工程硕士-英语专业课-英语试题与答案

Section A E-C TranslationDirectioos: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. The biggest threat to our environment today is the way we, as human beings，see our environment How we see our environment shapes our whole worldMost of us see everything as independent from one another. But the reality is that everything is part of one interconnected, interrelated whole. Most of us are blind to this interconnectedness of everything- Tliis is why we dont see the consequences of our actions. It is time for each of us to open our eyes and see the world as it really is one complete whole where every cause has an effectTwo environmental issues that we find most pressing are deforesting and global warming. Mankind has now cut down half of the trees that existed 10，000 years ago. The loss of trees upsets the ecosystem as trees are necessary to biuld topsoil, maintain rainfall in dry climates, purify underground water and to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen. Trees bring water up from the ground, aUowing water to evaporate into the atmosphere. The evaporated water then returns as rain, which is vital to areas that are naturally dry. Areas downwind of deforested lands lose this source of rainfall and are transformed into deserts.以上英文有点错误，课本的英文原文是： The biggest threat to our environment today is the way we, as human beings, see our environment. How we see our environment shapes our whole world. Most of us see everything as independent from one another. But the reality is that everything is part of one interconnected, interrelated whole. For example, a tree may appear isolated, but in fact it affects and is affected by everything in its environment - sunshine, rain, wind, birds, minerals, other plants and trees, you, me. The tree shapes the wind that blows around it; it is also shaped by that wind. Look at the relationship between the tree and its environment and you will see the future of the tree.Most of us are blind to this interconnectedness of everything. This is why we dont see the consequences of our actions. It is time for each of us to open our eyes and see the world as it really is - one complete whole where every cause has an effect. Twoenvironmentalissuesthatwefindmostpressingaredeforestingandglobalwarming.Mankindhasnowcutdownhalfofthetreesthatexisted10,000yearsago.Thelossoftreesupsetstheecosystemastreesarenecessarytobuildtopsoil,maintainrainfallindryclimates,purifyundergroundwaterandtoconvertcarbondioxidetooxygen.Treesbringwaterupfromtheground,allowingwatertoevaporateintotheatmosphere.Theevaporatedwaterthenreturnsasrain,whichisvitaltoareasthatarenaturallydry.Areasdownwindofdeforestedlandslosethissourceofrainfallandtransformintodeserts. 在环境面临的最大威胁来自我们人类对环境的态度。我们对环境的看法决定着我们周围世界的环境。大多数人认为万物是彼此孤立的。但事实上，每一个个体都是一个息息相关、相互联系的整体的组成部分。比如，一颗树看上去或许是孤立的，但它却对其周围环境中的一切日光、雨水、风、鸟、矿物 质、其它植物和树木、你、我等施加影响，同时又处于环境的的影响之下。一棵树会影响从它周围吹过的风；风同时又会影响这颗树的生长。了解这棵树与其环境的关系，你就可以预见它的未来。 大多数人对万物之间的相关性视而不见。正因为如此，我们就不了解我们的所作所为会造成的后果。现在我们每个人都应该睁开双眼，看清这个世界的真实面貌一个因果相循的完整集合体。 我们认为最严重的两个环境问题是森林砍伐和全球变暖。由于大量砍伐，现在地球上的树木仅有一万年前的一半。毁掉树木也就破坏了生态环境，因为树木可以维持表层土壤，保证干旱气候地带的降雨量，净化地下水，并将二氧化碳转化为氧气。树木把水从地下带到地面，并让水蒸发到大气中。随后这些蒸发气体又再化为雨水返回地面。这对天然的干旱地区是至关重要的。毁林地区的下风区域会因缺乏降雨来源而变为荒漠。32. The term “netiquette a combination of “net” and “etiquette”，refers to an understood agreement of social and technical guidelines for Internet behavior. Because communicating via the Internet is several steps removed from person-to-person communication, it is imperative to follow these guidelines in order to maintain good relationships with your Internet correspondents and service provider. While the codes of netiquette are not legally binding, it is important to learn them and abide by them in order to avoid misunderstandings，ostracism，and revoked Internet privileges- With the growing number of people who depend on Internet commimications to conduct business and maintain personal relationships，netiquette is more important than ever.The term “netiquette”, a combination of “net” and etiquette”, refers to an understood agreement of social and technical guidelines for Internet behavior.