex and appearance.精选课件3A strawberry plantThe new plants that grow from the runners are exact copies of the original plant.精选课件4一株草莓依靠它沿地一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走爬走”的匍匐茎的匍匐茎,一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。精选课件5富贵竹

2、插枝即活富贵竹插枝即活The gardener should cut the plant, then the cutting produce another new plant.精选课件61996 cloning sheeps精选课件72001 cloning cattle精选课件8我国成功繁殖克隆兔 体形要比普通兔大许多2002年年5月月中旬成功地中旬成功地繁殖了一只繁殖了一只胚胎细胞胚胎细胞克隆兔。克隆兔。精选课件92002 cloning cats精选课件102002年年4月月16日日美国第一头克美国第一头克隆牛隆牛“艾米艾米”产下牛犊喜作产下牛犊喜作妈咪妈咪。精选课件112005 cl

3、oning dogs精选课件12In pairs discuss what you understand about cloning. Then list the questions you want to find out. Share your lists with one another. Pre-reading 精选课件131. What is a clone?A clone is an animal or a plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant and i

4、s exactly the same as it.精选课件142. How is a clone produced？The cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy. It can be done by taking cuttings (man-made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not achieved until 19

5、96 and is fully explained in the first reading.精选课件15精选课件163. What benefits can humans gain from cloning？Medical cloning can help cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life (such as Parkinsons disease or Alzheimers disease). It can help infertile people have babies.精选课件174. What problems

6、may arise when humans are cloned? People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever. People may want to clone dead children. People may want to clone their favourite pets.精选课件181. What is the main topic? A. Cloning. B. Dolly the sheep . C. It will lead us to some places.2. What is the wri

7、ting style? A. Expositive (说明性的说明性的). B. Descriptive. C. Argumentative (议论性的议论性的).A A 精选课件19Learning tips: The passage is written in the expositive style. That is to say the text is in the third person and in factual and formal language. It gives different points of view and does not try to persuade

8、 the reader to make up his/her own mind.精选课件203. Dolly the sheep _. A. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg. B. was the exact copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus. C. looked like the sheep that gave birth to it. D. had the characteristics of all three sheep.B 精选课件214. It can be

9、 inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_. A. usually lives as long as the original one B. usually lives longer than the original one C. usually dies earlier than the original one D. is usually as healthy as the original oneC 精选课件225. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?A. C

10、loning can be used for medical purposes. B. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning.C. Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.D. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.D 精选课件236. Which of the following is wrong?A. Cloned people could live forever.B. Cloned people

11、may be killed at will for medical aid.C. A woman would have difficulty recognizing her real husband.D. Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husband.A 精选课件247. Which statement is NOT true?A. Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently. B. Twins that look

12、 exactly the same are originally from the same egg.C. Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money.D. Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.A 精选课件258. The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because _. A. its easier to clone a sheep than other animals B. the scientists were de

13、termined and worked hard with patienceC. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of moneyD. many other attempts to clone mammals failedB 精选课件269. The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because _. A. it provides the egg cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a

14、female sheep10. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years. A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12C D 精选课件2711. The main idea of the text is _ A. animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world. B. animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden. C. animal clon

15、ing is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born. D. animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future.D 精选课件2812. Which of the following is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text?A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.B. Animal clones may dev

16、elop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.C. There are moral objections to cloning human beings.D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.D 精选课件2913. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _. A. the normal development of Dol

17、ly had no effect on the cloning of other species. B. Dollys serious disease and final death disturbed the whole world. C. Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists. D. there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.D 精选课件30Careful re

18、ading The main idea of each paragraph. Cloning is _ _ 2. Cloning has _ uses.3. The _ of Dolly.4. The _ of clonging in society.5. The attitudes towards cloning.a way of making an exact copy of another animal and blemstwo majoreffect精选课件31It happens both in _ and in _. They can be cloned by _

19、 and _.plantsanimalsthemselveshumansNatural cloneMan-made clonePara 1: The definition of cloning精选课件321. How many major uses do cloning have? Firstly, commercial Secondly, research2. How many female sheep participate in the cloning of a new sheep?3. When was the cloning of Dolly the sheep born?3Para

20、 2: The major uses and procedures of cloning1996精选课件33normally Dolly lived for six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original one. Para 3: The problems of Dolly精选课件34The word “controversial” in Para 4 probably means _. A. complicated B. arguable C. important Para 4: The impact of

21、DollyB 精选课件35True or false:1. People feared that Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world.2. All the research into human beings will be forbidden.3. Some countries will use cloning in a wise way.Para 5: Peoples reaction to cloningMany governments forbade research into human beings.T T F 精选课件36Hitle

