法律英语词汇集(共23页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上薄2010法律英语词汇集JW莀一、案例本袀G.E. vs Siempelkamp莆Standard-form purchase order 节Order comfirmation蒀Initiale芀Forum selection肈Choice of law clause 法律适用条款莅Place of jurisdiction蒀Principal place of business蒇Summary procedures薆Bills of exchange膄Promissory notes薀Cheques袈File suit at芈Submit a Counteroff

2、er袃A binding contract羃Bargained-for form 艿Overreaching蚆Judicial notice羆Filanto v.s. Chilewich肃Memorandum Agreement蚀A letter of credit莈Arbitration agreement蚅Arbitration clause肃Balance of contract肁A rejection of the order袆Bound by the written terms of蒄The development of international sales law膃egal in

3、struments 法律文书膈Maritime trade 海商薈Enact 颁布；制定芃Codify 编纂芃Law Merchant： 商人法；商业习惯法蕿Commercial Law： 贸易法；商业法规肅Business Law：商业法芆Modern sales law in the United States: the UCC and CISG莃Uniform Commercial Code-UCC罿Adopt/ adoption 正式通过螇Bank deposit 银行存款肄Secured transaction 担保交易蒃State legislatures 州立法机构莀Americ

4、an law institute 美国法学会膅Conflicts of law 法律冲突螃Resort to 诉诸于薃Applicable law 准据法薇Choice of law clause 法律适用条款羇Choice of law 冲突法中决定法律适用薂Federal courts of the United States 联邦法院蚂Development of the CISG羈Legal code 法典莅Legal system 法律制度；法系薅Contract law in the developing countries蚂Multinational corporations 跨

5、国公司荿Unconscionable contract 不公正合同肇bargaining power 议价能力莄Contract law In socialist countries螂Private enterprise私营企业螀Contract law in the PRC: an illustration薅Repeal撤销膃Joint venture 合资企业袂Breach of contract 违约膁Accounting regulations 会计规章芇Quasi-criminal prosecution 准刑事起诉膆Leasing contracts租赁合同羂Warehousing

6、 contracts仓储合同芈The 1999 contract law of China 99年合同法羈United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods-CISG羄UN Commission on International Trade Law-UNCITRAL 联合国国际贸易法委员会肂Applicable可适用 applicability可适用性蚈General provisions 总则蒆Applicability of the CISG to international transact

7、ions螃Place of business requirement 营业地 膂Opt out 退出，排除聿preemption 优先权preemptive Preempt膈asante technologies vs pmc蒂construe 文义解释节remand 发回重审蒀international treaty 国际条约薆representation 陈述薅breach of representation 违背合同中的陈述芁adopt adoption 正式通过薇Uniform Commercial Code 美国统一商法典莈Congressional intent 国会立法意图芄Co

8、ncurrent jurisdiction 共同管辖权莁Litigation 诉讼肈Contracting state 缔约国螆Effectuate 使生效肃Sales excluded from the CISG蒁Liability for death or personal injury 人身伤亡责任葿Securities证券蒈Negotiable instruments 流通票据肆Consumer protection laws 消费者保护法薁Exclude exclusion排除适用袀Validity and formation of international sales contr

9、acts羆Valid contract 有效合同袅Mutual assent 合意蚁Sufficient consideration 充分对价芁Legal capacity行为能力蚇Void contract无效合同蚃Misrepresentation错误陈述螁enforcement of illegal contracts莇legality 合法性膅tarbert vs cometals莂United States District Court地区法院袁United States Court of Appeals上诉法院螈Supreme Court of the United States最

10、高法院袇Certificate of origin 原产地证明膁Chamber of Commerce 商会蚇European Economic Community EEC 欧共体袅Sue 控告，起诉肁Enforceable unenforceable 可执行羀Fraud 欺诈螆Physical location 实际地点芆Tortious act 侵权行为螃Illegality 非法行为，违法性虿Bona fide善意的螆Dismiss dismissal驳回蚇Complaint counterclaim 起诉 反诉膁Fraudulent certificate of origin 欺诈的原

11、产地证书螂Contrary to public policy 违反国家政策袆Iniquity 不公正行为袄Supersede 取代羃Enforcement of the agreement 执行蒁The writing requirement 书面要求羆Enactment by state legislatures州立法芅Flexible flexibility灵活性蚄Legally binding 受法律约束芀Ambiguous ambiguity模糊性肆The parol evidence rule口头证言原则蚅Extrinsic evidence外部证据肂Contradicted by

