高一定语从句导学案

1、高一定语从句导学案高一定语从句（the Attributive Clause） 导学案【学习目标】：1、掌握定语从句的定义。2、掌握关系代词that, who, which, whom和whose的用法。3、掌握关系副词when, where, why的用法。4、掌握介词+which的用法5.、能够灵活运用定语从句。【学习方法】：1、根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法。2、背诵典型句子3、多做练习进行运用和分析【语法知识点】1 .定语从句-在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一 名强、代词或整个主句2 .先行词-被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先

2、行词、定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的 先行词之后。先行词可以为 一个词，短语，或整个主句。3 .关系词-在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词，分成关系代词和关系 副词.4 .关系代词和关系副词有三大作用：连接一连接定语从句和主句替代一替代前面的先行词成分一在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语）例 1. A huge crack （ that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide ）（先行词）（关系词）（定语从句）cut across houses, roads and canals.【学习过程】Part1

3、.关系词的使用1、完成表格关系代词先行词（指人或 物）在从句中充 当什么成分例句分析that指人/物作主语、宾语（作宾语 时可以省 略）A huge crack that was eight kilometres 10ng and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.I don ' t know about the manthat) you mentioned.who指人作主语The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached mor

4、e than 400,000.whom指人作宾语（可 以省略）The man (whom) you met yesterdayis Mr. Smith .The boy (whom) you are looking for is hidden behind the tree.which指物作主语、宾语(作宾语 时可以省 略)Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first oneshook Tangshan. The pen （which） my uncle gave me

5、 is missing.whose指人/物作定语Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.= .the homes of whom had been destroyed.=of whom the homes had been destroyed【注】 whose +n = the +n. +of which / whom或 of which / whom + the +n.as正如 .指人/物作主语、宾 语(/、可省 略)We have found such materials as are used

6、 in their factory.He is not the same man as he was.As we all had expected,Liuxiang won the gold medal in the competition.关系副词先行词在从句中充 当什么成分例句分析when二 介 词+which时间时间状语I still remember the day when / on which I first came to Taishan No.1 High School.where二 介 词+which地点地点状语This is the v川age where / in whi

7、ch I eve门ived.why=for+ which原因原因状语Do you know the reason why / for which he is absent?【注】 定语从句的关系副词 when where why =介词+which,但反之并不一定。如：English is the subjectin which I ' m interested.2.做题方法：(1)找先行词(2)还原-把先行词放入定语从句(3)确定关系词【练习1】用关系代词that, who, whom, which或whose填空，并指出它们在从句中作 何成分。1. The eggs I bough

8、t yesterday were not fresh.（作）2. He prefers the goose comes from his parents （作'farm.）3. The noodles you cooked were delicious.（作）4. He saw a house windows were all broken.（作）5. The man lives next to us sells vegetables;.（作）6. I don ' t like the people smoke a lot作）7. I prefer dumplings have

9、 just been cooked.（作）8. Don ' t drink water has not been boiled作）9. The man you met just now is my teacher.（作）10. Plane is a machine can fly.（作）观察下面两组句子1. A. This is the house I once lived in.先行词指，关系词在句中作 语，应填。8. This is the house I once lived.先行词指，关系词在句中作 语，你知道应填什么关系词吗?2. A. He was born in a da

10、y was very hot.先行词指,关系词在H中作 语，应填。8. He was born in a day it was very hot.先行词指,关系词在H中作 语。【指点迷津】当把先行词放回定语从句时，需要加上一个介词，说明先行词在定语从句中充当状语。如： When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.（还原：I would be staying in the house）【练习2】用关系副词when, where, why填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。1. I remember

11、the day I first come to the school.2. Beijing is the place I was born.3. This is the factory I visited last year.4. Is this the reason he refused to help you?5. I'll never forget the years I spent with you in the city.6. We all didn ' t believe the reason saidheust now.【指点迷津】在定语从句中，如其先行词是抽象名

12、词 situation , point, position ,condition,case, scene, spot, stage等，如定语从句不缺主语、宾语和表语，则用关系副词whereoccasion -场合（where） ;-时机;机会（when）。如： We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. （2008东）I have never been to such

13、 an occasion where people all dress formally.Ex. He' s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over theplane. A. where B. which. C. while D. why3、that 和 which关系代词只用that的情况:先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时。 先行词是 all, any, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避

14、免重复，只用 that先行词既包括人又包括物时。 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the la影饰时。(1). This is the highest building I ' ve ever seen.I really didn ' t know anything happened to Jim yesterday.一Who is the man is standing over there?Oh,he is my math teacher.They are talking about things and persons they sa

15、w there a few days ago.关系代词只用which的情况:引导非限制性定语从句;关系词前有介词；先行词本身是that(1). The tree,is four hundred years old, is very famous here.We depend on the lanfrom we get our food.That you told him about is what we want to know.who 和 that在什么情况下只用 who不用that?all / those作先行词且指人； 在there be结构中，先行词指人； 先行词是指人的不定代词 on

16、e, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none(1) .Those want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.(2) .There is a stranger wants to see you.(3) . One doesn' t work hard will never succeed in his work .4、先行词是way的定语从句1) The way you solved the problem is not the best one.

