外研版英语必修一知识点归纳

1、标准文案外研版英语必修一知识点归纳第一单元第一部分词汇短语过关1. adj. 热心的， 热情的fenthusiasm n. 热心；热情2. adj. 令人惊异的- v. 使吃惊 adj. 感到吃惊的famazement n.惊愕，惊异3. n. 信息inform vt. 通知， 告知4. n.指示，用法说明finstruct v. 教导，命令，指示5. adj.令人厌烦的- adj.（对某人/事物）厌倦的，烦闷的-vt. 使厌烦6. adj.尴尬的，难堪的 -v.使困窘，使局促不安-adj. 令人为难的 fembarrassment n. 窘迫；为难7. n. 行为， 举止behave v.

2、举动， 举止8. n. 描述；形容；描写f describe vt. 描写， 记述9. vt.使（人）印象深刻；使铭记f n.印象， 感想fimpressive adj. 令人印象深刻的10. n .纠正，改正correct adj.正确的- v .改正， 纠正， 批改11. v. 鼓励， 激励- adj. 鼓舞人心的- adj. 受到鼓舞的，更有信心的 fencouragement n. 鼓励，奖励12. enjoyment n.享受， 乐趣f v. 享受， 喜欢f adj. 令人愉快的， 有乐趣的13. fluency n. 流利，流畅f adj.流利的，流畅的14. adj.失望的 ad

3、j. 使人失望的，令人失望的 disappointvt. 使失望 n. 失望15. n. 助手， 助理fassist v .帮助短语检测1 .与相似2 .某人对（做）某事的态度3 .离远，远非4 . 一点不像，与完全不同5 .玩得很开心8 .期待；盼望9 .对印象深刻10 .在开始的时候11 .在结束的时候6 .起初，7 .换句话说 第二部分一开始语法精讲12 .被（划）分成13 .参加14 .课外活动大全的区别（语气由强至IJ弱）.because,since,as,for,because of （1） because 表示的原因是必然的因果关系，语气最强，通常放在主句之后，有时也放在主句之前

4、。（2）回答why提出的问题，只能用 because,不能用其余三者。如：A： Why can' t I go?我为什么不能去？B： Because you are too young. 因为你太年轻了。because 引导的从句可用于强调句，其余三者不能。哪：It ' s because he is kind that we like him.是因为他对人友好，我们才喜欢他。because 从句可用表语，其余三者不能。如：This is because the earth is travelling round the sun.这是因为地球在围绕太阳转。（5） not bec

5、ause这一结木中的not有时否定主句，有时否定从句，一般应根据句子的意思作出正确的（合逻辑的）理解。若not否定主句，最好在 because之前用逗号，否则容易引起歧义：I didn ' t go because I was afraid.1）我没有去是因为我怕。2）我不因为怕才去。不过若because之前有just修饰，一般认为not只能否定从句。如：You shouldn ' t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.不要因为有些人说你的坏话而生气。（6）表示"的原因是因为"这一意义时，

6、一般要用 The reason why - is that。如：The reason why he cannot come is that he is ill.他不能来的原因是 （因为）他病了。注：在阅读中有时也可见到The reason why.is because.这样的说法，但比较少见。2. 关于since 和as（1） since和as表示的原因是人们所知的，是对已知事实提供理由，而不表示直接原因。 since比as语气稍强，且比as略为正式，两者通常都放在主句之前，有时也放在主句之后。如：Since you feel tired, you should rest.既然你感到累了,你应

7、该休息。As he was not will, I decided to go without him.因为你身体不好,我决定独自去。since可用于省略句，而其它三者不能。如：Since so, there is no more to be said.既然如此，就再没有什么好说的了since "因为，既然”侧重主句，主句表示显然的或已知的理由。强调说话者和听者双方都知道的原因，常译为“既然”，一般用在这样的句子里。例如：Since we've got a few minutes to wait for the train, let's have a cup of c

8、offee.（4） as是从属连词，说明一般的因果关系，语气比 because弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从句通常 放在句首，有时也可放在句末。例如： As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi.天下雨了，你最好乘出租车。3.关于for（1） for 是并列连词（其作三者为从属连词），它有时可表示因果关系（只能放在主句之后，且可与because换用），有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断（也只能放在主句之后，但不能与because 换用）。如：The ground is wet, for （ 或 because） it r

9、ained last night.地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。It rained last night, for （不能用 because） the ground is wet this morning.昨晚下过雨， （你看）今天早上地面都是湿的。（2） for“因为，由于”表明附加或推断的理由，引导的分句前常有逗号。for分句不放句首.是用来附带解释或说明前一分句的原因和理由。例如：Day breaks, for the cock crows.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.I won't go in, fo

