高中名词性从句总结ppt课件

名词性从句,在句子中起名词作用。功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。,1,RelatedConception(相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,TheboyisliMing.,主语,表语,Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.,主语,同位语,宾语,2,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主语从句(TheSubjectClause),宾语从句(TheObjectClause),表语从句(ThePredicativeClause),同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause),3,一、主语从句,定义：在句子中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。连接主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词：that、whether连接代词：what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever连接副词：when、where、why、how,4,1.连接词引导：that、whether例：Thatthecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudentsthisyearistrue.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。Thatthewhetherbecomeswarmeristheresultofpollution.天气变暖是污染的结果。Whetherhecanfinishhistaskontimeisofgreatimportance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。Whetheryoucansucceedornotdependsonhowhardyouworkatit.你是否能成功取决于你努力地程度。,5,2.连接代词引导例：Whatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西更好。Whotheletterwasfromisstillunknown.这封信是谁邮寄的还不清楚。Whicheverofyougetsherefirstwillgettheprize.你们当中第一个达到这里的人将获得奖项。,6,_wearesureaboutistheneedtopreventchildrenfrombeingspoiled.WhatB.WhichC.whetherD.ThatWhat一方面引导主语从句；另一方面在句中做about的宾语。,7,3.连接副词引导例：Howmedicinereducesandrelievespainisunclear.药物是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.它们为什么突然消失还是个迷。,8,Exercise1_shesaidpuzzledhim._shesaidsuchathingpuzzledhim._weshouldsendtotakepartinthepartyistobediscussed._theydontwanttodroptheplanisclear._hefinishedtheworkinsoshorttimeremainsaquestion._itisgoingtosnowthiseveningisnotcertain.,What,Why,Whom/who,That,How,Whether,9,Exercise2,_(月球上没有生命)isknowntoall.2._(我在会议上说的)mustbekeptsecret.3._(是否这件事是真的)remainsaquestion.4._(我们什么时候开会)istobediscussed.,Thatthereisnolifeonthemoon,WhatIsaidatthemeeting,Whetheritistrue,Whenwewillhavethemeeting,10,形式主语it替代主语从句：It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。it+系动词+形容词+that从句Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat.重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。it+系动词+名词+that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat.令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是Itisourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。,11,it+be+动词的-ed形式+that从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntous/allthat.众所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已经决定Itisannouncedthattheplanhadbeensuccessfullycarriedout.据宣布，计划正在顺利实施。It+不及物动词that从句Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat.碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,12,Exercise1,Itisawonder_youwerentinjured.Itisstillunknown_and_thistookplace.Itmakesnodifferencetome_heisrichorpoor.Itisnotyetdecided_istotakeherplaceassecretary.Itissaid_thisplazahas15cinemas.Itdoesntmatter_youaregoingtodoit.,that,when,where,whether,who,that,whether,13,Exercise2,你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？据说我们清明节要放三天假。4.他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。,Itisapitythatyoumissedthenewmovieyesterday.,Isittruethattheyaregoingtosetupanewhospitalhere?,ItissaidthatwelltakethreedaysoffonTombSweepingDay.,Itisntimportanttomewhetherhecanmakealotofmoney.,14,二、宾语从句,定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词：that、whether、if连接代词：what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever连接副词：when、where、why、how,15,1.连接词引导例：Ithink(that)youshouldturntotheteacherforhelp.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。Istilldontknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。Tinawashesitatingaboutthejobofferasshedidntknow_thecompanywasanestablishedone.蒂娜对那份工作有点迟疑，因为她不知道那是否是一家被认定的公司。,16,Whether/if都意为“是否”，一般情况下可互换。口语中常用if。但是以下情况只能用whether：与ornot连用时。Letmeknowwhetherornotyoucancome.请让我知道你是否能来。引导介词宾语从句时。Weareinterestedinwhetheryouwillattendthemeetingornot.,17,2.连接代词引导例：Sheaskedmewhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass.她问我班上谁的书法最好。Illjustsaywhatevercomesintomymind.3.连接副词引导例：Doyouknowwhentheancientgamesbegan?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时候开始的吗？