南航2015-2016学期翻译期末答案.doc

一填空1.Translation coversa verybroadrange. Intermsofthemode,itcanbedividedinto oral interpretation or written translation and machine traslation2.Despitethevarietyofopinionstwocriteriaoftranslationarealmost unanimously accepted,accepted,namely, the criterion of faithfulness andthatof smoothness 3.By“diction”wemeantheproperchoiceofwordsand phrases intranslationonthebasisofaccurateof theoriginal.4.ManyEnglishadjectivesafter a linkverbindicatingonesconsciousness,feelings,emotions,desires,etc.arealwaysconvertedintoChinese verbs5.Amplification,also called addition means supplying necessary words inourtranslationonthe basis of accurate comprehensionof theoriginal.(此题课上提到，也解释过，作为拓展型题目，答案可到unit4查找P48)。6.Asforthe criterionoftranslation,byfaithfulnesswe meanbeingfaithfulnotonlytotheoriginalcontents,to butalsoto the original form and style.7.InordertomakeouttheoriginalmeaningofanEnglishword,itisnecessaryforustohaveaknowledgeof Englishlexicology,andspecifically,aknowledgeofword formation,suchasderivation,compounding,blending,acronym, formation, clipping, affixation and back-formation. 8.Conversion,one of thecommonlyadoptedtranslationtechniques,means the change of parts of speech intranslation.2 论述题1. How do you understand Mr.Yan Fus three-character guide “信、达、雅”？Whats your opinions on the principles or criteria of translation?雅means elegance ,it also means classicism , the adherence to the original style and flavor. 信 means faithfulness, we mean being fait not only to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style.达means expressiveness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expression in the target language free form stuff formula and mechanical copying from dictionaries.雅意味着优雅,这也意味着古典风格,坚持原来的风格和味道。信意味着忠诚,我们不仅意味着既原始意义和观点,而且最初的形式和风格。达意味着表达,我们不仅是简单的和可读的渲染,但也在目标语言惯用语自由形式的东西公式和机械复制从字典。The criterion of accuracy and that of smoothness should be insisted, the original style and the language and thinking patterns of the receives have to be considered.精确性和平滑度的标准应该坚持最初的风格和接收的语言和思维模式必须被考虑。2. When is conversion used in the translation between Chinese and English?Please illustrate your assertion with examples.Conversion in E-C translation: converting into verbs: his poor health force him away from England. converting into nouns: . Such material are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。converting into adjectives：this experiment was a success。这个实验很成功。converting into adverbs：The new mayor earned some appreciation by courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.新市长礼节性地前来看望城市贫民，获得了他们的好感。Conversion in C-E translation：Converting Verbs Into Other Parts Of SPEECH。获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。Wearedeeplyconcernedatthenewsthatyourcountryhasbeenstruckbyan earthquake Conversions Between Different Parts Of Speech。街中的一切谩潮消失在灰暗的暮色里。Everything was gradually disappearing into a pall of grey.3. What are the basic methods to make out the meaning of a given word? Cite some examples to illustrate them.Judging by word formation：contradict ：contra（相反）+dict（说）反驳。Judging by references：his father sent John to the university and was eager to have him distinguish himself.他送John上大学，巴望能让儿子出类拔萃。Judging by context and collocation：delicate difference 讲不大清楚的差别 delicate features 清秀的五官 delicate living 奢侈的生活4. Why is it necessary for a translator to convert parts of speech in translation?Difference is syntactic structure and idioms between English and Chinese.English is a language of phoneme，in which hypotaxis is the structure mainly used。Chinese is a language of ideograph，in which parataxis is the structure mainly used。英语和汉语之间的差异是句法结构和习语。英语重形合，汉语重意合。英语语法可以说是一种“形合”语法，即注重形式联系，以动词为中心，通过词型变换和各种连词，介词来表达词与词之间的相互关系，通过句子成分的“各居其位”来体现意义。汉语语法可以说是一种：“意合”语法，及词语间的组合以达意的标准，对此的形式，顺序没有特定的需求。