10、r my father is there.（5） because of是介词短语，在句子作状语，后面只能跟名词，代词，或者 what引导的从句。Because of my bad leg ,I couldn ' t walk so fast as the others.白亍戏的谜屎 了 K不能像其他人走骞邛幺改。 章于句背效状浩 程可送号3其他邨分分开Because of his wife ' s being there, I said nothing about it.因为他荽子在场 我计此三只字未於（接-ing分词）He realized that she was cryi

11、ng because of what he had said.他意识到她在哭是因为他说的那些话。（接what从句）练习：用 because,since,as,for,because of 填空1 .Why do you like the teacher? he is kind and enthusiastic.2.It was his mother was ill that he came to school late this morning.1.1 t is hot,let ' s go swimming4 .Parents should take seriously their

12、children' requests for sunglasses eye protectionis necessary in sunny weather.5 .he can ' t answer the question,you ' d better ask someone else.6 .He realized that the teacher was angrywhat he had said.7.1 haven ' t seen the film, I can ' t tell you what I think of it.8.The days

13、are short,for it is now December.改错1 .They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.2.Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.二.be similar to:与 相似The weather of Beijing is similar to that of New York北京的天气与纽约的天气很相似Be different from 与. 不同。Their tas

14、tes are different from mine他们的爱好与我的不同。(1) Your views on education are similar mine.A in B to C from D with(2)I saw no difference in Paris. It' s just like our Shanghai.A similar B likely C like D samebe similar in 在. 方面相似The two house are similar in size.翻译：(1)她在很多方面与她妈妈相似(2)他的外套和你的相似。三.-ed形容词和-

15、ing形容词的用法区别传统的观点许多参考书认为：-ing形容词与表示事物的名词连用，-ed形容词与表示人的名词连用。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠准确，在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如比皆是：假若你的老师说话幽默、讲课生动, interesting man（有趣的人）。比较：I ' m interested in interesting people.He was worried about his worrying son.He was annoyed with the annoying person.那么不仅他的课非常-ing形容词用于人的情况就比interesting ,而且你

16、会说他是一个我对有趣的人感兴趣。他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。他对这个讨厌的人很生气。a frightened look a frightening look an excited talk an exciting talk另一方面，-ed形容词用于指物的情况也不少见。比较并体会:害怕的表情（指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕 ）吓人的表情（指这种“表情”令人害怕）心情激动的谈话（指“谈话”的人心情激动）令人激动的谈话（指听“谈话”的人心情激动） 由于传统的观点说得太绝对，有时做起题来还可能会因此掉入命题人的陷阱do you think of your English teacher? Is he

17、?A. What, interestingB. What, interestedC. How, interestingD.How, interested 正确的观点关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，比较准确的表述应该是：1. 以后缀 ed 结尾的形容词 （如 ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等）通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：He had a pleased smile on his

18、face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He told me the news in a very excited voice.他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑；第二句中的a very excited voice指的是“很激动的声音”，即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音。原则上，-ed形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air（神态）,appearance（外貌）,cry（哭 声）,face（表情）,voice（ 声音）,mood（情绪）'Times New Roman"）,

19、mood（等显示某人的情感状况的名词。2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的 形容词（如 delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying等）主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如：The story is very interesting.The man is very interesting. 请再比较并体会以下句子： He is frightened.他很害怕这个故事很有趣。这个人很有趣。He is frightening.他很吓人He has

20、a frightened look on his face.He has a frightening look on his face.I read an interested expression on his face.I read an interesting expression on his face.他脸上带有惊恐的神情。他脸上带有吓人的神情。我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。s actions against the laws get parents学练结合请做做以下试题，看你是否能克服原来的思维定势，能否跳出命题人的陷阱:1. Laws that

21、 punish parents for their little childrenA. worriedB. to worriedC. worryingD.worry 2. The little boy isn ' t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son, she feels very.A. disappointing;worryingB. disappointing;worriedC. disappointed;worriedD. dis

22、appointed;worrying3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home,.A. safe but tiredB. safely but tiredC. safe and tiringD. safelyand tiring4. As we all know, typing is a job to a heart.A. tired; tiredB. tired; tiringC. tiring;tiredD. tiring; tiring5. Poor boy! His looks and han

23、ds suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful;tremblingB. frightened; tremblingC. frightening; trembledD. frightened; trembly说明主语因而产生的情绪反应，从而影响到人的身体部位trembling 。 ed形式及常见短语与ing形式形容词归纳excited (be d about)/ excitingsurprised (be d at) /surprising amazed (be d at) /amazing embarrassed(be ed in) /embarras

24、sing encouraged(be ed at / by) / encouraging frustrated (be d of)/ frustratinginterested (be ed in) / interesting thrilled (be ed at) / thrillingterrified (be terrified at/ of / with) / terrifyingpleased (be d with) / pleasing, = pleasantsatisfied(be satisfied with) / satisfying frightened (be ed at

