外研版选修八Module5TheConquestoftheUniverseSectionⅡ

1、高中英语讲义Section Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary Language Pointsaccustomed adj. 习惯的；通常的 ，惯常的只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义（作定语 ）（ 教材 P58） Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.自从尼尔 阿姆斯特朗在 1969年 7月 21日首次踏上月球以来 ，人

2、们对太空旅行这一概念已 经非常熟悉。（1）be accustomed to （doing） sth. be used to （doing） sth. 习惯于 （做 ）某事 （ 强调状态 ）get/become accustomed to （doing） sth. get/become used to （doing） sth. 习惯于 （做 ）某事 （ 强调动作 ）（2）accustom vt. 使 习惯于 accustom oneself to （doing） sth.使自己习惯于 （做 ）某事 He took his accustomed seat by the fire. 他在炉火边惯常坐

3、的座位上坐了下来。 Somehow ， I couldn t get accustomed to the cold weather here. 不知怎么回事，我就是不能适应这里的寒冷天气。即学即练 单句语法填空 （ 牛津词典 ）She was a person accustomed （accustom） to eight hours sleep at night. （江苏卷 ） They are quiet, aren t they? Yes. They are accustomed to not talking （talk） at meals.链接写作 完成句子 /句式升级 我习惯于生活在乡

4、村，总是觉得生活在城里很困难。 （ 普通表达 ）I am accustomed to living/accustom myself to living in the countryside, and I always find it hard to live in the city. （ 高级表达 ）Accustomed to living in the countryside, I always find it hard to live in the city （过去分词短语作状语 ） （ 高级表达 ）Accustoming myself to living in the countrysi

5、de, I always find it hard to live in the city （现在分词短语作状语 ）只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义assume v （想当然地 ）认为 ，假定；担任 ， 承担 （责任 ）（教材 P58）The world was in shock maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.世界震惊了 也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。(1)assume that.假定，认为assume.to

6、be.认为 是 ；假定 是It is (generally) assumed that.人们 （普遍 ）认为(2)assuming that假定 （作状语 ）假定；假设(3)assumption n. (2016 江苏卷 )In art criticism ， you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden withinthe work.在艺术评论中，你必须设想艺术家在艺术作品里隐藏着秘密信息。 I made a mistake so I will assume responsibility for it.我犯了错，因此我会为此承担

7、责任。即学即练 单句语法填空 ( 江苏卷 )Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed (assume) that the latteris due to the former. (2018 江 苏 卷 )Try to understand whatsa ctually happening instead of acting on theassumption (assume) you ve made.链接写作 词汇升级 ( 普通表达 )If there wasnt the hard work of the dustman,

8、what can you imagine ourenvironment will be like?( 高级表达 )Assuming (that) there wasn t the h waordrk of the dustman, what can you imagine ourenvironment will be like?只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义patience n耐心( 教材 P59)We didn htave much patience waiting for the launch. 我们迫不及待地等着它起飞。(1)have (no) patience with对 （没

9、）有耐心have the patience to do sth.有耐心做某事with patience有耐心地(2)patient adj.忍耐的；有耐性的n.病人be patient with sb.对某人有耐心耐心地(3)patiently adv. Patience and devotion are essential to scientific research.科研工作要有耐心和奉献精神。 (牛津词典 )She has no patience with people who are always grumbling.她对那些总发牢骚的人没有耐心。即学即练 单句语法填空 ( 辽宁卷 )

10、She was usually patient with her students and never made them disappointed.a (江西卷 )Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patience (patient) b (2017 天津卷 )The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients (patient) to be treated.c ( 广东卷 )She patient

11、ly (patient) explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义in spite of 尽管；不管( 教材 P59)In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.即使我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术 ， 我们这个世界依然只是处于太空旅行的起步阶段。 (1)in spite

12、of despite尽管；不管 (强调客观情况 )in spite of/despite the fact that.尽管事实是 (2)regardless of不管；不顾 ( 强调主观态度 ) In spite of his old age, he still leads an active life. 尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。 In spite of all his efforts ， he failed. He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying. 尽管他很努力却还是失败了，他伤心地想哭。链接写作 一句多

13、译 尽管交通拥挤，他还是设法准时到达了。 In spite of/Despite the heavy traffic, he managed to come on time (in spite of/despite) Although/Though the traffic was heavy, he managed to come on time (although/though) Heavy as/though the traffic was, he managed to come on time ( 倒装句 )只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义in spite of 是介词短语 ，相当于

14、 despite, 后跟名词、 代词或动名词作让步状语； 而 though, although 和 as 是从属连词 ，后跟让步状语从句。burst v（ 使）爆裂 ，胀开；突然出现 n突发；爆裂（ 教材 P59）to burst with a lot of force and loud noise 伴随着强大的力量和巨大的声响突然爆炸了(1)burst in/into突然闯入burst into sth. burst out doing sth.突然开始做某事burst with joy/happiness/anger非常高兴 /勃然大怒(2)a burst of laughter/ange

15、r The driver lost control of the car when a tyre一阵大笑 /勃然大怒 burst .一个轮胎爆了，司机对车失去了控制。 His appearance on the platform was greeted with a burst of applause.只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义他一登台就博得了一阵热烈的掌声。即学即练 单句语法填空 a.They all burst into laughter (laugh)at the funny expression on his face. b They all burst out laughi

16、ng (laugh) at the funny expression on his face. Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in 链接写作 完成句子 我经过时，房间里传来一阵笑声。There was a burst of laughter in the room when I passed by.no比较级 than 和 一样不 (教材 P58)The world was in shock maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerou

17、s than getting on an aeroplane.世界震惊了 也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。句中 no more dangerous than 意为 定结构 ，表示 “和 一样不 ”。 (1)not 比较级 than.(2)no more than ( only) not more than ( at most) (3)more than less than This book is no more interesting than 这本书和那本书一样令人不感兴趣。和 一样没危险 ”。“ no比较级 than.”为固 不如，没有到 的程度不过 ，仅仅不超过

18、 ， 至多多于 ，超过；不仅仅；非常不足，少于that one. My older sister speaks English no better than I (do) 我姐姐的英语说得跟我一样不好。只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义链接写作 完成句子 他的书写同我的一样不好，因此我们不得不找老师帮忙。His handwriting is no better than mine, so we have to ask our teacher for help. 玛丽不如她的姐姐漂亮。但是，她是她们中最勤奋的。Mary is not more beautiful than her sister

19、. However, Mary is the most diligent of them. 仅有十张票剩下。There are no more than ten tickets left. 做这个试验的人不到五个。The experiment was done by not more than five persons. 要建设我们的国家，我们不仅仅需要物质财富。 We need more than material wealth to build our country. 品句填词1It was the most terrifying accide nt I d ewveitrn essed

20、 （目睹）, which made me have bad dreams只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义for several days.2 We must bring in the advanced （ 先进的 ） technology in a short time.3 Assuming （假定 ） that you get a place at university, how are you going to finance your studies? 4She explained the question to the boy five times with great patie

21、nce （ 耐心 ） 5 Surprisingly, he had leapt （跳跃 ） from a window in the high building and escaped.6 We believe the students will soon get accustomed （ 习惯的 ） to the climate.7 We are watching with you this great historic （ 历史性的 ） event and share with you the joy and happiness.8 They managed to complete the

22、 task ahead of time with their joint （ 共同的 ） efforts.9 Every one here likes to tune （ 收看） in to Channel 2 to hear the news.10 Hundreds of people were flooded out when the river burst （ 爆裂 ） its banks. 单句改错1 （2019 北京西城区高二期中 ）With the level of haze rising greatly, many people work to raise public awar

23、eness to environmental protection. 第二个 to 改为 of 2 In spite for great efforts, we failed to carry out our plan through. for of 3. Weather permits, well go to visit our teacher this afternoon. permits permitting 4 Who was the first man to set feet on the moon? feet foot 5In the very beginning of this

24、collecting activity, it was not so warm - welcomed. In At 课文语法填空Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot 1.on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become 2.accustomed （accustom） to the idea of space travel. All three astronauts made it safely back to Earth ， 3.using （use） a spaceship comput

25、er 4.that/which was much less powerful than the ones used by the average school students today. By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed 5.to have lost （lose） its fear and wonder at the amazing 6.achievement （achieve） of people going up into space. But this was going to be a spe

26、cial flight and somillions of peopletuned in to witness the take- off on TV. 7.Sadly （sad） the Challenger had exploded in mid -air. It 8.happened （happen） so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock. In spite of all our 9.advanced （advance） technology, the world is still only at 10.the very begi

27、nning of its voyage into space.只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义 单句语法填空1 The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions (assume), so it cant be put into practice. 2 (2019 湖南长郡中学高二月考 )As he walked into the classroom with that funny- looking hat ， everyone burst out laughing (laugh) 3 He is a foreigner and he

28、is not accustomed to being treated (treat) like that.4 What about the two cars? This one is no more expensive (expensive) than that one. But the blue one uses less oil. 5 (山东卷 ) In spite of many invitations ， he would always decline to visit Oxford. 6 I seem to have seen (see) you before, but I cant

29、 remember where I saw you.7 It is difficult to be patient (patience) when you are stuck in a traffic jam.8My hometown isn t what it used to be. The last decade has witnessed (witness) great changes in the city images.9 (江苏卷 )Much time spent (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally tro

30、ubled by health problems.10 The teacher knows that you are always the first to come (come) to the classroom since last September. 阅读理解ASatellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which t

31、ake photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.10Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义TV programs come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also so

32、metimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35 ， 880 kilometers above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is beca

33、use it is moving around the world at 11, 000 kilometers an hour exactly the same speed that the Earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae （ 天线 ） facing the Earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite ba

34、ck in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10 12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes

35、brought back to Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.【 解题导语 】 卫星不仅在科学探索方面起着重要作用 ，而且在我们的生活中也起着非 常重要的作用。1 Which of the foll

36、owing is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?A Sending information for weather forecasts.B Taking photographs of the Earth.C Sending TV pictures.D Providing food for airplane pilots.D 解析：细节理解题。根据前三段的内容可知， D 项不是卫星做的事情。2 How fast does the earth rotate? A35， 880 kilometers per hour. B 335，8

37、80 kilometers per hour. C 11， 000 kilometers per hour. D 110， 000 kilometers per hour. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第四句话可知。 3 What is the function of little rockets on a satellite? A To send a satellite.B To make a satellite in place.C To send more pictures.D To connect our international phone calls.11B 解析：细节理解

38、题。根据第三段的 “so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position ”可知 ，卫星内安装的小火箭把卫星拉回到正确的位置 ，故选只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义B。4 Which of the following is TRUE of satellites?A A satellite can be used to send television pictures internationally.B Every time a satellite ge

39、ts broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.C A broken satellite is never left in space.D They often crash into each other.A 解析：细节理解题。 根据第三段的 “We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. ”可知 A 项正确。Pollution sersio us effects on the environment h

40、ave become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.As we know ， the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need

41、.The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity （ 生物多样性 ），improved air and water quality ， less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use

42、 less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality ， improving the health of people who live there.The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resourc

43、es and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition ， recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings ，reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.Careful site selection is important to minimize （ 使减少到最低限度 ） human

44、effects on the surrounding environment. For example， placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes （ 微风 ） and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well， so it is important to build the small ones.Gr

45、een roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants ， which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low ， prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.Other features of green buildings often include energy

46、and water protection ， recycling and12waste reduction. In addition ，renewable energy sources such as solar power，waterpower and wind power are used for heat and electricity ，which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义【 解题导语 】 本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。5 What

47、 can we know about green buildings?A Producing no waste.B Only using clean energy.C Being made of new materials.D Being environment friendly.D 解析：推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知 ，绿色建筑整体 上是环保的 ，故选 D 。6 What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?A Large.B Small.C Green.D Low.

48、B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句 “ More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well ，so it is important to build the small ones. ” 可推知 ，绿色建筑应该倾向于小 型建筑 ， 而非高楼大厦 ， 故选 B 。7 What is the purpose of using green roofs?A To fit the environment.B To keep warm.C To collect nature water.D To reduce costs.D

49、 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green housesthat reduce energy use and costs.”可知 ， 绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本 ，故选 D 。 8 What is the text mainly about?A Promoting energy efficiency.B Environmental benefits.C Green buildings.D Ecosystems and biodiversity.C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的关键词 “green building

50、s ”和对全文的整体理解可推知 ，本 文主要讲的是绿色建筑 ， 故选 C。 七选五What to Do When Someone Doesn t Like YouWhen someone tells me “ I dont care if people like me”， they are showing me the emotional wall they use to block the hurt of rejection.13As humans are social animals ， all of us care if people like us. Based on the need

51、 for social connection ，your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from minor hurt to只要坚持 梦想早晚会实现高中英语讲义outbreaks of depression. 1.The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction. Ask yourself ， “ What am I feeling ？” 2. Any betrayal （背叛 ） or embarrassment

52、 in your heart?Identify what feeling has shown up in your body ， so you can choose what to do next.3 When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive ，ask yourself whatthe person actually meant to do to you. Did they truly mean to offend you ， or make fun of you? Your brain works very hard to keep you safe ， so it will judge a situation as thr