初三英语上册知识点_第1页
初三英语上册知识点_第2页
初三英语上册知识点_第3页
初三英语上册知识点_第4页
初三英语上册知识点_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩1页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

1、初三英语上册学问点(全语法复习动词不定式一. 定义:由 to+ 动词 原形构成;不定式是一种非限定性动词 ;而 非限定动词 是指那些在句中不能单独 充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词 ,现在分词和过去分词 ;“动词不定式 ”由动词 +不定式构成; 动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分 ;动词不定式的被动形 式除了一般形式外仍有其完成式和进行式;二. 动词不定式的构成:to+ 动词原形作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:1 把不定式置于句首; 如: to get there by bike will take us half an hour.2 用

2、 it 作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于以下句式中;如:it+be+ 名 词 +to do it'sour duty to take good care of the old. it takes sb+some time+to dohow long did it take you to finish the work. it+be+ 形容词 +for sb+to doit is difficult for us to finishwritingthecompositionin a quarterof anhour.it+be+ 形容词 +ofsb+todo itisstu

3、pidofyoutowritedowneverythingthattheteachersays. itseemsappears+ 形 容 词 +to do it seemed impossible to save money.在句型中,常用表示客观情形的形容词,如: difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等;在句型中,常用 careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示颂扬或批判的词;在不定式前的sb ,可看作其规律主语;这

4、一句式有时相当于sbis+ 形容词 +to do 句式,如: it's kind of you to help me with my english.=you are kind to helpme with my english.3 举例( 1 ) it's easy for me to do that.我做这事太简单 了easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too l

5、ittle, notenoughit'ssonicetohearyourvoice.听到你的声音真兴奋;it's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候,锁车是有 必要的;( 2) it's very kind of him to help us.他帮忙我们, 他真好;kind,nice, stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate考虑周到的 ,silly,selfish 自私的 例句 :

6、 it was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢,竟然信任了他; it seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了; 留意:( 1) 其他系动词如, look ,appear 等也可用于此句型 ( 2 ) 不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式; ( 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用 it is to 的句型 对to see is to believe. 眼见为实; 错it is to believe to see.三. 动词不定式作宾语后面能接不

7、定式作宾语的动词有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等;we hope to get there before dark.我们期望天黑以前到那儿;the man decided to do it herself.那个男人打算自己做那件事;动词不定式作宾语的留意事项(2 点)1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:remember to do记住要做某事 remember doing记得曾经做过某事 forget to do遗忘要做某事forget doing遗

8、忘曾经做过某事 stop to do停下来去做某事 stop doing停止做某事go on to do连续做另一件事go on doing连续做原先在做的事2. 不定式作宾语时, 如带有宾语补足语,就要把不定式放到后面,用 it 作形式宾语, 构成 “主语+ 动词 +it+ 宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式 ”结构;如: he found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发觉很难入睡;四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语1. 后面能接to 不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等;the tea

9、cher told us to do exercise 1.老师要我们做练习一;i want both of you to go.我要你们俩去;we helped her to repair her bike.我们帮忙她修理自行车;2. 使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to 的不定式作宾补;let s have a rest.我们休息一会吧;i saw him come in.我观察他进来了;感官动词后既可跟不带to 的不定式作宾补,也可跟 v-ing 作宾补, 前者表示动作的全部过程已终止;后者表示动作正在

10、进行;i saw him come downstairs.我观察他下了楼; (说明他下楼了这件事)i saw him coming downstairs.我观察他在下楼; (说明他下楼时的情形)五. 动词不定式作状语later he left home to work in different cities.不久他离开家到不同的城市工作;he went to see a football match.他去看足球竞赛了;in order to catch the other students, i must work hard.为了赶上其他同学,我必需努力学习;六. 动词不定式作定语不定式作定语

11、一般放在所修饰的词的后面;i need something to eat.do you have something to read.tom was so excited that he had no word to say. he is really a fool only to eat.the man to stand here just now is our english teacher. the doctor had no way to save the patient.留意:(1 )作定语的不定式是由及物动词组成,被修饰的名词或代词与不定式之间存在方位或方式关系需要有介词;i am

12、 looking for a room to live in.我正在找一间住房; (方位关系)we have many things to do experiments with.我们有很多做试验的东西(方式关系)(2 )作定语的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”构成的动词短语;here there isnt any book for me to be interested in.we have done many things to proud of.我们做了很多引以骄傲的事;七. 动词不定式作主语to give is better than to receive.to reach

13、 there on foot is impossible.动词不定式作主语时,可以用it代替,把实际主语不定式放在后面;its better to give than to receive.its impossible to reach there on foot. its + adj + for sb. to do sth.its not difficult for me to study english well. its easy for him to work out this math problem.在这个句型中, 假如形容词与不定式的规律主语关系亲密, 并且形容词用来说明规律主语

14、的性质、 品质、 特点等, 由 of 引出规律主语; 这类形容词主要有 nice, kind, good, wrong, right 等;八. 动词不定式和疑问词连用动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when连用,构成不定式短语,可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等;how to do is still a question.haveyoudecidedwhentoleave.九. 动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定式是在 to 前加 not ;不带 to 的不定式就在动词前加 not. 如: zhang ming asked me not to sta

15、y at home all day.张明要我不要成天呆在家里; my mother let me not do it by myself.妈妈让我不要独自做这件事;被动语态英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态主动语态( the active voice)表示主语是动作的执行者; 被动语态( the passive voice)表示主语是动作的承担者;构成:承担者 +助动词 be+ 及物动词的过去分词+by+ 执行者一般现在时:承担者+助动词 am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+ 执行者一般过去时:承担者+助动词 was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+ 执行者承担者 +

16、助动词 shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+ 执行者承担者 +助动词have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+ 执行者 承担者 + can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+ 执行者被动语态用法:1)当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁,或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,需用被动语态;2)当我们需要强调动作的承担者时,常用被动语态;3)假如需要说出动作的执行者, 用 by 引导出动作的执行者;主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一样,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一样;主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情形:1)主语谓

17、语动词宾语将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;(主动) we bought a book yesterday.(被动) the book was bought yesterday. 2)主语谓语动词间接宾语直接宾语将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语;多数情形下将间接宾语变为主语;假如直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前要加介词to / for ;(主动) he showed me a book yesterday.(被动) i was showed a book yesterday.(被动) the book was showed to me yesterday. 3)主语谓语动词复合宾语含有一

18、个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语,变为被动语态时, 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语保留不变,成为主语补足语;(主动) i found him a good pupil.(宾语补足语)(被动) he was found a good pupil.(主语补足语)4)短语动词变为被动语态有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词,其后可以接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态,但短语动词是不行分割的整体,变为被动语态时不行去掉其后面的介词或副词;(主动) we should look after the patients very well.(被动) the patients should be looked after very well by us. 5)宾语从句变为被动语态如主动语态中是宾语从句,变为被动语态经常用it 作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在后面;its said that he passed the exam.被动语态应留意的几个特别问题:(1 )不及物动词带介词和介词宾语,在变为被动语态时,仍旧要带上介词;(主动) the students in class listen to the teacher carefully.(被动) the teacher is listened to carefull

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论