25、 / of )/ frighteningtired (be d of) / tiring bored (be d with) / boring relaxed (无固定搭配)/ relaxingfascinated (be d by) / fascinating annoyed (be ed with) / annoying moved (be d by) / movingworried (be worried about)/ worryingconfused (be confused about) / confusing练习：一用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空1. The ch

26、ildren were after the trip.(tire )2. The trip was.(tire )3. The children went to bed early after the trip.(tire )4. The trip lasted a whole day.(tire )5. The trip made the children.(tire )6. The bad weather made the trip.(tire )7. Tom' s parents are at his results of the exams. (disappoint )8. a

27、nd angry, he left the meeting-room.(disappoint )9. It is that he didn ' t pass the examination . (disappoint )10. When hearing the news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were to look at eachother. (surprise )11. He was about his son.(worry )12. I'm not with his interpretation of this se

28、ntence.(satisfy )13. He was with the person. (annoy)14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a look on his face.(frighten )15. The situation here is and we are.(encourage )二 巩固练习：1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front to arrive.(2008 全国卷 I)A. is expectedB. is expecti

29、ngC. expectsD. willbe expected 2. Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? (2008上海高考)Terry? Never! He tents and fresh air!A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. hates3. By the time he realizes he into a trap, it' ll be too late for him to do anything aboutit. (2008山东高考)A. walksB. walked C.

30、 has walked D. had walked4. So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008福建高考)C. had seenD. have seen't come now. (2008烟台模拟)C. are invited D. invited's actions against the laws get parentsB. to worriedC.A. sawB. see5. Some of the people who to the party canA.

31、had been invitedB. have been invited6. Laws that punish parents for their little children.A. worriedworryingD. worry7. The little boy isn ' t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son, she feels very.D.A. disappointing; worrying B. disappointing

32、; worried C. disappointed; worried disappointed; worrying8. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, A. safe but tiredB. safely but tiredC. safe and tiringD. safelyand tiring9. As we all know, typing is a job to a heart.A. tired; tiredB. tired; tiringC. tiring;tiredD. tirin

33、g; tiring10. Poor boy! His looks and hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; tremblingB. frightened; tremblingC.frightening; trembledD. frightened; trembly11. do you think of your English teacher? Is he?A. What, interestingB. What, interestedC. How,interestingD. How, interested四.倍数的三种表达法：1.

34、 Americans eat vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. more than twiceB. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. morethantwiceasmany 2. Paper producedevery year is the world's production of vehicles.A. the three weightof B. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy asD.threeti

35、mesas heavier as 3.With the help of the German experts , the factory produced cars in 1993 as the yearbefore. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 4. This ship measures that one.5. After the new technique was introducedA. as twice as long B. as twice long as C. twice l

36、ong as D. twice as long as,the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many as C. as twice as many D. twice as many五impress v. 使印象深刻(1) impression n. 印象；感想impressive adj. 给人留下深刻印象的(2) impress sb. with sth.某物给某人留下印象be impressed by/with 对印象深亥 U他的智慧给我留下了深刻例 He impres

37、sed me with his wisdom=I was impressed with /by his wisdom的印象。(3) impress sth. on/upon sb.使某人意识到重要性Her talent impressed itself on my mind她的才华在我心里印象深亥U(4) make an good/bad impression on sb.给某人留下印象练习1 .The headmaster a very good impression on the parents at the meetingA got B took C made D did2.She im

38、pressed everyone her beauty.A by B with C on D in3.用适当的介词填空(1) The child impressed us clever(2) The people present were all impressed his sense of humor(3) The old man ' s word were deeply impressed my memory用impress或其短语的正确形式填空was really(1) When I asked Mike what impressed him most about the hos

39、tess, he told me he was deeply the hostess ' enthusiasm. I agreed that the hostess ' enthusiasm and it made a great me too.(2) I Peter the importance of the meeting.六.look forward to dong sth 期盼着做某事。look back (on/to sth.)回想， 记起小心，当心， 留心（某人或某物）仔细检查， 快速I阅读（某物）look on 旁观look out (for sb./sth.)l

40、ook through sth.look sth. up 查阅， 向上看look up to sb.赞赏/尊敬某人look down on/upon轻视， 看不起每一个孩子都期盼着过年lookinto、调查Every child is looking forward to the Spring Festival.We are looking forward to seeing each other soon.我们期盼着尽，快看至 1彼止匕The day I have been looking forward to soonA will come B come c came D comingTh

41、e day we had been looking forward to at last.A. comeB. had come C . cameD. coming根据语境用look短语填空(1) She her notes before the exam.(2) There' s a car coming.(3) A working party has been set up to theproblem.(4) Can you the time of the next train?七.that ,it, one , ones, the one与 the ones(those) 的区另U

