《基于Quartus II的FPGACPLD数字系统设计与应用》范例的源程序

1、.2-28module adder_4(cout,sum,ina,inb,cin,clk);output3:0 sum;output cout;input3:0 i na,inb; /tempa，tempb中间变量声明input cin,clk;reg3:0 tempa,tempb,sum; reg cout;reg tempc; /tempc中间变量声明always (posedge clk) /always clk上升沿触发begin /阻塞语句tempa=ina;tempb=inb;tempc=cin;endalways (posedge clk) /always clk上升沿触发beg

2、incout,sum=tempa+tempb+tempc;endendmodule2-40 timescale 1ns/10ps module adder4_testbench; reg 3:0 ina,inb;reg cin; reg clk=0;wire 3:0 sum;wire cout;always #10 clk=clk;initial begin ina=0; repeat(20) #20 ina =$random; /随机数ina产生 endinitial begin inb=0; repeat(10) #40 inb =$random; /随机数inb产生 endinitial

3、 begin cin=0; repeat(2) #200 cin =$random%16;/ 随机数inc产生#200 $stop； endadder4 adder4_te( .clk (clk ), .sum ( sum ), .cout ( cout), .ina ( ina ), .inb ( inb ), .cin ( cin ) ); initial endmodule2-73library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity seg_7 isport (seg: in std

4、_logic_vector(3 downto 0 ); /-四位二进制码输入 q3: out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) );/-输出led七段码end seg_7;architecture art of seg_7 isbeginprocess(seg) begincase seg iswhen 0000 = q3 q3 q3 q3 q3 q3 q3 q3 q3 q3 q3=1111111;end case;end process; end art;3-1timescale 1ns/1nsmodule decoder2x4(a,b,en,z) ;input a,

5、b,en;output 0:3 z;wire abar, bbar;assign #1 abar=a; / 语句1assign #1 bbar=b; / 语句2assign #2 z0=(abar &bbar&en ) ; / 语句3assign #2 z1=(abar & b&en) ; / 语句4assign #2 z2=(a&bbar&en) ; / 语句5assign #2 z3=(a&b&en) ; / 语句6endmodule3-3module faseq(a, b, cin, sum, cout) ;input a, b, cin ;output sum, cout;reg su

6、m, cout;reg t1, t2, t3;always(a or b or cin) begin sum=(ab)cin;t1=a&cin;t2=b&cin;t3=a&b;cout = (t1|t2)|t3;endendmodule3-4timescale 1ns/1nsmodule test(pop,pid);output pop,pid;reg pop,pid;initialbeginpop = 0; / 语句1pid = 0; / 语句2pop = #5 1; / 语句3pid = #3 1; / 语句4pop = #6 0; / 语句5pid = #2 0; / 语句6endend

7、module3-5module fourbitfa (fa,fb,fcin,fsum,fcout);parameter size = 4;input size:1 fa, fb;output size:1 fs uminput fcin;input fcout;wire 1: size-1 ftemp;fastrfa1( .a(fa1), .b(fb1), .cin(fcin) , .sum(fsum1), .cout(ftemp1 ) ),fa2( .a(fa2), .b(fb2), .cin(ftemp1),.sum(fsum2),.cout(ftemp2) ,fa3( .a(fa3),

8、.b(fb3), .cin(ftemp2) , .sum(fsum3), .cout(ftemp3 ) ),fa4( .a(fa4), .b(fb4), .cin(ftemp3),.sum(fsum4),.cout(fcout) ;endmodule3.1 beginart = 0; art = 1;end3.2initialbegincbn = 0;cbn=1;end3.3reg 0:2 q state;initialbeginq state = 3b011;q state end_wave; /触发事件end_wave join例3.6 case ( select1:2 )result =

9、 0;2 b01: result = flaga; 2 b0x: result = flagb;2 b0z: result = flaga? bx : 0; 2 b10: result = flagb;2 bx0, result = flagb;2 bz0: result = flagb? bx : 0; default: result = bx; endcase例3.7 case(sig) :1 bz: $display(signal is floating);1 bx: $display(signal is unknown); default:$display(signal is %b,

10、sig); endcase例3.8reg7:0 ir; casez(ir) 8 b1?: instruction1(ir); 8 b01?: instruction2(ir);8 b00010?: instruction3(ir);8 b000001?: instruction4(ir); endcase 例3.9reg7:0 r, mask; mask = 8bx0x0x0x0;casex(rmask)8 b001100xx: stat1; 8 b1100xx00: stat2; 8 b00xx0011: stat3; 8 bxx001100: stat4; ;endcase 例3.10be