12、抵触肈Relevant circumstances 相关现象膆Digital signatures in electronic commerce电子签名肆Valid validity有效性螄Problems of interpretation肁Order form订货单芆Subjective intent主观意图膃Customs, practices and trade usages节Trade usages商业惯例袀Mercantile practices商业实践莅Reimbursement 补偿 reimburse unreimbursed薄Trade usages under the C

13、ISG羄Entering the agreement: the offer虿The intention to be bound 订约意向虿Exclusion clause免责条款羅Expressly implicitly/impliedly 蒂Public offers公开报价蚂Invitation to deal要约邀请蝿Price list价目单莆Open price terms开放价格条款膄Government-established price政府指导价蒁Firm offers确定的要约衿Revoke revocable irrevocable revocation撤销螇Enterin

14、g the agreement: the acceptance薂Manifestation of the intention 意思表示膀Initial草拟罿Silence as acceptance 默示承诺羄Time of acceptance莃Expire expiration终止罿Terminate termination终止聿Time constraints时间限制莄Dispatch of an acceptance 承诺的发出螁Chateau vs sabate羁Sole jurisdiction专属管辖聿Verbal contract口头合同螅Reversed and remand

15、ed 撤销原判发还重审蒃Written confirmation 书面确认螀The mirror image rule镜像原则腿The manner of offer and acceptance: buyers and sellers forms膆The pro forma invoice 形式发票羁Contract terms and conditions and the battle of the forms蕿Trade associations行业协会艿Place liability on 使负责芃Terms and conditions合同条款蚃Standard clause 标准条

16、款芈Quoted price报价莈General conditions of sale 购买条款蚄Terms of payment付款方式肁Force majeure不可抗力莁Warranties 担保蒈Breach of warranty 违反担保肅Business day营业日袃Limitation of liability责任范围肀Governing law准据法薈Consequential damages间接损害赔偿蒆Incidental damages 附带损害赔偿芁Special damages专项损害赔偿衿Grace period宽限期蚈Battle of the forms格式

17、之争袇Purchase order订单羂Affirmative response肯定回复袂Recourse 追索权蚈General Court of Justice常设法院羃The battle of the forms under the Common Law and Civil Law螄The battle of the forms and mirror image rule under UCC蚀Materially alter material alteration实质性改变螈Express limitation明确限制莄Constitute a rejection of 拒绝 cons

18、titute a fundamental breach膂Settlement of disputes争端解决葿The validity of standard contract terms:a comparison袈Standard terms 格式条款螅Valid invalid validity 有效性袄Late payment fee 滞纳金芈Interest penalty罚息羈Express and implied warranties 明示和默示条款膆Merchantable merchantability商销性莂Nonconforming goods不合格商品芁Judicial

19、interpretation司法解释肇Fungible goods可替代商品莃Disclaim disclaimer拒绝适用；免责条款肄Merchantable unmerchantable merchantability merchantability商销性肀Rights and liabilities 权责膇Disclaiming implied warranties 排除适用默示条款螄Schmitz vs rockland蒂Burden of proof举证责任蝿Warrant warranty 担保芇Misplace 错位膅Notice of nonconforming goods 不

20、合格货物通知芄Nonconformity conformity conform conforming nonconforming 不合格袂Assert the breach against 主张违约芇Remedy for breach of contract薆Avoidance of the contract解除合同蚁Price reduction减价薁Specific performance实际履行莇Avoidance and the fundamental breach羇Revocation of acceptance 撤回承诺莃Perfect tender完美看管人荿Fundamenta

21、l breach 根本性违约 commit a fundamental breach蒇Minor nonconformity瑕疵 ；substantial nonconformity严重缺陷肃Avoidance rights 解除合同权袁Buyers right to avoidance膈MMI vs IMS薇Exclusive licensing agreement 独家许可专属协议蒄Deny responsibility 否认责任薃Arbitration arbitrator 仲裁 仲裁员膁Arbitration panel 仲裁委员会蚇Place of business 营业地袅Exce

22、ed authority 越权肁Notice of avoidance羀Full performance全部履行螆Defective performance有瑕疵的履行芆Specific relief特定救济螃Substitutionary relief 替代性救济虿Delayed performance 延迟履行螆Sellers right to remedy 蚇Unreasonable inconvenience 不合理的不便膁Unreasonable delay 不合理迟延螂Right of rejection 拒收权袆Sellers additional time to perform

23、 袄Repudiate 否认羃Price reduction蒁Contract specifications合约规格羆Withhold保留芅Money damages蚄Breaching party 违约方芀Injured party 受损方肆Substitute goods 替代货物蚅Right of discretion 自由裁量权肂resort to legal action 诉诸法律途径肈the mailbox rule膆the rule of the receipt of the letter of the acceptance 肆Delchi vs Rotorex螄Mitigate