42、(1) . it1)代替上文提到的名词，指代同一事物 (同名同物)，不能带修饰语：-Do you want the magazine? -Yes, I want it.I don't want to drink the tea. It is too hot .2) it用作人称代词时，可指已知的或暗含的事实或情况，或用作形式主语/宾语，也可替代性别不明的婴儿。Once the supermarket closes, it will mean that 200 workers will be laid off.No, she was not at home last night. Wha

43、t about it?It would be a pity to miss it.It is not worth getting upset.It's probable that we'll be a little late.I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious.She thought it a waste of time arguing with him.George made it dear that he disagreed.2 . one1)代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词，表泛指(同类但不是同

44、一)前面可以有冠词或形容词，也可以有this或that或another ,但前不能有物主代词：I have 1ost my pen . I' m going to buy one.This pen doesn ' t work. I must buy another one.I prefer this one to that one.比较：I' m looking for a flat. I' d like a small one with a garden.I' m looking for a flat. I' d like one with

45、a garden.(不能说：.a one with a garden. )2) one作为不定人称代词，可泛指“任何一个人"，有one's和oneself形式。多用于正式文体，口语中 也可用he/his 代替第二个one/one's.One has to take care of oneself and one's family if he can.One shouldn't hesitate to correct his/one's mistakes.If one wants to see the ruins, he must find hi

46、s own guide.(如果一个人想看那废墟，他必须找自己的向导。)One of the girl students hasn't handed in composition.A. one's B. his C. their D. her3 . ones是one的复数形式，常用来代替复数可数名词，表泛指，前面不用物主代词修饰，也不用these或those来直接修饰，除非 ones前面有形容词：I have a new coat and several old ones.These yellow waistcoats are so small. I want those gre

47、en ones.4 the one 替代表特指的单数名词：Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best.Hand me my coat. It's the one hanging on the wall.Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me.5 the ones替代表特指的复数名词：Don' t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.I ' d like to try on t

48、hose shoes, the ones at the front of the window.Are they the ones who moved here recently?6. that用来代替上下文中的名词，它表示与前面同类不同一的东西。that既可代替不可数名词，又可代替单数可数名词，其后总有后置定语，一般不指人：1） Life in the countryside seems more exciting than that in town.I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher

49、 than that in the city.2）指代可数名词时，that相当于the oneMy room is better than that/the one next door.3）若后置定语为of引起的介词短语，则通常用that oThe price of wheat is higher than that of rice.The population of China is larger than that of Japan.7. those是that的复数形式，可用来替代可数名词的复数形式，表示特指；有时the ones和those可互换使用，常有后置定语：The student

50、s in our class work harder than those in their class.The book is more difficult than those we have read before.Students who do well in examinations are thosethe ones who like to ask questions inclass.观察并分析下列句子中的one/ones:1 I'm reading a new book these days ,in English. A. itB. thatC. oneD. which2

51、 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,I will always treasure. （02全国35） A. that B. one C. it D. what3 . My most famous relative of all,who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel,my great-grandfather. （06A. one B. the one比较：1 Can you lend me a pen?Can I borrow yo

52、ur pen?江苏22）C. he D. someoneSorry. I haven ' t got one.Sorry , I ' m using it.2 My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much.Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me.3替代表特指的单数名词可用it , that , the one。1）替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用 the one。Who is her husband? The one by

53、the window.（ 用 the one , 替代人）2）当有前置定语修饰时，只能用 the one。如：Which do you want? The red one.She would rather have the small one than the large one.3）当有后置定语修饰时，通常用 the one。如：He said he would have the one near him.他说要靠近他的那个。Is that the one that was published recently?是最近出版的那一种吗 ？4）若后置定语为of引起的介词短语，则通常用 that

54、。5 those来替代表特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有of引导的介词短语或 who引导的定语从句修饰时。如： Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light.红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here.你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名His ideas are little different from those of his friends.6 .当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用one

55、(s)来替代。如：Do you need coffee cups or tea cups?(不能说：. or tea ones? )但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用one (s)替代。如：We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones.练习：1. I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. thisB. thatC. itD. one2. -Do you like here?-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life.

56、Everything is so nice.A. thisB. theseC. thatD. it3. I ' m reading a new book these days ,in English. A. itB. thatC. oneD. which4. Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except who had already taken them.A. one B. the onesC. someD. the others5. 一 Have you ever seen a snake alive ? Yes , I ' ve seen.A. thatB. soC. oneD. it6. I prefer a street in asmall town to_ in such a large city as Shanghai.A. thatB. itC. thisD. one7. Meeting my uncleafter all theseyears was an unforgettable moment I will always treasure.A. thatB. oneC. itD. what8. May I help you with some shoes,sir?Ye