轮机英语听力与会话（第三版）讲义修改稿.doc

第一章 公共用语 口述1. The engine room.(1) Position of the engine room on board.(2) Type of marine machinery in the engine room.(3) Feature of marine machinery in the engine room.The engine room is generally located at the stern near the ship bottom. In the engine room, there are a lot of machinery and systems, such as the main engine, generators, air compressors, oily water separator, boilers, pumps, all kinds of coolers, valves and so on. The main engine is the largest and most important machines. It is the heart of the engine room; it can supply power for the vessels propulsion; boilers for producing steam; fresh water generator used to produce fresh water from seawater; air compressor to supply compressed air; steering gears for the control of the ships course. The modern improvement of control systems results in machinery space remaining unattended for long periods. That is UMS (Unattended Machinery Space).2. The engine department.(1) Introduction of the importance of the engine department on board. (2) Introduction of personnel of the engine department. (3) Description of work in the engine department. The engine department is an extremely important department. It is responsible for all maintenance and operation of the electrical and mechanical equipment. Besides the engines in the engine room, the engine department crew is responsible for all of the sewage, air conditioning, lighting, and water on the ship. Without the engine department, the ship would not move.There are 4 engineers and 3 motormen and 2 electricians in the engine department on board my ship. We come form different parts of the country. But we all love our work and always help each other.We work in the engine room every day and do watch keeping in turn. We do maintenance on the main engine and the auxiliary machineries there. We also check the pressure and the temperature of the fuel and cooling systems. When we are on duty, we should keep the machines in good condition and keep the engine room clean and tidy.3. Self-introduction. (1) Your education background. (2) Your working experience. (3) Your family.My name is . I graduated from Qingdao Harbor Vocational & Technical College in 2009, majoring in marine engineering. I have worked on board for two years. Now I am a fourth engineer. I love my job. There are three people in my family: my father, my mother, and I. My father is a teacher and my mother is a doctor.4. Your daily work on board. (1) Your position on board. (2) Your duties during watch keeping.(3) Your experiences.I am the fourth engineer on board ship. My duty time is 8-12 a.m. and 8-12 p.m. My main work is to ensure that the main propulsion plant, auxiliary machinery and steering gear are in good order. The current operational parameters of all machinery should be observed, such as the exhaust gases temperature of main engine, the cylinder jacket outlet cooling water temperature and pressure etc. During watch, the bridge orders must be promptly carried out. Any abnormal parameters in relation to the equipment should be paid attention.5. Watch-keeping in the Engine Room.(1) The engineer on duty works for 4 hours each watch. (2) He has to keep everything in good order. (3) He is going to hand over the shift. When a ship is at sea, each engineer should keep a duty-watch for 4 hours. During his duty watch, the engineer makes some tour inspection of the engine room and put down all the figures into the engine room log book. He has to keep everything in order. When his watch is finished, he should tell the relieving officer the present condition of the engine room before handing over the watch.6. Could you introduce yourself?(1) Whats your name?(2) Where did you graduate?(3) What education degree do you have now?My name is . I graduated from Qingdao Harbor Vocational & Technical College in 2009, majoring in marine engineering. I got a college diploma. 回答1. How long have you worked on board?I have been working on board for 2 years.2. Which certificate do you have now?I have a fourth engineers certificate.3. What is your marital status? How many departments are there on board?Im still single. There are 3 departments on board. They are the engine department, the deck department and the service department.4. How many people are there in your family? Are you married?There are four: my father, my mother, my sister and I. No, Im still single. 5. How many countries have you ever been to?I have been to five countries: The United States, Great Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. 6. When did you begin to work on board? What kind of ship have you worked on?I began to work on board two years ago.Its a cargo ship, registered with CCS(China Classification Society).7. How many important canals are there all over the world?The Panama Canal, the Suez Canal and the Kiel. 8. Can you tell me what the most important thing is for a seafarer?Good skills in the corresponding work and proficiency in English.9. What kinds of main engine and generator engine have you worked on?Large slow speed crosshead type marine diesel engine and A.C generator.10. Which classification society is your ship registered with?C.C.S., that is, China Classification Society. 11. Have you worked any ship that caused damage in critical equipments?No, I served my job cautiously, and my colleagues were also very responsible. We kept the vessel in safe operation.12. How do you make your maintenance schedules?( Make the repair plan; make the repair list according to the Companys repair principle and instruction book ; prepare for the spare parts and stores )13. Could you list international conventions concerning marine shipping?STCW, SOLAS, MARPOL, ISM Code, and so on.14. Could you tell the usages of the STCW convention?It provides the standards of Training, Certification, and Watch-keeping forSeafarers.15. What is the purpose of Classification Society? Could you list some of them?The purpose is to ensure safety of ship and human life, and prevent pollution of the environment. The famous Classification societies are Lloyds, D.N.V., A.B.S., B.V., C.C.S., and so on.16. Could you list different kinds of ships surveys?There is annual survey, special survey, docking surveys, and so on.17. What does UMS stand for? Have you served UMS?UMS stands for Unattended Machinery Space. Yes, I have served UMS.18. Have you even experienced PSC inspection? Where and when was your last inspection?Yes, I have experienced PSC inspection many times. Last July, I have experienced such inspection in New York.19. What should be paid attention to in the overhaul of a cylinder?1）. Give a “No Starting Engine”sign; 2）. Close valves of the oil and water system to the cylinder and drop out the water remin it;3）. Observed all safety measures,i.e. to ensure safe to personnel,all parts of the mian engine,tools used to work on it;4). Mark on all parts dismanteled from thecylinder to ensue reasemble them as the oringinal relative position;20. Before entering an enclosed space such as ballast tank, what action will you take?( Test the oxygen percentage and wear an self-contained breathing apparatus)21. Please tell me the minimum safe oxygen percentage for the safety of the workers in an enclose space?18%.第二章 机舱日常业务口述1. Please describe the difference between the diesel engine and the gasoline engine. The main difference between the diesel engine and the gasoline engine include: 1) The combustion medium of a diesel engine is diesel oil or fuel oil, while that for a gasoline engine is gas oil. 2) The diesel engine is ignited through compression of hot, high pressure oil/airmixture, but the gasoline engine is ignited by electrical spark plug. 3) For diesel engine, the air and oil is mixed inside the cylinder, while for gasoline engine, they are mixed outside the cylinder.2. Xiao Wang is a cadet of the engine department, who just graduated from Shanghai Marine University. How do you introduce all the engine room to him?First, I will tell the cadet the importance of the engine room. Second, I should introduce the various machinery and systems in the engine room, such as the main engine, the generator engine, boilers, pumps, the refrigerating system, and the air conditioning system. Third, I will show him how to operate the various equipment and devices safely, and introduce as much safety knowledge as I can.3. Xiao Zhang is a three-year student majoring in marine engineering from Shanghai Marine University. How do you introduce the equipment and machinery in the engine room to him. Same answer as question No 2.4. Look at the illustration and say something about the disposal of the shafting and diesel engine.The power of the diesel engine is transmitted to the propeller through the transmission system. The items of transmission system include various shafts, such as the thrust shaft, one or more intermediate shafts and tail shaft. These shafts are supported by the thrust block, intermediate bearings and the stern tube bearing. The propeller consist of a boss with several blades. The thrust is transmitted along the shafting to the thrust block and finally to ship structure.5. Look at the illustration and say something about the probability of disposal of medium-speed and high-speed diesel engine. When the ship is sailing at full speed, it needs four engines running. When the ship is sailing at half speed, it requires two engines running. While the ship is operating at about 30 % of full speed, one engine is enough to meet its power requirement. That is, the ship can be operated with single engine, double engines, or four engines according the load condition. Generally, when the ship is sailing at sea speed, it has four engine running, while it approaches the wharf, it has two.6. Look at the illustration and say something about structure of the main engine.The structure of the main engine is as follows: the construction mainly includes bedplate, frame, cylinders, pistons, connecting rod, main bearing and crankshaft. The crankshaft rests in main bearings built into cross girders of the bedplate. On the top of A frames there is a scavenging air box. The bedplate, frames and cylinder blocks are secured together by long tie-rods. A piston consists of a lower part called piston skirt and an upper part called piston crown.7. Look at the illustration and say something about stress status of the moving parts. The moving parts shown in the illustration mainly include the piston, the connecting rod, and the crankshaft. These are all critical parts of the engine. According to the specific condition shown in the picture, the piston is under compression force, the connecting rod is under tension stress and compression force, while the crankshaft is under the torsion forces.8. Look at the illustration and say the type of piston head shape in diesel engine. Pistons can be divided into two main classes: the crosshead type pistons and the trunk type pistons. The top surface of the crosshead piston can be flat, sunken or convex. The piston shown in the illustration is the crosshead type piston with a sunken surface. It has the advantage of increasing the air turbulence and improving the oil and air mixing quality. Its disadvantage is that the cylinder volumetric clearance will be larger.9. Look at the illustration and say the types of piston ring.The piston rings shown in the illustration has the shape of rectangle or trapezoid. Some of them are rounded on the external top or bottom edges. Among these piston rings, No.1 and No.2 are sealing rings, No. 3 and No. 4 are scraper rings, while the No.5 is a distributor ring. Generally, each piston is provided with five or six piston rings.10. Please describe