22、r: an evil leader精选课件37意大利狂人医生意大利狂人医生:安蒂诺里安蒂诺里冒死也要克隆人的冒死也要克隆人的科学家科学家:布瓦瑟利耶布瓦瑟利耶精选课件381 Read the passage and answer these 1 Read the passage and answer these questions. questions. Comprehending 1. What are the two major uses of cloning? The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants. The

23、 second is to research on new plants species and do medical research on animals.精选课件392. Why is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones? Cloning plants is straightforward, but the cloning of animals is very complicated.精选课件403. What was the first clone from an adult animal? At w

24、hat age did this clone die? 4. Why is cloning controversial in some countries? The first clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep. She died in 2003 at the age of 6 and a half.Cloning is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons.精选课件41Animals may Develop the illnesses of o

25、lder animals. Fill in the chart.Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illnesses in humans. 精选课件42Animal clones may die younger than the donor animalsEvil leader may want to clone themselves.There are moral objections to cloning human beings.Cloning plants can produce plants of similar qual

26、ity for sale.Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.Cloning can help save endangered animals.精选课件433 What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading passage? Is it in favour of cloning or against it? I think the writer is because impartialhe/she does not state

27、any personal opinion about cloning. 精选课件441. Do you support the idea of producing human embryos (胚胎胚胎) for medical purposes? Why?2. Do you think it a good idea to use cloned humans for organ (器官器官) transplants? Why?3. Do you think a cloned human should have human rights? Why?4. Do you think cloned h

28、umans will have the same talents as the original ones? Why? Discussion精选课件45As a coin has two sides, everything has two aspects. First, if the cloning is used in a correct way it can bring many conveniences to us. Such as: curing serious illnesses and being used to produce commercial qualities of pl

29、ants. On the other hand, if the cloning is used in an evil way it can cause much troubles: such as moral questions.精选课件46Practice activity: Debate Are you in favor of cloning or against cloning? What is your point of view on it?精选课件471. This happens in plants when gardeners take when twins identical

30、 in sex and 1) “when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones, when twins identical in是两个时间状语从句。是两个时间状语从句。when 引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. (03, 全国全国)A. unless B. since C. although

31、D. whenD 精选课件482) happen vi. occur by chance; take place (偶然地偶然地)发生发生; 出现出现 happen to do happen to sb. It happened that happening n. 事件事件; 偶然发生的事偶然发生的事 (常用复数常用复数)辨析辨析: happen, occur, take place与与come about四词都有四词都有“发生发生”之意之意, 但有区别。但有区别。happen 是一般用语是一般用语, 词义较广词义较广, 强调事情强调事情 发生的偶然性发生的偶然性;occur 用法较正式用法较

32、正式, 既可以指自然发生既可以指自然发生, 也也 可以指有意安排。可以指有意安排。碰巧碰巧(某人某人)发生什么事了发生什么事了碰巧碰巧精选课件491) When did the explosion _?2) Important elections _ this fall.3) The concert will _ next Sunday.4) How did the quarrel _?occurtake placecome abouthappenUse the above words to fill in the blanks.take place 一般指有计划一般指有计划, 按事先安排的按

33、事先安排的 进行的含义。进行的含义。come about 往往注重事情发生的原因往往注重事情发生的原因, 常常 与与how 连用。连用。以上四组词均为不及物动词以上四组词均为不及物动词, 无被动语态。无被动语态。精选课件502. straightforward adj. 简单的简单的, 易懂的，易懂的， 坦诚的坦诚的, 坦率的坦率的straightforwardly adv. 率直地率直地, 坦诚地坦诚地straightforwardness n. 率直率直Jack is rough, but always straightforward. Installing the program is

34、relatively straightforward.She admired his straightforwardness.精选课件513. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手做着手做, 从事从事, 进行进行; 担任担任, 承担承担, 答应答应, 同意。同意。The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 当然当然, 这个过程很难实施。这个过程很难实施。The scientist undertakes the experiment.科学家从事这项实验。科学家从事这项实验。I can unde

35、rtake the responsibility for the changes.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。我愿意承担这些变革的责任。精选课件52完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1) The lawyer _ a new case. 那个律师接了一个新的案子。那个律师接了一个新的案子。2) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行去旅行).3) He _ _ _ _. (承担一项新任务承担一项新任务)undertookundertook a new taskundertake a jorney精选课件534. pay off (事业、计划等事业、计划等) 成功成功; 付清薪水并付