Ivebeenthinkingabouthowwecanmakethenewspapermoreinteresting.我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更有趣。,18,注1：宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中需用陈述句语序。例：Heaskedmewhenwecouldleavethenextday.(whencouldweleavethenextday?)Didyoufindoutwhereshelosthercar?(wheredoesshelosthercar?)注2：宾语从句的时态主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态，所以宾语从句的时态应更具实际情况而定。例：Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.(从-一般现在)Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.（从-一般将来）Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei.（从-现在完成时）,19,主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。例：Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.(从-一般过去时)Hesaidthathewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.(从-过去将来时)Hesaidthattheywerehavingameetingallthatnight.(从-过去进行时),20,当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。例：Theteachertoldusthatnothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit.老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.,21,宾语从句的时态和语序,Couldyoutellmeifit_tomorrow?A.rainsB.israiningC.willrainD.rain2.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthesun_intheeast.A.riseB.risesC.roseD.risen,22,3.Peterknew_.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis,23,4.Couldyoutellme_?A.whereisthenearestrailwaystationB.wherethenearestrailwaystationwasC.wherethenearestrailwaystationisD.wherewasthenearestrailwaystation,24,5.Ireallydontknowifshe_itwhenshe_.A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives,25,6.Wheredoyouthink_he_theTVset?Sorry,Ivenoidea.A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought,26,7.Canyoutellme_?A.whatsthematterwithhimB.whatthematterwithhimisC.whathappenedwithhimD.whatwithhimhappened,27,使用宾语从句时需注意以下几点,1.动词find、feel、think、consider、make、believe、guess、suppose、assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。例：Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天写日记成了习惯。,28,2.宾语从句的否定转移将think、believe、suppose、expect、fancy、imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定，转移到主句中。-即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例：IthinkIdontknowyou.（F）IdontthinkIknowyou.（T）我想我并不认识你。我相信他不会来。Idontbelievehewillcome.,29,在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,他星期三来这里是肯定的。,hewillcomehereonWednesdayiscertain.,他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。,hewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.,That,主语从句,Whether,Whathesaidisnottrue.Whobrokethewindowhasnotbeenfoundout.Howheescapedisstillamystery.Whomsheborrowedmoneyfromstillpuzzledhim.,30,Exercise1_shesaidpuzzledhim._shesaidsuchathingpuzzledhim._weshouldsendtotakepartinthepartyistobediscussed._theydontwanttodroptheplanisclear._hefinishedtheworkinsoshorttimeremainsaquestion._itisgoingtosnowthiseveningisnotcertain.,What,Why,Whom/who,That,How,Whether,31,Thathecantattendthepartyisapity.Itisapitythathecantattendtheparty.Howmuchmoneyisneededishardtosay.Itishardtosayhowmuchmoneyisneeded.Thatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.Itisknowntoallthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.,it做形式主语,32,Shesaid(that)sheisgoingtolearnEnglish.Iwanttoknowwhether/ifshestilllivesthere.Idontknowwhoallthesepeopleare.ShewantstoknowwhichfilmIlikebest.Pleasetellmewhereshelives.Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.Iamcertainthatheisathomenow.Iamafraidhewontcomeontime.,宾语从句,在句中充当及物动词,介词或某些形容词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。,33,三、表语从句,定义：在复合句中做表语（即放在be动词后面）的从句叫做表语从句。从句的语序用陈述句语序。连接主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词：that、whether连接代词：who、whom、whose、which、what、whoever、whomever、whichever、whatever连接副词：when、where、why、how,34,1.连接词引导例：Thereasonforhisabsenceisthathehasntbeeninformed.他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.问题还是他们能否帮我们。Anotherimportantdifferenceiswhetherschoolsarestateschoolsorprivateschools.另一个重要的不同之处是学校是公立的还是私立的。,35,2.连接代词/副词引导例：Theproblemiswhowilltakechargeofthisshop.问题是谁将接管这家店铺。ThatiswhenIrealizedtheimportanceofjournalism.那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。ThisiswhyIthinkmyhappiestdayswillbeinthefuture.这就是我认为自己最快乐的日子会在将来的原因。