the lubricating mode of main engine.Large marine diesel engines of crosshead construction generally have two systems of lubrication: a totally loss system feeding the cylinders and a circulating system lubricating the running gear and cooling the pistons. Oil is supplied to the cylinder liner wall and piston rings by means of mechanical lubricators. The lube oil to the various moving parts enables the formation of an oil film which reduces friction and wear.11. Talk about the working principle of purifier according to the picture given. The removal of impurities and water from fuel oil and lube oil is very important for the good working conditions of the engine. This is achieved by the centrifugal purifier. In consists of an electric motor drive to a vertical shaft on the top of which is mounted the bowl assembly. The high-speed rotation is a purifier which can produce a centrifugal force many thousand times larger than the force of gravity. After the bowl fulfilled with clean water, the dirty oil is admitted into the center of the bowl, passes up through a stack discs and out through the top. During this process, the action of centrifugal force causes the clean oil to flow inwards and the water and impurities flow outwards. The water and impurities form a sludge, which moves outwards along the undersides of the discs to the periphery of the bowl. The excessive water will flow out through the water outlet and the sludge can be discharged at regular intervals. Thus, the whole process could continuously go on.12. Talk about the working principle of oily water separator according to the picture given. Oily water separators are used to ensure that ships do not discharge oil whenpumping out the bilge water, or oily water from oil tanks or any water contaminated space. The main principle of separation is the gravitational difference between oil and water.1) The separator is first filled with clean water.2) The oily water mixture is then pumped into the coarse separating space. Here some oil will separate and rise into the oil collection space.3) The remaining mixture now flows down into the fine separating space. More oil will separate out. The almost oil-free water passes into the central pipe and leaves the separator unit.13. Talk about the anti-pollution equipment on board ship.The anti-pollution equipment on board ship includes oily water separator, incinerator and sewage treatment plant. Oily water separators are used to ensure that ships do not discharge oil when pumping out bilge water or oily water from oil tanker or any oil contaminated space. They should be used in conjunction with some forms of filters if greater purity is required. The incinerators are used to burn the solid waste. And some biological sewage treatment plants are in use to treat the sewage water the whole ship produced. All these equipment must be kept in good order; otherwise we would not pass the PSC inspection.14. Talk about the operation of the ballast system.The ballast system is arranged to ensure that water can be drawn from any tank or the sea and discharged to any other tank or the sea as required to trim the vessel. Combine or separate mains for suction and discharge may be provided. Where a tank or cargo space can be used for ballast or dry cargo then either a ballast or bilge connection will be required. The system must therefore be arranged so that only the appropriate pipeline is in service; the other must be securely blanked or closed off. The automatic filling of any tank may be obtained by opening the valve of sea water main connected to the discharge main. For operating the ballast system, care must taken when we open or close the relative valves. Usually the ballast pump is centrifugal pump, so it must be operated according to the requirement.15. Talk about the operation of the bilge water system.The operation of the bilge system is an important routine work. It needs great care. When the operation of the bilge system is needed, the following procedure must be observed:1) Discharge the bilge tanks one by one.2) Open and close the relevant valves when changing over to another tank according to the operation procedure.3) Stop pumping out when the bilge tank is nearly empty.4) Pay attention to the filters and mud-boxes to ensure no clogging5) The discharge must meet the relative legislative requirements.6) The operation must be recorded and reported to C/E.The duty engineer should discharge the bilges before handing over a watch. And relief engineer should check the bilge level when taking over a watch. 问答1. Please introduce one type of the main engine.(I MAN-B&W diesel engine. It is a slow-speed 2-stroke crosshead type marine diesel engine.)2. Please introduce fuel injection process of electronically controlled main engine.( It employs electronic control injection system and makes use of electric sensors to monitor parameters of ME under varous operation conditions)3. Please introduce dual fuel technology of main engine. This kind of main engine can burn both light oil and fuel oil used in large medium speed engine.The former can be directly used by the main engine but the latter should be heated before using. 4. Why is the two-stroke engine widely used on board ship?Because the two-stroke engine can develop twice the power of the four-stroke engine of the same size, and its thermal efficiency is higher. 5. Why is the air exchanging quality of four-stroke engine more than that of two-stroke engine?Four-stroke engine has an enough overlap between inlet valve opening and exhaust valve closing6. Please introduce three moving parts of marine main engine. They are piston, crankshaft and connecting rod.7. Whats the sequence of the four strokes?They are suction, compression, expansion and exhaust.8. Please introduce four fixing parts of marine main engine. Bedplate