36、清薪水并 解雇解雇; 偿还偿还(债务等债务等)。 At last the determination and patience of scientists paid off 最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报 He paid off the crew of the ship. 他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。 In the end he paid off all his debts. 最终他还清了所有的债务。最终他还清了所有的债务。 pay back 报答报答; 报复报复精选课件54用介词用介词back, off, to,填

37、空：填空：1) -Your effort is sure to pay_. - Thank you for your encouragement.2) The supermarket _ which he had ever paid a visit, was burnt to the ground.3) How can I pay you _ for all your kindness?4) Well, after these years, weve at last paid _ all our debts. offtobackoff精选课件55 contain v. 包含包含, 含有含有2)

38、 needed to produce a new sheep 为过去分词为过去分词 短语作后置定语短语作后置定语, 修饰其前面的名词修饰其前面的名词 genes, 构成动宾搭配关系。构成动宾搭配关系。5. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep. 这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的 必需的基因。必需的基因。精选课件56辨析辨析: contain 与与 include contain “包含包含, 含有含有”, 侧重于包含的内容或侧重于包含

39、的内容或 成分成分, “里面装有里面装有”; include “包括包括”, 侧重范围或整体。侧重范围或整体。e.g. 1) Whisky _ a large percentage of alcohol. 2) The book _ forty maps, _ three of Great Britain.containscontainsincluding精选课件576. The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined using electricity. 从绵羊从绵羊B中取出的细胞核与从绵羊中取出的细胞核与从

40、绵羊A中取出中取出 的卵细胞用电流使之结合。的卵细胞用电流使之结合。1) using electricity 为现在分词短语作方式状语。为现在分词短语作方式状语。2) 联手联手, 携手携手 参加活动参加活动 和某人一起做事和某人一起做事 参军参军, 连起来连起来join handsjoin in sth. / doing sth join sb. in sth.join up精选课件58take part in 指参加某项活动指参加某项活动, 并以积极的态度并以积极的态度 在所参加的活动中起作用；在所参加的活动中起作用；join “加入加入”团体或组织；团体或组织；join in 指参加活动和

41、游戏；指参加活动和游戏；join sb. in sth. 和某人一起做某事；和某人一起做某事；attend 参加会议参加会议 (听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼)辨析辨析: take part in, join, join in 与与 attend精选课件597. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 多莉看来是在正常地成长着多莉看来是在正常地成长着, 这很令人鼓舞。这很令人鼓舞。“that she seemed to develop normally”是同位语是同位语从句。从句。同

42、位语从句可由同位语从句可由when/ where/ how/ why/that/ whether等词引导。先行词多半是等词引导。先行词多半是idea/ fact/ news/hope/ belief/ thought/ doubt/question等。等。同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后, 用以说明用以说明抽象名词的具体内容抽象名词的具体内容, 有时为了保持句子的有时为了保持句子的平衡平衡, 同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。如如: Soon word came that we won. 精选课件608. Then came the d

43、isturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。本句中本句中, 副词副词then放于句首放于句首, 主语是名词主语是名词“news”, “that Dolly had become seriously ill”是同位语是同位语从句从句, 句子用了倒装语序。句子用了倒装语序。In the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several English towns. (05, 辽宁辽宁)A. stand many lakes B. li

44、e many lakesC. many lakes lie D. many lakes standB 精选课件61 disturbing adj. The news from the front is very disturbing. 来自前线的消息令人极为不安。来自前线的消息令人极为不安。 disturb vt. 扰乱扰乱, 使不安使不安, 弄乱弄乱; disturbed adj. 被扰乱的被扰乱的, 动乱的动乱的, 不安的；不安的； disturbing adj. 令人不安的。令人不安的。 特别提示特别提示: 现在分词表示现在分词表示: 令人怎么样令人怎么样 过去分词表示过去分词表示: 被

45、使得怎么样被使得怎么样, 感到怎么样感到怎么样精选课件62如如: an interesting story 令人感兴趣的故事令人感兴趣的故事 an interested look 感到兴趣的表情感到兴趣的表情 surprised people (感到感到)惊奇的人们惊奇的人们用用disturb, disturbing, disturbed填空。填空。1) Im very _ about Alice.2) Dont _ the papers on my desk.3) This country is in a _ state.4) What _ news it is!5) A light win

46、d _ the surface of the water. disturbeddisturbdisturbingdisturbingdisturbed精选课件639. cast down 使沮丧使沮丧; 毁掉毁掉 (常用于被动语态或常用于被动语态或作表语作表语)Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness were more appropriate to a much older animal. 克隆科学家克隆科学家沮丧地沮丧地发现多莉的病发现多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上。更容易在年老的羊身上。不要这么沮丧不要这么沮

