动名词知识点总结

1、定义如果一个动词加上了 ing变成了名词，那么这个词称动名词。动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。英语种的动名词是由动词变化而来，它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词 的某些变化形式，用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念，另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能类同与名词：在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者 支配宾语。作用动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。、作主语动名词作主语，在动词的基础上加i ng,使该动词或动词短语，有名词的各种特征，可作名词灵活使用。例如：Read in

2、g is an art.读书是一种艺术。Climbi ng mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝 说这样 的人加 入真是 浪费时 间。It was hard gett ing on the crowded street car.上这种拥挤的车真难。It is fun playi ng with childre n. 和孩子们一起玩真好。There is

3、 no jok ing about such matters.对这种事情不是开玩笑。动名词作主语的几种类型动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如：Swimmi ng is a good sport in summer.2. 用it作形式主语，把动名词（真实主语）置于句尾作后置主语。动名词做主语时，不太常用it作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如： It is no use telling him not to worry.常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better

4、，wonderful， enjoyable， interesting， foolish，difficult，useless, senseless, worthwhile，等。 注意：important， essential, necessary等形 容词不能用于上述结构。3. 用于 There be ”结构 中。例 如：There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。4.用于布告形式的省略结构中例如：No smoking （ =No smoking is allowed （here）.（禁止吸烟）No parking.（禁止停车）5.动名词的复合

5、结构作主语当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构（这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语）。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great en courageme nt to us.6 .例词Shopping fishingcycling这些都是很常见的动名词动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动 作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比 较： Smok ing is not good for health

6、. It is not good for you to smoke so much.注意：1）在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。2）在 "Its no use.，” “ Its no good.，” "Its fun ，” “ Its a waste of time.等句型中，通常用动名词作真实主语：It is no use/good/a waste of time talk ing about that. *It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.而不用不定式的复合结构作主*Does for

7、you to say that mea n anyt3）在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构， 语：Does your say ing that mean anything to him?hi ng to him?4）在“ There）e ”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：There is no telli ng what will happe n. It is impossible to tell what will happe n.5）当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一：Seeing is believi ng. *To see

8、 is to believe.、作宾语1 作动词的宾语某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见 的 此类 动 词 有enjoy,finish,practi ce, mindadmit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,can no t,help,imagi ne,i nclude,keep, un dersta nd,keep on, report,risk,miss,put off,delay,resist,suggest,de pend on ,th ink about,set a

9、bout,succeed in, worry about,burst out,i nsist on,can't help,feel like,be use d to,get used to,devote to, - -look forward to,pay attention to,get down to,escape 等。他们继续走，说个不停。在海滩上走真是乐事。可把这类动词分为三种类型：两种形式attempt - begin - cease continue -女口： They went on walking and never stopped talking.I found it

10、 pleasa nt walk ing along the seashore.有些动名词之后既可接动词不定式，又可接动名词,所表达的含义基本相同，可以互换。这类动词有：intend - omit- start, cannot bear, decline, disdain- loathe, neglect, commenee。 例如：They ceased talk in g/to talk.他们停止说话。Prices will co nti nue to rise/risi ng.物价将继续上扬。What do you intend to do/doi ng next?你下一步打算干什么？宾语

11、用不定式和动名词表达的含义略有变化。用不定式作宾语时，表示特定的一次性的未来动作；用动名词则表示一般的行为，或者是目前正在进行的行为。也可以说动名词表示泛指 的动作，而不定式表示特指的动作。常这样用的动词有hate, like - love - prefer - dread等。例如： Would you like to go with me ?你想跟我一起走吗？He preferred to do this rather than do that.他宁愿做这件事，而不愿做那件事。2 作介词的宾语动词+介词+动名词例如： The rain preve nted us from complet i

12、ng the work.下雨妨碍我们完成工作。She complai ns of the book be ing too difficult.她抱怨这本书太难。形容词+介词+动名词例如：I know who is respon sible for break ing the win dow.我知 道窗户 是谁打 开的。名词+介词+动名词例如：There are many ways of doi ng it. 有许多方法可以做这件事。We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.我 们正考虑为下学期制定 新的计划。Shall we

13、have a rest or get dow n to doi ng our work?我们休息呢还是开始干活？3 作形容词的宾语The music is well worth liste ning to more tha n once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。We are busy prepari ng for the coming sports meet.我们正为马上至U来的运动会忙着做准备。三、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Your task is clea ni

14、ng the wi ndows.你 的 任 务 就 是 擦 窗 户 。(Clea ning the win dows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是 被别人嘲笑。(Be ing laughed at is what I hate most.)四、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:a walk ing stick =a stick for walk in g=a stick which is used for walk inga wash ing mach in e=a mach ine fo

15、r wash in g=a machi ne which is used for wash inga readi ng room=a room for readi ng=a room which is used for readi nga measuri ng tape=a tape for measuri ng=a tape which is used for measuri ng sleep ing pills=pills for sleep in g=pills which is used for sleep ing五、结构和形式动名词的否定结构动名词的否定结构由 not动名词组成。如:

16、Trying without success is better tha n not trying at all. 好。He hated himself for not hav ing work hard.I 'nsorry for not having telephoned you before. He felt sorry for not hav ing done the work well.I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 词一般式的否定形式）There is no denying the fact that he

17、si dilige nt. 定）实验没有成功也比不实验他悔恨自己没有用功。很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。他为没有把工作做好感到难过。我看不去对你倒好了。(not goi ng是动名(no denying也是动名词一般式的否动名词复合结构带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句1逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格，作宾语时（

18、尤其在口语 中），也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如：Do you thi nk my goi ng there will be of any help?你看我去会有 什么帮助吗？（宾语）The student ' knowing English well helps him in learning French.这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。（主语）Do you mind my（me） smok ing你介意我抽烟吗？（宾语）They insist on Mary ' （Mary） going with them there.他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。（介词宾语）

19、2逻辑主语是无生命名词是，通常只用名词普通格。如：Do you hear the rain patteri ng on the roof?你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗？Is there any hope of our team winning the match我们对赢得比赛有希望吗？3. 逻 辑 主 语 是 指 示 代 词 或 不 定 代 词 this that,somebody,some one,n obody ,non e,a nybody,a nyone 时，只用普通格。如：She was woken up by somebody shout ing outside.她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了

20、。（1）动名词的一般式：doing动词表示的动作之后。如：形式（一般式，完成式和被动式）所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语We are very in terested in collecti ng stamps.我们对集邮很感兴趣。His comi ng will be of great help to us .他来对我们大有帮助。但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词after,。n,upon,或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的I shall n ever forget see ing the Great Wall

21、 for the first time.情景。On hearing that bad news,the mother couldn 'help crying.一听到这个糟糕的消息，母亲就禁不住哭了起来。Excuse me for comi ng late.我来晚了，请原谅。Thank you for givi ng us so much help.谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。（2）动名词的完成式：having done所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。He regrets not havi ng take n part in the work.他后悔没有参加这项工作。We we

22、re praised for havi ng fini shed the work ahead of time.我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。(3)动名词的被动式：bei ng done当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时，用被动语态。女口：I like being give n harder work.我喜欢接受难点的工作。She is proud of being admitted into the uni versity.她为被大学录取而感至 U自豪。The meeti ng was put off without his hav ing bee n con sulted.会议延期并

23、未和他商量。He doesn ' mind having been criticized.他不介意过去受到的批评。六、时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下:主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having doinghaving been done其否定形式是在doing前加上not1动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的 动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如：I hate talking with such people.我讨厌与这样的人说话。 Being careless is not a good habit.

24、粗心不是一个好习惯。2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如：I don ' remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。Thank you for havi ng tak ing so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。4、它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。如：I don 'like bei ng laughed at in public.在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。5、它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动

25、词之前。如：I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很 高兴你 能获得 这样的 奖 牌。6在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如：Excuse me for bei ng late.我来晚了请你原谅。I don ' remember ever meeting somewhere.我记不得原来在什么地方见过。Thank you for giving us so much help.谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。7. 在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被

26、动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘， 尤其是在口语中。如：I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo.我曾被带到过这个动物园，可我忘了。8. 动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义，being不可省略。如：She is afraid of being taken to the public.她怕被领到大众面前。七、常见题型1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2）在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词3）动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例：

27、 I would appreciateback this afternoon.A . you to call B . you call C . you calling D . you ' rcalling （ Key : C; 换成 your calling 也 对）4）有些词后只能接动名词ack no wledge;admit; advise;advocate;allow;appreciate; avoid; celebrate; con sider; con template; de fer; delay; deny; detest; disc ontinue; dislike;

28、dispute; enjoy; it en tails; escape; excuse; expla in; fan cy; feel like; finish; forgive; can ' help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; min d; miss; it n ecessitates; pard on; postp one; practice; preve nt; recall; report; rese nt; resist; risk; sugg est; un dersta nd.5 ）另

29、外还 有一些接 -ing 形 式的 常 用 说法it 'nogood; it 'no/little/hardly any/ use; it 'nQt/hardly/scarcely use; it 'wsrthwhile; spend mon ey/time; there 'n o; there 'nopo intin; there 'nothing worse tha n; what 'the use/po in t.6 ）有 些 词后面加 不 定式 和 动 名 词 均可remember,forget,try,stop,go o

30、n,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean 后面均可用不定式禾口-ing形式，但意义截然不容。例:remember to do/doing : I remembered to post the letters.（指未来/过去未来将要做的动作）I remembered posting/having posted the letters.（我记得做过这个动作）forget与 remember的用法类似。regret的用法：I regret to inform you that（我很遗憾地通知你 ）I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.（为了 二十年前的离开"而遗憾。） try to （努力）与 try + -ng （试验）： You really must try to overcome y