网礼一词由网络和礼仪合成，指的是对国际互联网上的行为所规定的社会和技术准则。Because communicating via the Internet is several steps removed from person-to-person communication, it is imperative to follow these guidelines in order to maintain good relationship with your Internet correspondents and service provider.由于通过国际互联网交流比面对面交流省略了一些步骤，所以遵守这些准则尤为必要，这样会使你同互联网上的通讯对象以及网络服务商保持良好的关系。While the codes of netiquette are not legally binding,it is important to learn them and abide by them in order to avoid misunderstandings, ostracism, and revoked Internet privileges. 网礼规则不具有法律约束力，但是掌握并遵守它们很重要，只有如此才能避免误解、排斥以及被吊销互联网的使用权。With the growing number of people who depend on Internet commimications to conduct business and maintain personal relationships，netiquette is more important than ever.随着越来越多的人对互联网的依赖网络通信开展业务和维护人际关系，网络礼仪比以往更重要。3. Honesty is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation, and it is the basic moral principle for every citizen.Without honesty，a country would lose its status in the world; a family would lose its harmony; and a citizen would lose his or her personal dignity. No wonder it is said that honesty is more precious than gold. It is a tie for people to maintain relationships of mutual trusts the cornerstone for the development and progress of human society.Honesty is the exterior expression of a citizen?s moral character, the crystallization of a variety of spiritual demmts such as ethics，morality，ideology, culture，etc. To be honest and to keep one5s word, one must have a noble moral character. To perfect ones morality and behavior, one must be honest and dependable, and always keep one promise. Only when honesty is cherished as every citizen basic moral principle can the harmony of families and the prosperity of the country be guaranteed.诚信是中华民族的传统美德，是每个公民的基本道德原则。没有诚信，一个国家就会失去其在世界上的地位；一个家庭会失去它的和谐；而公民会失去他或她的个人尊严。难怪有这样说，诚实比黄金更珍贵。维系人际关系是人类社会发展和进步的基石，是维系人际关系的纽带。诚信是公民道德品质的外在表现，一种精神元素如伦理，道德，思想，文化等，为做到诚实守信，一个人一定要有高尚的品德。要完善一个人的道德和行为，必须诚实可靠，永远保持一个承诺。只有诚信作为每一个公民的基本道德原则，才能保证家庭的和谐和国家的繁荣。4. Perhaps it is our social concept of what is feminine and what is masculine that reinforces the stereotype that women talk more than men, and even causes these different patterns of cornmunication. Maybe a woman is labeled talkative or is criticized for interrupting if she does it at all, because our cultureas well as manyother culturesteaches that women should be quiet if they want to be “feminine.”Perhaps masculine culture encourages boys and men to dominate talk and to interrupt more often, and males who talk a lot and interrupt often are not criticized for doing so. These differences in the patterns of communication and styles of communicating are studied by experts who study the effects of gender on commimication. They study these effects in order to understand why misunderstandings occur between men andwomen in conversation. Often，its because their styles and patterns of conversation are so different It is important that we learn to recognize these differences so that wecan learn to communicate better with people of the other gender.