17、2) This is the way he told me to solve the problem.【指点迷津】当先行词是the way且在定语从句中充当状语时，关系连词有三种情况: in which / that / 省略Part2.介词 + which/ whom1 .分析下列例句：(1) The manwhom he is talking to is my father. The man jowhom he is talking is my father.(2) This is the penwhich I wrote the letter with .This is the pen

18、with which I wrote the letter.【指点迷津】(1)介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，如先行词是物，用介词+which; 如先行词是人，用介词+whom(2)当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可将介词提前到关系词前，构成 介词+which /whom(3)在固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词位于关系代4 / 10高一定语从句导学案词之前。 如 : look after, take care of, look for 等。判断正误：Th This is the pen for which I ' m looking.( This is the

19、 pen which I m looking for). (2. 如何确定定语从句中的介词？先找出定语从句，将先行词放入定语从句中1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配This is the bookwhich you asked2)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books which I am not very familiar.3)根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配This is our classroom , which there is a teacher s desk.【练习】用恰当的介词 +which/whom 填空1

20、. This is the rock the boy fell down into the sea.2. The film star we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.3. The West Lake Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.4. The reason he could not go there was that his grade was too low.5. The professor Mr. Smith shook hand

21、s yesterday has made new discoveries inscience.6. Could you tell me the day you arrived?Part 3 定语从句中的动词的数1. He is the only one of the students in his class who (have) got this chance.s praise2. He is one of the students in his class who (have) got the teacher3. Those who (want) to go to the cinema m

22、ust be at the school gate by3:30p.m.4. Anyone who (want) to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30p.m.【指点迷津】 关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词Part 4 课后巩固练习一选择最佳选项。1. The wolves hid themselves in theplaces couldn t be found.A. where B. that C. in which D. in that2. That tree, branches are almos

23、t bare, is very old.A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which3. Those not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learn B. who learn C. that learns D. who4. Anyone this opinion may speak out.A. that againstB. that against C. who is againstD. who are against5. Can you lend me the

24、 novel the other day?A. that you talkedB. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about6. The train she was travelling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in that7. Do you still remember the happy days we swam in the river in our village?A. which B. when C. that D. where8. May

25、 the fourth is the day we Chinese people will never forget.A. which B. when C. on which D. about which9. The hotel we stayed during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. what B. which C. where D. that10. Is that the reason you are in favour of the proposal?A. which B. what C. why D. for that11. I do

26、n ' t like you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which12. There is only one thing I can do.A. what B. that C. all D. which13. I have many books, some of are on chemistry.A. them B. that C. which D. those14. I like the second football match was held last we

27、ek.A. which B. who C. that D. /15. This is one of the best films this year.A. that have been shownB. that have shownC. that has been shownD. that has shown16. She was the only one of the girls in our class accepted as candidate for thepresident of cur Students ' Union.A. who was B. who were C. w

28、ho has been D. who have been17. This is the magazine I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which18. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.A. which price B. the price of whose C. its price D. whose price19. Anyone with what I said may raise your hand.A. that agrees B

29、. who agree C. who agrees D. that agree20. The great day we looked forward to at last.A. came B. come C. coming二.用关系词填空。1. The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.2. Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?3. Great changes have taken place in the factory we ha

30、ve been working since then.4. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.5. Is there anyone in your class family is in the country?6. The letter is from my sister,is working in Beijing.7. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.8. I will never forget the day we

31、worked together and the day we spent together.9. We admire him for the way he faces difficulties.10. The reason he didn't come was he was ill.11. - Did you ask the guard what happened? - Yes, he told me all he knew.12. Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?13. There are cases the word “ mighty

32、" is used as an adverb.14. The treatment will continue until the patient reachesthe point he can walk correctly and safely.15. There are several research centers in China a certain disease called Bird Flu isbeing studied.16. is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China.17. Some pictures of

33、the river brought the days back to the old they swam in it.18. Who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there?19. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers they had seen.20. Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance ofhaving