24、 damages 减轻损失肁Reasonably foreseeable 可合理预见芆Handling and storage 处理和储藏膃Compensatory damages 补偿性赔偿 consequential damages 间接损害赔偿节Award v判决赔偿 n判决 裁定 (损失赔偿金等的)裁定额袀Award compensatory damages for莅Deny claim for damages 驳回要求赔偿的主张薄Incidentals 杂费羄Double recovery重复补偿虿Recoverable incidental expenses 可予以补偿的杂项费用虿

25、Remand to the district court驳回至地区法院羅Specific Performance in common law and civil law systems蒂Specifically perform 实际履行蚂Give timely notice to 及时通知 make a timely request及时要求蝿Anticipatory breach 预期违约莆Repudiate 否认效力蚁Right to suspend performance 中止履行的权利羈Provide adequate assurance 提供充足保证莆Insolvent 丧失偿付能力

26、资不抵债莄Avoidance of installment contracts 分期合同腿Excuse for nonperformance 不履行的免责螇Practicable impracticable impracticability 不切实际性蒆Escape contractual obligation 逃避义务蒁Contingency 意外 意外开支袁Impossibility of performance 履行不能蒆Objectively impossible 客观不能薆Inability to pay 无力支付袂Frustration of purpose 合同目的落空莈Comm

27、ercial impracticability 商销不切实际性蕿Unforeseen event不可预见事件蚆The CISG exemptions for impediments beyond control CISG对不可控制阻碍的免责芃Impediments 障碍肀Exculpatory clause 免责条款芇Force Majeure clause 不可抗力条款螆Quarantine restriction 检疫限制蚃The CISG蒈Place of business 营业地肆Contracting States 缔约国袆Investment securities 投资证券螀Neg

28、otiable instruments 流通票据膀Formation of the contract 合同订立袅Rights and obligations 权利义务袆Validity 有效性膁Apply to 适用于蚈Liability for death or personal injury 伤亡赔偿责任袈Private international law 国际私法羅Due consideration 适当考虑薂Negotiations 谈判莀Practices实际做法蚇Usages 惯例肅Subsequent conduct 事后行为肃At the conclusion of the c

29、ontract 合同签订时袈habitual residence 经常居住地蒆indication of intention 意思表示膅the parties may not derogate from or vary the effect of this article. 各当事人不得减损或改变本条之效力。蒄Make a declaration 声明薀Sufficiently definite 足够明确葿Invitation to make offers 要约邀请芅Withdraw withdrawal 撤回要约薁Revoke revocation 撤销要约节Act in reliance

30、on the offer基于对要约的合理信赖芈Reasonable reliance 合理信赖莅Terminate 终止羂Rejection 拒绝蝿Indication of assent 同意表示羆Payment 支付手段蒅Place and time of delivery 交货地点 时间莂Extent of one partys liability 增加一方责任蒁Modifications 条款修订螅Lapse 失效蒅Domestic law 国内法螃Breach of conditions 违反基本条款衿First carrier 第一承运人螈Conformity of the goo

31、ds 货物符合规定薅Third party claims 涉第三方诉讼袀Sphere of application 适用范围薁Date for delivery 交货日期薇Specify the nature of the lack of conformity 详述蚄Industrial property 工业产权芁Intellectual property 知识产权聿Determinable 可决定的莆retain any rights to claim damages 保留索偿的权利螄resort to a remedy for 寻求救济蚂a sum equal to the loss 等

32、同于损失螁exemptions 豁免 exempt from荿uncontrollable unyielding unforeseeable unavoidable袄in witness whereof 以资证明肃plenipotentiary 全权代表艿denounce this Convention 退出公约膈consignment 托运羄an offer is considered sufficiently definite if it 1) describes the goods, 2)expressly or implicitly specifies the quantity, an

33、d 3) expressly or implicitly specifies the price for the goods.蒄remedies in the CISG for breach of contract:1)2) 羁Avoidance of the contract3)4) 袇Sellers right to remedy or cure5)6) 肄Sellers additional time to perform7)8) 蚁Price reduction9)10) 莈Money damages11)12) 蚅Specific performance肄Implied warran

34、ties肁Under the CISG, the seller must deliver goods that are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract, and that1)2) 膀Are fit for the purposes for which goods of the same description would ordinarily be used.3)4) 螈Are fit for any particular purpose expressly or impliedly made