11、gin: init_memreg7:0 tempi;for(tempi=0;tempimemsize;tempi=tempi+1)memorytempi=0;end例3.11parameter size = 8, longsize = 16;regsize:1 opa, opb;reglongsize:1 result;begin:multinteger bindex;result=0;for( bindex=1; bindex=size; bindex=bindex+1 )if(opbbindex)result = result + (opa(bindex-1);end例3.12 initi

12、al begin areg=0; /初始化寄存器areg for(index=0;indexsize;index=index+1) memoryindex=0; /初始化一个memory end例3.13always areg = areg;例3.14always # half_period areg = areg;4-2（1）代码一：module and_2(y,a,b);output y;input a,b;and(y,a,b);endmodule（2）代码二：module and_2(y,a,b);output y;input a,b;reg y;always(a,b) begin ca

13、se(a,b) 2b00:y=0; 2b01:y=0; 2b10:y=0; 2b11:y=1; default:y=bx; endcase endendmodule4-6(1) 代码一：module or_2(y,a,b);output y;input a,b;or(y,a,b);endmodule(2) 代码二：module or_2(y,a,b);output y;input a,b;reg y;always(a,b) begin case(a,b) 2b00:y=0; 2b01:y=1; 2b10:y=1; 2b11:y=1; default:y=bx; endcase endendmo

14、dule4-10(1) 代码一：module notput(y,a);output y;input a;not(y,a);endmodule(2) 代码二：module notput(y,a);output y;input a;reg y;always(a) begin case(a) 1b0:y=1; 1b1:y=0; default:y=bx; endcase endendmodule4-14（1）代码一：module nand_2(y,a,b);output y;input a,b;nand(y,a,b);endmodule（2）代码二：module nand_2(y,a,b);outp

15、ut y;input a,b;reg y;always(a,b) begin case(a,b) 2b00:y=1; 2b01:y=1; 2b10:y=1; 2b11:y=0; default:y=bx; endcase endendmodule4-18(1) 代码一：module nor_2(y,a,b);output y;input a,b;nor(y,a,b);endmodule(2) 代码二：module nor_2(y,a,b);output y;input a,b;reg y;always(a,b) begin case(a,b) 2b00:y=1; 2b01:y=0; 2b10:

16、y=0; 2b11:y=0; default:y=bx; endcase endendmodule4-22module nora(y,a,b,c,d);output y;input a,b,c,d;assign y=(a&b|c&d);endmodule4-26(1) 代码一：module xor_2(y,a,b);output y;input a,b;xor(y,a,b);endmodule(2) 代码二：module xor_2(y,a,b);output y;input a,b;reg y;always(a,b) begin case(a,b) 2b00:y=0; 2b01:y=1; 2

17、b10:y=1; 2b11:y=0; default:y=bx; endcase endendmodule4-30(1) 代码一：module xnor_2(y,a,b);output y;input a,b;xnor(y,a,b);endmodule(2) 代码二：module xnor_2(y,a,b);output y;input a,b;reg y;always(a,b) begin case(a,b) 2b00:y=1; 2b01:y=0; 2b10:y=0; 2b11:y=1; default:y=bx; endcase endendmodule4-33(1)代码一：module

18、tri_gate(dout,din,en);output dout; /信号输入端input din,en; /信号输入端，使能端assign dout=en?din:dz;endmodule(2)代码二：module tri_gate(dout,din,en);output dout;input din,en;reg dout;always if(en) dout=din; else dout=bz;endmodule4-36module tri_buffer(dout,din,en);output7:0 dout; /数据输入端input7:0 din; /数据输出端input en; r

19、eg7:0 dout;always if(en) dout=din; else dout=8b z;endmodule4-39module tri_bibuffer(en,dr,a,b);inout7:0 a,b; /双向数据端口input en,dr; /使能端，数据方向控制端wire 7:0 a,b; /inout类型双向端口必须定义为wire类型的变量reg7:0 a_reg,b_reg;/在always、initial语句中的赋值语句被赋值变量必须是寄存器变量，在此定义a_reg,b_reg为双向端口a,b的缓存器always(*)begin if(dr) begin if(en) b

20、egin b_reg=a; end else begin b_reg=bz; end end else begin if(en) begin a_reg=b; end else begin a_reg=bz; end endendassign a=a_reg;assign b=b_reg;endmodule测试程序如下。timescale 1ns/1nsmodule tri_bibuffer_testbench;wire 7:0 a,b;reg en;reg dr;tri_bibuffer tri_bibuffer(en,dr,a,b);initial begin #10 dr=1;en=1;

21、 force a=b11110000;/ 强制a作为输入端口 #30 en=0; #30 release a; / 释放输入端口a #10 dr=0;en=1; force b=b00001111;/ 强制b作为输入端口 #30 en=0; #30 release b; / 释放输入端口b end endmodule5-1module encoded8_3(x,y);input7:0 x; / 信号输入端output2:0 y; / 信号输出端reg 2:0 y;always (x)begincase (x7:0)8b00000001:y2:0=3b000;8b00000010:y2:0=3b

22、001;8b00000100:y2:0=3b010;8b00001000:y2:0=3b011;8b00010000:y2:0=3b100;8b00100000:y2:0=3b101;8b01000000:y2:0=3b110;8b10000000:y2:0=3b111;endcaseendendmodule5-6module youxianencoder(y,eo,gs,i,ei);input7:0 i; /信号输入端input ei; /输入使能端output 2:0 y;output eo, gs;reg2:0 y;reg eo, gs;always(i,ei)begin if(ei=1

23、) begin y2:0=3b111; gs=1; eo=1;end else begin if(i7=0)beginy2:0=3b000; gs=0; eo=1;endelse if(i6=0)beginy2:0=3b001; gs=0; eo=1;endelse if(i5=0)beginy2:0=3b010; gs=0; eo=1;endelse if(i4=0)beginy2:0=3b011; gs=0; eo=1;endelse if(i3=0)beginy2:0=3b100; gs=0; eo=1;endelse if(i2=0)beginy2:0=3b101; gs=0; eo=

24、1;endelse if(i1=0)beginy2:0=3b110; gs=0; eo=1;endelse if(i0=0)beginy2:0=3b111; gs=0; eo=1;endelse if(i7:0=b11111111)beginy2:0=3b111; gs=1; eo=0;endendendendmodule5-11module decoder3_8(y,i,g1,g2,g3);output7:0 y;input2:0 i;input g1, g2, g3;reg7:0 y;always(i or g1 or g2 or g3)begin if(g1=0) y=8b1111111

25、1; else if(g2=1) y=8b11111111; else if(g3=1) y=8b11111111;else begin y=8b00000001b)beginy1=1;y2=0;y3=0;endelse if(a=b)beginy1=0;y2=1;y3=0;endelse if(ab)beginy1=0;y2=0;y3=1;endendendmodule5-32代码一：采用行为描述的1位半加器。module adder(sum,cout,a,b);output sum, cout;input a,b;reg sum, cout;always(a or b)beginsum=a

26、b;cout=a&b;endendmodule代码二：采用行为描述的1位半加器。module adder(sum, cout,a,b);output sum,cout;input a,b;reg sum,cout;always(a or b)begincout,sum=a+b;endendmodule代码三：采用门元件实现的1位半加器。module adder(sum, cout,a,b);output sum,cout;input a,b;and(cout,a,b);xor(sum,a,b);endmodule代码四：数据流方式描述的1位半加器。module adder(sum, cout,

27、a,b);output sum, cout;input a,b;assign sum=ab;assign cout=a&b;endmodule 代码五：采用行为描述的1位半加器。module adder(sum,cout,a,b);output sum,cout;input a,b;reg sum,cout;always(a or b)begincase(a,b)/真值表描述2b00:begin sum=0;cout=0;end2b01:begin sum=1;cout=0;end2b10:begin sum=1;cout=0;end2b11:begin sum=0;cout=1;endend

28、caseendendmodule5-35代码一：行为描述的1位全加器。module full_adder(sum,cout,a,b,dcout);output sum,cout;/和数、进位input a,b,dcout;/被加数、加数、低位进位reg sum,cout;always (a,b,dcout)begincout,sum=a+b+dcout;endendmodule代码二：行为描述的1位全加器。module full_adder(sum,cout,a,b,dcout);output sum,cout;/和数、进位input a,b,dcout;/被加数、加数、低位进位reg sum