短语翻译1. See ones ancestors 见祖先2. Be armed to the teeth 全副武装3. Adams apple 喉结4. Coming out party 崭露头角的聚会5. Stake everything on 竭尽全力的做 6. Seeded clouds 实施人工降雨7. Buy a white horse 浪费钱财8. A sharp tongue 毒舌9. Delicate surgical operation 难做的外科手术10. Brain drain and gain 人才引进和流出11. delicate stomach 容易出坏的胃12. brain drain 人才流出13. nuclear family 核心家庭14. grim and tragic 惨淡的15. come of age 到达法定年纪16. Unduly personal 个人私事，不宜谈论17. Relative density 比重18. Continuous expansion 不断地膨胀19. A figure with a good deal of frontage 普遍规律 20. Shoot out glittery sparks 光芒四射21. 四书五经 .the Four books and the Five classics 21. 目不识丁 be completely illiterate/（not know ones）ABC 22. 老闺女 the youngest daughter23. 文泼武泼（泼水节）gentle splashing/fierce splashing25. 夏洛克一样敲诈穷人 to Shylock the poor people26. 熊瞎子一样瞎 as blind as a bat27. 泰山压顶 面不改色 as cool as a cucumber28. 白纸黑字般清楚不过 as plain as the nose in your face29. 吃耳光 get a slap in the face30. 吃喜酒 attend the wedding banquet31. 老师傅 .a master craftsman32. 申请书 letter of application33. 学习成绩 academic records34. 心往神驰 fill sb with special longing35.粗茶淡饭 meager food36.治校方略 strategy of running the university37.顾全大局 take the whole situation into consideration38.站于岸儿 watching people down from a dry bank39.民族屈辱 national humiliation4 句子翻译1. After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground.他上一篇小说写砸了，他的名声从此岌岌可危。2. China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.中国是一个令人惊讶，日新月异的国家。3. This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.这场战争正成为这一大人最重要的事件。4. Health is above wealth for this cannot give so much happiness as that.健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能像健康那样带给人们幸福。5. Subject to the fulfillment of other formalities they shall be granted all necessary permits.在他们履行其他正式手续的条件下，可授予他们一切必要的执照。6. The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了他当时的情绪。7. Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in this direction.有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价8. He is physical weak but mentally sound.他身体虽弱，但思想健康。9. A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses his theories and his conclusion.科学家总是试图否定它的假设，推翻他的理论，放弃他的结论。10. Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness affection weakness thrift avarice.勇敢过度即成蛮勇，感情过度即成溺爱，节俭过度即成贪婪。11. A greating card warm a heart,hold a hand,lend an ear,pat a back,light up a face,tickle a funny bone,dry an eye,surprise a child woo a sweetheart,toast a bride,welcome a stranger,wave a good-by,shout a bravo,blow a kiss,mend a quarrel,ease a pain,boost a morale,stop a worry and start a tradition.一张贺卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背；它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人以温存，给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎；它可以用以挥手道别，高声喝彩，送上飞吻，也可以用以平息争吵，减轻痛苦，提高士气，消除忧虑，开创一种新风尚。12. China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.13. 中国是一个令人惊讶，日新月异的国家。14. Needing some light to see by,the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light a light with the light green shade.夜贼需要一点亮光来辨识四周，于是轻步穿过房间，去点亮带有浅绿色灯罩的灯。15. Under capitalism drugs and alcohol are used by some as an escape mechanism.在资本主义社会，毒品和酒被用作逃避现实的途径。16. Out of all the glorious tales written about the U.S.Revolution for independence from Britain, the fact is hardly known that a black man was the first to die for American independence.读遍关于关于美国为摆脱英国统治争取独立而进行革命的堂皇记事，也很难弄清第一个为美国独立捐躯的原来是个黑人。17. It was a truth of which I had for sometime been conscious that a figure with a good deal of frontage was,as one might say,almost never a public institution.一段时期以来，我注意到了一条普遍规律，不妨说，仪表堂堂的人大抵不是什么社会名流。18. To the world you are you are someone,to someone you are the world.对于世界而言,你是一个人；但是对于某人,你是他的整个世界.19. A thousand mustaches can live together,but not four breasts.千条汉子能共处，两个婆娘难相容。20. During the meeting,the Chinese Premier met respectively with his German,British,and Japanese counterparts.会议期间，中国总理分别会晤了德国总理、英国首相和日本国内阁总理大臣。21. -government of the people,by the people,and for