35、known to the seller at the time of the conclusion of the contract.5)6) 膄Possess the qualities of goods which the seller has held out to the buyer as a sample.7)8) 蒂Are contained in the manner adequate to preserve and protect the goods.薈What does the CISG govern?蒇Only govern芄(1) Formation袃(2) Rights

36、and obligations of the buyer and seller芀(3)The form of contract芆Three basic elements to make a valid acceptance莃 (1) offeree (2) through a statement or other conduct (3) indication of assent to the offer芄Function of parol evidence:螈 A. To clarify an ambiguity艿 B. To prove additional terms of the agr

37、eement蒃What are the basic elements to make an effective offer?莁1.a proposal communicated to the offeree蒀2.the sufficiently definite, specific or detailed proposal 肈3. the intention of offeror to be bound in case of acceptance薃Silence can be an acceptance (1) when the parties have made such agreement

38、s or (2) when the offeree has had prior dealings with the offeror.螂In a sale the seller is the party to provide goods. What the seller should do is :膂 (1) to deliver the goods袇 (2) to hand over any documents relating to the goods蚃 (3) to transfer the property in the goods膃The CISG is in favor of the

39、 concerns of developing countries as to this point. Under the CISG,-Art. 38/39蚀 (1) the buyer examines the goods within as short a period as is practicable after they are received; 薆 (2) the buyer should give notice of a nonconformity or defect in the goods within a reasonable time unless some reaso

40、nable excuse prevents doing so; 蚃 (3) notice must be given within two years from the date on which the goods were handed over to the buyer;薄(4) if the buyer fails to give proper notice, the buyer loses the right to assert the breach against the seller. 莁What are the buyers remedies for the sellers b

41、reach?蚈1. Nonperformance螃(1) The buyer may avoid the contract and claim damages.螀(2) The buyer may ask for specific performance. 蝿(3) The buyer may cover and claim damages.莇Delayed performance袃(1)The buyer may give a grace period.膁(2) Although a grace period is given, the seller does not perform wit

42、hin this period. Then the breach is fundamental, the buyer may avoid the contract and claim damages.薁. Defective performance膆(1) The buyer may reject the non-conforming goods and ask the seller to deliver conforming goods.芇(2) The buyer may ask the seller to repair the non-conformity of goods.薂(3) T

43、he buyer may reduce the price. 罿(4) If the former three remedies are not available, the buyer may avoid contract and claim damages. 腿What are the sellers remedies for the buyers breach?芆1.The seller may grant the buyer a grace period 羃2.The seller may ask for specific performance, e.g., make payment

44、.蚁3.The seller may avoid contract and claim damages.羈 (1) The seller may resell the goods and claim the difference between the contract price and the selling price if the buyer does not take the delivery.莆 (2) If no resell, the seller may avoid contract and claim damages directly.   莄a fun

45、damental breach as one that will substantially deprive one party of what he is entitled to expect under the contract.腿How may a buyer avoid the contract if the seller commits a fundamental breach?-Art. 49螇 cancel/ notify/ protect/ return蒆The “date for delivery” under the contract is the date the sel

46、ler hands the goods over directly to the first carrier unless the parties specify otherwise.蒁Where is the place of delivery if the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods?袁 The seller exercises his obligation to delivery while handling the goods over to the first carrier for transmission to

47、the buyer. 蒆If the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods, when does the risk pass from the seller to the buyer? 薆 The risk passes to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer in accordance with the contract of sale. (Art. 67)袂Sellers right

48、to remedy within the time for performance (prior to the delivery date)莈Specific performance may be granted only if all of the following conditions are met: (Art. 46)蕿a. The buyer had not resorted to another remedy;蚆b. The seller has made non-delivery or delivered seriously nonconforming goods;芃c. Th

49、e buyer gave timely notice to the seller that the goods were nonconforming;肀d. The buyer had made a timely request that the seller provide substitute goods.芇Initiale 草签螆Forum selection 管辖选择蚃Summary procedures 即决程序 简易程序蒈Summary judgement 即决裁判肆Bills of exchange 汇票 promissory notes 本票 cheques 支票袆Subsid

50、iary 子公司螀Binding contract 有约束力的合同膀Memorandum agreement 协议备忘袅Objective 诉求袆Claim 诉由膁Contracting States 缔约国蚈Concurrent jurisdiction 共同管辖权袈Exclusive jurisdiction 专属管辖权羅Remand back 发回重审薂Federal Preemption 联邦先占权莀CISG不适用的情形：蚇This Convention does not apply to sales:a)b) 肅Of goods bought for personal, family or household use, unless the seller, at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract,