高中英语语法被动语态.doc

高中英语被动语态总结汉语中有的被动句的形式标记不是“被”字，而是“让”、“给”、“叫”、“受”、“遭”、“为所”、“挨”、“由”、“使”、“把”、“得到”、“获”、“予以”、“加以”、“经过”、等. 英语被动句译为不带被动标志性词语但包含被动许多汉语句子不带表被动意义的标志性词语，看上去好像是主动句，但实际上包含被动意义，这样的汉语句子的被动意义是通过其主谓成分表达的逻辑意义关系来确定的。罗杰，你有电话。Roger,youarewantedonthephone.他的腿在一次事故中折断了。Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident.人民大会堂是在1959年建造的。TheGreatHallofthePeoplewasbuiltin1959.印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.1.一般现在时：am(is,are)+done.主动语态：Wecleantheclassroom.（我们打扫教室。）被动语态：Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.（教室被我们打扫。）2.一般过去时：was(were)+done主动语态：Wecleanedtheclassroomlastnight.（我们昨晚打扫了教室。）被动语态：Theclassroomwascleanedbyuslastnight.（昨晚教室被我们打扫了。）3.一般将来时：will(shall/begoingto)be+done主动语态：Wewillcleantheclassroomtomorrow.（我们明天将打扫教室。）被动语态：Theclassroomwillbecleanedbyustomorrow.（明天教室将被我们打扫。）4.现在进行时：am(is,are)being+done主动语态：Wearecleaningtheclassroom.(我们正在打扫教室。)被动语态：Theclassroomisbeingcleanedbyus.(教室正被我们打扫。)5.过去进行时：was(were)being+done主动语态：Wewerecleaningtheclassroomatthismomentlastnight.(昨晚这个时候我们正在打扫教室。)被动语态：Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedbyusatthismomentlastnight.(昨晚这个时候教室正在被我们打扫。)6.现在完成时：have(has)been+done主动语态：Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.(我们已经打扫了教室。)被动语态：Theclassroomhasbeencleanedbyus.(教室已经被我们打扫了。)7.带情态动词的被动语态：must(can,may,should,need,would)be+done主动语态：Wemustcleantheclassroom.(我们必须打扫教室。)被动语态：Theclassroommustbecleanedbyus.(教室必须被我们打扫）。翻译练习一般现在时Paperismadefromwood.（纸是由木材生产出来的。）Thejacketis madeofcotton.(这件夹克衫是棉做的。)YangLipingisknowasagreatdancer.(杨丽萍是公认的出色的舞蹈家.)Englishisspokeninmanycountriesallovertheworld.（世界上许多国家都讲英文。）SchoolmeetingisheldeveryMonday.每周一都举行校会。一般过去时Thehousewasbuiltin1950.（这座房是1950年建成的。）Theradiowasturnedoffjustnow.(收音机刚才关掉了。)Hewasseentoplaywithfire.（有人看见他玩火了。）ThecupwasbrokenbyDavidyesterday.（这个杯子昨天被大维打烂了。）Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursaday.（工人们被迫每天工作12小时。）现在进行时Thecomputerisbeingmended.（那台电脑正在被修理。）Thechildrenarebeingtakengoodcareof.（孩子们正受到良好的照顾。）Thisfilmisbeingshownnow.(这部电影正在被放映。)Maryisbeinginterviewednow.（玛丽现正接受采访。）Theproblemisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.（这个问题正在会上讨论。）一般将来时Anotherbookwillbepublishednextmonth.（下个月另一本书将问世。）Todaysworkisgoingtobewelldone.（今天的工作将被很好地完成。）ThesportsmeetingwillbeheldonWednesdayafternoon.（校运会将在下周三下午举行。）Whenandwherewllthemeetingbeheld?（这个会议将会在什么时候、哪里举行呢？）Whatwillbedonenext?（接下来要做什么？）现在完成时Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.（这本书已被译成多国语言。）HasthesportsmeetbeenputoffuntilnextFriday?（运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？）Therecorderhasbeenrepairedseveraltimes.(这台录音机已经修理过好几次了。)Adoctorhasbeensentfor.（已经派人去请医生了。）Tomsnovelhasnotbeenpublished.(汤姆的小说还没有被出版。)带情态动词Theroommustbecleanedeveryday.(房间必须每天都打扫。)Ourhomeworkshouldbehandedinontime.(作业应该准时上交。)Itmustbedoneatonce.（这件事必须立即做。）Calculatorcantbeusedinthemathsexam.（计算器不能用于数学考试。）Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustntbetakenaway.（阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。）固定句式Itissuggestedthateachspeakerisallowedfiveminutes.(建议每位发言者讲话五分钟。)Itsreportedthataboutthreehundredpeoplewerekilledinthisaccident.(据报道，这次事故中大约有三百人死亡。)ItsknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.(众所周知，英国是一个岛国。)Itisbelievedthathealthisabovewealth.（一般人都相信健康重于财富。）ItissaidthathecomesfromChina.（据说他来自中国。）主动形式表被动一些表示感受、感官的连系动词,如：look,sound,smell,feel,taste等主语是物时。Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.（这座建筑看上去很美。）Hervoicesoundsquitesweet.(她的声音听起来非常甜美。)Thisshirtfeelsmuchsofterthanthatone.（这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多。）Thatbooksmellsold.（那本书有一股霉味。）Theseorangestastenice.（这些橙子味道很好。）表示主语有内在品质或性能，使得主语得以实现或不能实现，常见的这类动词有open,close,shut,read,write,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,drink,etc.Hisnovelsellswell.(他的小说很畅销。)Hispenwritessmoothly.（这支钢笔很好写。）Thispoemreadswell.（这首诗读来顺口。）Hisvoicerecordswell.他的声音录下来很好听。）Theclothwasheswell.（这布很耐洗。）Thisshirtwillwearverylong.（这衬衫很耐穿。）Thewindowwontopen.(这窗户开不了。)Thedoorwontlock.（这门锁不上。）Thedoorblewopen.(门被风吹开了。)Thecardriveeasily.（这车很容易开。）以下动词（或动词短语）无被动语态：happen(发生),belongto(属于),breakout(爆发),appear(出现),cometrue(实现),disappear(消失),last(持续),spread（传播）等Theaccidenthappenedl