34、heart disease than those don' t.21. I will hire the man they say is a good English speaker.22. After reading your proposal,there is one point I don ' t agree.三.用介词+关系代词填空。（每空一词）1. The hotel they are staying is a very famous one.2. The pen I do my homework is a birthday present from my father

35、.3. Is this the car you paid a high price?4. The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.5. Is this the village the great scientist was born forty years ago?6. The professor we often turn for help will come to our party tonight.四、单句改错1. The story happened in November on which the weathe

36、r was very cold2. Stella is one of the engineers who is fit for the task3. Mr. Williams has two sons, both of whom looks like him.4. When we passed the place which the dead boy lay, each of us saluted5. Is this the horse that you spent five hours drawing it yesterday?6. Those who has finished the ex

37、ercises may leave the classroom now.7. Children eat a lot of sweets or chocolate often have bad teeth.8. Mr. Green is always working hard should get a rise.9. John is the only one of the students that have been abroad.10.I care about nothing which is going on there.四.用定语从句合并下列句子。1. The factory is a

38、small one. The factory stands near the river2. Have you answered the letter? You got that letter two weeks ago3. I'll never forget the day. On that day I joined the League.4. We are not allowed to do so Tell me the reason.5. The boy student is very young. He won the game.6. The town has become a

39、 famous city He grew up in the town.7. I spend my childhood in Suzhou. I have never been there again since I left8. He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter He has not seen the girl for years9. Do you know the man ? His son is a famous scientist10. My uncle bought the bicycle last week The bicyc

40、le has been stolen .Part4名言警句中的定语从句1. He who is ill to himself will be good to nobody.人不自爱，焉能爱人？2. He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。3. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing不犯错误的人一事无成。4. All that glitters is not gold.闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。5. Opportunity and luck always shows appreciation for those_w

41、ho are bold in struggling.机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。6. The only thing that we have to fear is fea门tself.唯一让我们恐惧的事就是恐惧本身.7. He who doesH t reach the Great Wall is not a true man 不至 U长城非好汉Part 5课后拓展【自主学习】-定语从句典型错误例析1 .我给他看了我上周在杭州的照片误I showed him the photos I took them in Hangzhou last week.正I showed him the pho

42、tos I took in Hangzhou last week.析关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词，又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。例句为省略了关系代词(that/which)的定语从句，that/which指代the photos,在定语从句中充 当took的宾语，故them多余，应去掉。2 .那个正在修理汽车的人是我的叔叔。误The man is mending the car is my uncle.8 / 10高一定语从句导学案 正 The man who/that is mending the car is my uncle. 析 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略， 只有作宾语时

43、才能省略that。 本句还可以译为 The man mending the car is my uncle.-ing 形式短语 mending the car作 the man 的后置定语。 )3 . 这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗？ 误 Is this kite your father made for you yesterday? 正 Is this kite the one (that) your father made for you yesterday? 析 若把 this 看作 kite 的修饰语， 短语 this kite 为主句的主语， 这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语，即定语从

44、何的先行词，所以应该加上代词the one。如果我们把this看作代词，作句子的主语，那么 kite 应该为句子的表语，则可以看出先行词 kite 前缺少定冠词the。 故本句还可改为： Is this the kite (that/which) your father made for you yesterday?4 . 她告诉我的就这些。误 This is all which she told me. 正 This is all (that) she told me.析 当先行词为 all, none, one, any, few, little, everything, anything

45、, nothing或先行词前有序数词，形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。另外，本旬还可以译为This iswhat she told me不过此时 what引导的是表语从何,而不是定语从句。5. 这是我们明天要讨论的问题。误 This is the problem about that we 正 This is the problem about which we 正 This is the problem (that/which) well talk tomorrow.ll talk tomorrow.ll talk about tomorrow.析介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，先

46、行词指人时，关系代词用whom；指物时，关系代词用 which 。 另外， 有些固定短语如 look after, listen to 等， 一般也不能将介词提到关系代词之前。6. 从这儿可以看到屋顶的那幢建筑物是镇里最大的超市。误 The building, which roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.正 The building, whose roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.析分析句意可知，building和roof之间存在

47、所属关系，故应用 whose, whose在引导从句定语从句时既可指人又可指物，通常可与 of which 互换使用，因此本句还可以表示为： The building, the roof of which (of which the roof ) can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.7. 人没有空气就不能生存，这是很自然的。误 Which is very natural, man can t live without air. 正 Man can t live without air, which/as is very natural. 正 As is very natural, man can t live without air.析 which/as 都可以引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，表语，宾语。但which引导的从句只能放在主句之后，而as 引导的从句位置比较灵活，可以位于句首，句中或句末。8. 他是今天早晨迟到的学生之一。误 He was one of the students who was late this mor