英语被动语态复习课件.ppt

被动语态,学习目标,1.掌握被动语态的用法2.掌握如何将主动语态变成被动语态,英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态,A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。被动语态的谓语构成:助动词be动词过去分词,什么时候要用被动语态呢？,在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态,各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表,am/is/are+过去分词,was/were+过去分词,will/begoingto+be+过去分词,would+be+过去分词,am/is/are+being+过去分词,was/were+being+过去分词,have/has+been+过去分词,had+been+过去分词,情态动词+be+过去分词,主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：,Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.,Ourclassroom,iscleaned,主语,谓语,宾语,byus,everyday,结构：主动语态：主语谓语宾语,被动语态：,主语,be+过去分词,by+宾语,即:主变宾、宾变主,by短语后面跟，谓语动词变被动。,注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。,归纳总结方法,把主动语态改为被动语态可按“来进行。即：变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishbymanypeople.Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoesbyhimyesterday.,isspoken,werewashed,一变,二套,三注意,把下列主动句改为被动句,Lilywritesmanyletterseveryday.(主动)Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear.（主动）Wehavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.（主动）,Manyletters,arewritten,byLily,everyday.,Thisfarm,wasvisited,bythem,lastyear.,3000Englishwords,havebeenlearned,byus,sofar.,一、含有双宾语的句子怎样变被动语态？(S+V+IO+DO),双宾语主动变被动时,任何一个宾语都可作主语。但物做主语时，“人”前加to或for.,Tomsfatherboughthimabook.He_abook(byhisfather)Abook_him(byhisfather)Heshowedusapicture.We_apicture.Apicture_us.,wasbought,wasboughtfor,常和to连用的动词有give,pass,show,send等常和for连用的动词有buy,draw,make,cook等,wereshown,wasshownto,1.Jimgaveherabook.2.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.,ShewasgivenabookbyJim.,AbookwasgiventoherbyJim.,Iwasboughtanewbikebymyfather.,Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.,二、动词不定式做宾语补足语的句子怎样变被动？,例如：asksb.todo-_tellsb.todo-_,makesb.do-_seesb.do-_,sb.beaskedtodo,sb.betoldtodo,sb.bemadetodo,sb.beseentodo,注意事项：,一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词(see,hear,watch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如：,1.Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.2.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.3.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.4.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.注意当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动),用所给动词的适当形式填空,1.Thebaby_（make）_(cry)byhissister.2.Jim_often_(hear)_(sing)intheroom.3.Jack_(ask)_(answer)thequestioninFrench.4.TheBrowns_(see)_(leave)thehotelalready.,wasmade,tocry,is,heard,tosing,wasasked,toanswer,havebeenseen,toleave,Childrenshould_.A.takegoodcareofB.betakengoodcareC.betakengoodcareof,三、动词短语变被动语态，后面的介词不能丢。,Yourdesk_.A.needsrepairB.needsrepairingC.needstorepair,四、need可以用-ing形式表示被动needdoing=needtobedone,五、不用被动语态的动词：,1.不及物动词（vi.)如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear(正)Anaccidenthappenedlastnight.(S+V)(误)Anaccidentwashappenedlastnight.2.连系动词（Link.v.)如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,