29、,cout;always (a,b,dcout)beginsum=(ab)dcout;cout=(a&b)|(a&dcout)|(b&dcout);endendmodule代码三：调用门元件实现的1位全加器。module full_adder(sum,cout,a,b,dcout);output sum,cout;/和数、进位input a,b,dcout;/被加数、加数、低位进位wire s1,m1,m2,m3;and(m1,a,b), (m2,b,dcout), (m3,a,dcout);xor(s1,a,b),(s, s1,dcout);or(cout,m1,m2,m3);endmodu

30、le代码四：数据流描述的1位全加器。module full_adder(sum,cout,a,b,dcout);output sum,cout;/和数、进位input a,b,dcout;/被加数、加数、低位进位assign sum=abdcout;assign cout=(a&b)|(b&dcout)|(dcout&a);endmodule代码五：数据流描述的1位全加器。module full_adder(sum,cout,a,b,dcout);output sum,cout;/和数、进位input a,b,dcout;/被加数、加数、低位进位assign cout,sum=a+b+dcou

31、t;endmodule代码六：混合描述的1为全加器。module full_adder(sum,cout,a,b,dcout);output sum,cout;/和数、进位input a,b,dcout;/被加数、加数、低位进位reg cout,m1,m2,m3;wire s1;xor x1(s1,a,b);/调用门元件always (a or b or dcout)beginm1=a&b;m2=dcout&b;m3=a&dcout;cout=(m1|m2)|m3;endassign sum=s1dcout;endmodule5-38module full_adder4(sum,cout,a,

32、b,dcout);output3:0 sum;/和数output cout;/进位标志input 3:0 a,b;/加数和被加数input dcout;/低位进位reg cout;reg3:0 sum;always (*)begincout,sum=a+b+dcout;endendmodule5-41module full_adder16(cout,sum,a,b,cin);output cout;parameter my_size=16;outputmy_size-1:0 sum;inputmy_size-1:0 a, b;input cin;adder my_adder(cout,sum,

33、a,b,cin);/调用adder模块endmodule/下面为adder模块的代码module adder(cout,sum,a,b,cin);parameter size=16;output cout;outputsize-1:0 sum;inputsize-1:0 a, b;input cin;assigncout,sum=a+b+cin;endmodule5-44代码一： module half_sub(dout,cout,a,b);output dout,cout;/差位、借位input a,b;/被减数、减数reg dout,cout;always (*)begindout=ab;

34、cout=(a)&b;endendmodule代码二： module half_sub(dout,cout,a,b);output dout,cout;/差位、借位input a,b;/被减数、减数reg dout,cout;always (*)begincout,dout=a-b;endendmodule5-47module sub(dout,cout,a,b,ci);output dout,cout;/差位、借位input a,b,ci;/被减数、减数、低位借位reg dout,cout;always (*)begincout,dout=a-b-ci;endendmodule5-50mod

35、ule sub4(dout,cout,a,b,ci);output 3:0 dout;/差值output cout;/借位input3:0 a,b;/被减数、减数input ci;reg 3:0 dout;reg cout;always (*)begincout,dout=a-b-ci;endendmodule5-53方法一：用for语句实现2个8位数相乘。 module mult_for(outcome,a,b);parameter size=8;input size:1 a,b;/两个操作数output 2*size:1 outcome;/结果reg 2*size:1 outcome;in

36、teger i;always(a or b)beginoutcome=0;for(i=1;i=size;i=i+1)/for语句if(bi) outcome=outcome+(a(i-1);endendmodule方法二：用repeat实现8位二进制数的乘法。 module mult_for(outcome,a,b);parameter size=8;input size:1 a,b;/两个操作数output 2*size:1 outcome;/结果reg 2*size:1 temp_a, outcome;regsize:1 temp_b;always(a or b)beginoutcome=

37、0;temp_a=a;temp_b=b;repeat(size)/repeat语句，size为循环次数beginif(temp_b1)/如果temp_b的最低位为1，就执行下面的加法 outcome=outcome+ temp_a; temp_a= temp_a1;/ 操作数b右移一位endendendmodule5-56module voter7(pass,vote);output pass;input6:0 vote;reg2:0 sum;integer i;reg pass;always(vote)beginsum=0;for (i=0;i=6;i=i+1)if(votei)sum=sum+1;if(sum2) pass=1;/若超过三人赞成，则pass输出为1else pass=0;endendmodule6-2 module rs(q,qn,s,r); output q,qn; input s,r; reg q,qn; reg q1,qn1; always (*) begin q1=(s&qn1); qn1=(r&q1); q=q1; qn=qn1; end endmodule6-5