,36,as/asif/asthough引导的表语从句，此类表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。例：Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.听上去好像有人在敲门。Atthattime,itseemedasthoughIcouldntthinkoftherightword.当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导。此用法常见于句型“thereasonwhyisthat”例：Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathegotuplate.他来的晚是因为起床晚了。,37,我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Ourpurposeisthathecanrealizehisfaults.问题是它是否值得做。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.注意：表语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”,38,试区分以下句子,Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited?Thismuseumiswhatyouvisited.,Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited?Thisisthemuseumthatyouvisited.,Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited?Thismuseumistheonethatyouvisited.,把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。,(表从),(定从),(定从),39,Thathouseis_thegardentoolsarestored.ThereasonIdontwanttogothereis_Ivejustgotanewjobhere.Thatwas_theyhadmadethemistake.Everythingintheroomis_itwastenyearsago.ThedreamJackhasinmindis_hewillbecomeascientistinthefuture.,where,that,how,what,that,40,6.Whatwecareaboutis_itwillbeafinedaytomorrow.7.Thatwas_theydidntpaymuchattentiontotheteacherinclass.8.Myopinionis_everyoneofustakesout$5forJanesbirthdaypresent.9.Theproblemis_wecanbeallowedtostayoutatsuchalatehour.10.Herexplanationis_sheusedtoliveinthecountryandsheknowsitbetterthanus.,whether,why,that,whether,that,41,问题是谁能帮我学英语.这就是她不愿意出国留学的原因.那就是我要告诉你的.问题是他是否会同意这个建议.,ThequestioniswhocanhelpmewithmyEnglish.,Thatiswhysheisunwillingtostudyabroad.,ThatiswhatIwilltellyou.,Thequestioniswhetherhewillagreewiththesuggestion.,42,定语从句：修饰一个名词，关系词在从句中做一个成分。Thisistheboywhogavemehelpyesterday.主语从句：做句子的主语，在谓语（动词）前面。Whathesaidisnottrue.宾语从句：做句子的宾语，在谓语（动词）后面。HetoldmethatheisfromChina.表语从句：做句子的表语，在be动词后面。ThequestioniswhetherheisfromChinaornot.看到一个句子，首先分析主语，谓语，宾语/表语，关系词在谓语前，则该从句为主语从句；关系词在谓语后，则该从句为宾语从句；关系词在be动词后，则该从句为表语从句；关系词在名词后，修饰名词，则该从句为定语从句；关系词在名词后,说明解释名词,则为然后看从句表达的是什么意思，根据意思选择相应的关系词。同位语从句.（是否，谁，为什么，怎么样，什么，谁的。that适应于从句结构完整,不缺少成分.）,43,四、同位语从句,在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，解释和说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有：idea/fact/news/hope/belief/thought/doubt/promise/suggestion/order等。用that引导同位语从句。that无词义，也不做句子成分，不能省略，从句用陈述句语序。,44,TheyexpressedthehopethatwewouldgoandvisitShanghaiagain.他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。Ihavenoideathatshehasquitherpresentjob.我不知道他已经辞职了。Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.答应我，你今天晚上回来参加我们的晚会。Thereisnoobviousevidencethatthereislifeonanyotherplanetinthesolarsystem.没有明显的证据表明太阳系的其他行星上有生命。,45,同位语从句还可以用whether，when，where，why，how等引导。Thestudentaskedmethequestionwhetherthebookwasworthreading.Ihavenoideawhyhewasexcidedthattime.,46,定语从句与同位语从句的区别,定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制。同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的解释和说明。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.（同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个说明消息）Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.（定语从句，news在从句中做told的宾语）,47,ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.Themothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.,48,Exercise,Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee_itgotanybetter.A.whenB.howC.whyD.ifD:宾语从句，从句中不缺少时间、地点、原因，D项意为“是否”。,49,Itisnotimmediatelyclear_thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.SinceB.whatC.whenD.whetherD:名词性从句中的主语从句，it做形式主语。whetherthefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeoverisnotimmediatelyclear.,50,Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof_hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.WhatB.whichC.thatD.howD:宾语从句，作为新上任的外交官，他经常考虑如何在这样的场合做出更恰当的反应。,51,Weshouldconsiderthestudentsrequest_theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.ThatB.whenC.whichD.whereA:同位语从句，名词request，从句结构完整，不缺成分。,52,Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo_ittakestosaveherlife.WhicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.WhoeverC:宾语从句，whatever同时做takes的宾语。,53,Thefacthasworried