原文与翻译：Perhaps it is our social concept of what is feminine and what is masculine that reinforces the stereotype that women talk more than men, and even causes these different patterns of communication. Maybe a woman is labeled talkative or is criticized for interrupting if she does it at all，because our culture as well as many other cultures teaches that women should be quiet if they want to be “feminine. Perhaps masculine culture encourages boys and men to dominate talk and to interrupt more often, and males who talk a lot and interrupt often are not criticized for doing so. These differences in the patterns of communication and styles of communicating are studied by experts who study the effects of gender on communication. They study these effects in order to understand why misunderstandings occur between men and women in conversation. Often, its because their styles and patterns of conversation are so different. It is important that we learn to recognize these differences so that we can learn to communicate better with people of the other gender. 或许正是我们的男女社会观念加深了女人比男人话多这一糢式化印象，甚至导致这些不同沟通方式的出现。如果一个女人真的在别人说话时插嘴，她或许会被认为是话多，或许会为此受到批评，因为我们的文化还有其他许多文化如此教导女性：她们如果想要有女人味就必须文静。或许男性文化鼓励男孩和男人支配谈话并且更经常打断谈话， 而且健谈和频繁打断话头的男性不会为此受到批评。研究性别对交流所产生的作用的专家们针对沟通模式和沟通风格方面的这些差异进行探究，以便了解在男女对话中为什么会产生误解。误解的产生常常是因为他们的对话风格和方式存在极大的差异。为了能学会更好地和异性交流，我们有必要认识这些差异。Section B C-E TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English.1. 人们一生中利用时间最糟糕的莫过于经年累月地从事自己完全不适合的工 作。可是，有相当多的人却一生都是如此度过的：工作日内做做事，周末找些乐 子。那些在工作中不成功、不快乐的人，往往没有踏踏实实坐下来坦诚地认识了 解自我。他们没有深深地审视自己，没有认识到他们生命中展现出的宝贵的才华 与能力。他们满足于从事别人指派的工作，完成别人设定的目标。FindingYourTrueCalling找寻内心真实的呼唤72. 许多人都想出名，因为声誉能带给他们公众的赞扬和敬意。在大多数情况下, 声誉还会帮助名人获取财富。可是，真正能够成名的人毕竟是少数，而大多数人， 包括大多数艺术家，出名的可能性都不大。诚然，有些人在一生中某些时刻遭遇的失败的确能激发他们更加努力奋斗，从而取得最终成功。譬如，美国发明家托马斯爱迪生在发明电灯泡时，就是在尝试了几百种材料之后最终找到适用于灯 泡的熔丝（fiise)的。然而，遗憾的是，对于大多数人来说，失败往往就是他们 奋斗的结束。所以，在我看来，成功是一回事，出名是另一回事。不管你是否出名，只要你尽力了，你就算成功了。Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respectfrom the public.In most cases,fame can also help them gain wealth.But,after all,very few people can really become famous while most people,including most artists,are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their loves does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success.For example,Thomas Edison,thefamous American inventor,had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is rhe end of their struggle.Therefore,in my opinion,success is one thing and fame is another. As long as youhave tried your best,youre already successful whether you are famous or not.3. 退休终止了一个人的职业生涯。人们突然发现再也不能继续自己已经干了几 十年的工作。有些老人很难适应这个变化，陷于忧郁之中，认为自己没用了。的 确，忧郁已经成为威胁老年人健康的一个主要因素。不过，在中国许多老人仍然 通过为成年儿女服务，如照看孙辈，补贴零用钱等感到自己仍然有用。但问题是 老人们是否还应该尝试用其他方式来丰富他们的空闲时间以获得一个更有意义 的晚年生话？我建议老人们少操心儿女的生活，给儿女足够的空间让他们负责自 己的生活。毕竟老人们为社会和家庭贡献了这么多年，他们应该受到年轻人多方 面的尊重，年轻人对年长的父母要更宽容些。 Retirement brings peoples career to an end. They find, all of a sudden, that they can no more/longer carry on the job they have done for dozens of years. Some old people canno adapt themselves to such a change and thus become depressed, believing that they are no longer useful. Indeed, depression has become one of the leading threats to old peoples health. Nonetheless, many old people in China are able to maintain their sense of usefulness by rendering their grown-up children services, such as taking care of their grandchildren and providing allowances to them. The question remains as to whether senior citizens should try other menas to fill up their leisure, rendering their later years still more meaningful. I suggest the old concern themselves less with their children and make room for young people to take responsibilty for their own lives. After all, the old deserve respect from the young and the young should tolerate their aged parents more, on the grounds that the old have contributed so much for so many years both to their family and to society.4. 有些人认为只要自己准时上下班就算完成任务了，从不