47、丧, 打起精神来！打起精神来！Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.cast away 丢弃丢弃 cast off 放弃放弃; 丢弃丢弃cast out 赶走赶走精选课件641) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。听到这个消息他很沮丧。 _2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。 _He was cast down to hear the news.Finding out the truth made him cast down.将下列句子译成英语。将下列句子译成英语。精选课件6510. altogether 和和 all tog

48、ether 及及 together1) altogether adv. 总共总共, 完全地完全地, 总之总之, 总而言之总而言之You owe me 68 RMB altogether. Your work is altogether perfect.2) all together 全部在同一地方或同一时间全部在同一地方或同一时间Can you put your books all together in this box?3) together adv. 在一起在一起, 共同地共同地All his trouble seemed to come together.Hes bad-tempere

49、d, selfish and _ an unpopular man.A. therefore B. altogether C. otherwise D. anyhowB 精选课件6611. object v. & objection n. 反对反对, 不赞成不赞成On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面另一方面, 多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对，激发多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对

50、，激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。I feel a strong objection to getting up early.我极不愿意早起。我极不愿意早起。Have you any objection to my opening the window?你反对我打开窗子吗你反对我打开窗子吗?精选课件67object vi.We object to being treated like this. 我们抗议这种待遇。我们抗议这种待遇。I object to the plan. 我反对这项计划。我反对这项计划。object vt.I object that he is

51、too young to take that position. 我提出反对意见我提出反对意见: 他太年轻不适合那个职位。他太年轻不适合那个职位。object to (doing ) sth.object + that 从句从句objection 是名词是名词, 常与常与have, take, feel 等连用等连用have / take / feel objection to (doing )sth.精选课件68即时练习即时练习: 句型转换句型转换 Have you any objection to my opening the window? = Would you _ _ my open

52、ing the window? (2) take objection to smoking. = I _ _ smoking. (3) “But he is too young,” she argued. = She _ that he was too young.object toobject toobjected精选课件6912. It suddenly opened everyones eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness, and even to produce human beings. 突然

53、每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病, 甚至克隆出人的可能性。甚至克隆出人的可能性。本句中本句中of 和后面的动名词结构构成介词短语作和后面的动名词结构构成介词短语作定语定语, 修饰前面的名词修饰前面的名词 possibility. 注意介词后出现动名词或动名词的复合结构时注意介词后出现动名词或动名词的复合结构时, 一定要把握好动名词主动与被动形式的变化。一定要把握好动名词主动与被动形式的变化。精选课件70At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the cl

54、assroom. (07, 全国全国II)A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close C 解析解析 答案答案C。题意为。题意为: 开始上课时开始上课时, 开关课桌的声音开关课桌的声音在教室外都能够听到。本题考查动名词的用法。在教室外都能够听到。本题考查动名词的用法。the noise 是句中主语是句中主语, of 后应接动名词复合结构后应接动名词复合结构, desks是逻辑主语是逻辑主语, 因为因为“课桌课桌”与与“开关开关”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系

55、之间存在逻辑上的被动关系, 故须用故须用动名词的被动形式动名词的被动形式 being opened and closed。精选课件7113. attain vt. 获得获得(尤其指经过努力尤其指经过努力)达到达到 (年龄年龄, 水平水平, 状况等状况等)He attianed success through hard work. He attained the age of 25 before marriaging. 比较：比较：obtain vt. (经买经买, 借借, 拿等拿等)获得获得, 得到某物得到某物He always manages to obtain what he wants.

56、Where can I obtain a copy of her latest books?精选课件7214. forbid vt. (forbade; forbidden)禁止禁止, 不许不许, 妨碍妨碍, 阻止阻止 Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human clothing. 政府开始感到不安政府开始感到不安, 有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。Smoking should be forbidden in public places.公共场所应禁止吸烟。公共场所应禁止吸烟。Her f

57、ather forbid her to go out alone.她父亲不许她单独外出。她父亲不许她单独外出。I forbid you entering my study.我不许你进入我的书房。我不许你进入我的书房。精选课件73forbid sb. to do / forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事forbid sth. 禁止某事禁止某事与与forbid 结构相同的词有：结构相同的词有：permit sb to do / permit doing sth 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事/允许做某事；允许做某事；allow sb. to do / a

58、llow doing sth允许某人做某事允许某人做某事/允许做某事；允许做某事；advise sb. to do / advise doing sth. 建议某人做某事建议某人做某事/建议做某事建议做某事精选课件741) The school _ _ _ _ _ (禁止学生吸烟禁止学生吸烟).2) He is forbidden to _ _ _ (进入这个房间进入这个房间).3) There are laws in some countries which forbid advertisements _ at inappropriate times and places.A. being shown B. sho