项目一商务英语常用词语与句型-没有幻灯片标题.ppt

商务英语常用词汇与句型,1.Commodity n.商品 （正式用语，指一般性的商品的总称）,Eg: They are not interested in most of commodities on display. Eg: The commodity prices have been going up in recent years.,2,在外贸业务中表示商品的同义词很多（本组词包括17个），具体含义和用法各异，如下所述：,1) Goods(词形固定为复数，但不与数词连用，可与commodity等词通用，是较普通的用语) Eg: The goods enquired for are out of stock for the moment. 2) Merchandise泛指商品，无复数形式不与不定冠词连用，不具体指某种商品。 Eg: Smith & Co.Ltd deals in general merchandise. 3) Manufactures复数形式使用不变，指工业产品，制造品等。 Eg: We are making efforts to push your manufactures.,3,4) Product主要指工业产品 =manufactures ,有时也可与produce通用，较多使用。 Eg: Chinese light industrial products sell fast in Northern Africa. 5) Produce指农产品或自然生成的产品。无复数形式，不可冠以不定冠词。 Eg: We are in the market for various kinds of native produce.,6) Cargo 指与装运有关的船货，有时亦可和goods换用。 Eg: The cargo ex s.s. “White Cloud” has been inspected and found in good order.,5,Steamer ship,Documents against Acceptance,7) Shipment指装运的一船货或是一批货。 Eg: A client in Canada asked us to send a shipment of cutlery to them on D/A basis. 8) Consignment指寄售之货或运送之货，作后者可与 shipment , delivery通用。 Eg: Lots of consignments are arriving from other sources.,9) Stuff原料，货物 Eg: We hope a better stuff could be offered as soon as possible. 10) Parcel一批货，原意指小包，包裹。 Eg: This is the only parcel of 200 pcs left. 11) Lot 一批货，完全等同于parcel。 Eg: Can you offer us another lot? 12) Article商品，货物，是商业常用语，多用单数，尤指某种具体商品。 Eg: Please let us know when you are in a position to supply this article.,6,13) Item 商品（项目），常用以指代前面提及的货物，与article可换用。 Eg: The demand for this item is still increasing. 14) Line商品（项目）；行业；（一类）货色 Eg: We have been engaged in the chemical line for 30 years. 16) Material指原料商品 Eg: Please recommend some material that suits the European market. 17) Make原指生产式样和制造方法，后引申为产品、货物。 Eg: More than half of the cars sold here are Japanese makes.,2. Conclude v.,1)得出结论，作出结束语，认为 Eg: We conclude that it is not the time to discuss this matter now. 2) 达成。常用结构：conclude a transaction / conclude the business成交 Eg: A lot of transactions have been concluded between us. Conclusion n.商定，结论 Eg: Our representatives look forward to the eventual conclusion of this business.,表示“达成交易”的类似结构还有以下这些，可互相换用 Business is done. Come to terms Close a deal/transaction Put through the business/transaction Finalize a transaction/deal Materialize business etc. Eg: We re pleased to have finalized the transaction with you.,ize 动词后缀 Modern-modernlize-modernlization Industry-industrial-industrialize-industrialization,3. Refer v.谈及、参考、提交、接洽（与to连用）,Eg: We refer to our letter dated May 20 , 2008. Eg: Please refer to our telex of May 15 , 2008. Eg: We have referred this matter to our factory in Dalian. Eg: We will refer to you the British Business Delegation. Reference n.关于，谈到 常用短语：with/in reference to商业信函中句首“关于”，多用。 Eg: With / In reference to our usual payment terms, we can do otherwise than L/C at sight.,10,表示“关于，至于”的同义词和短语还有： 多置于句首或信首的：in connection with with respect to on the subject of referring to 往往可以换用的有：dealing with covering concerning relevant/relative regarding/as regards as to/as for respecting Eg: With respect to /On the subject of/In connection with quality of the new product, no complaint can be made. Eg: We have received relative/covering/relevant/concerning L/C.,11,4. Commission n.佣金,Eg: The above price is inclusive of your 2% commission. Eg: You have shortcalculated our commission, and there are two items of commission left unpaid.试比较下列近义词： 1）discount n.折扣（指卖方给买方的一种优待，现在与commission无严格区别，只是不计算在货价中） Eg: The highest discount can be allowed on this article is 15%.,12,Include-inclusive Exclude-exclusive,2）Rebate n.折扣，回扣（一般可替代discount使用） Eg: There is a 5% freight rebate. 3）Allowance n.补贴（指卖方按一定百分比给对方让价，有时与discount和 rebate意思相同，但具体应用到索赔时，则指赔偿费） Eg: This supermarket makes an allowance of 10% for payment by preferential cards. Eg: Buyers claims an allowance of 1000 dollars due to short weight.,5. Per prep.,1)每，每一(=for each) Eg: The walnut sells at RMB 2200 per metric ton FOB Shanghai. 2)由，经(=by,ex,via) Eg: We advise having shipped mens shirts under the Contract No. 456 per s.s.“Marie”.,14,Steamer Ship=Motor Ship,常用短语：as per按照（用于书面格式如询单、报价单、规格表、装运通知、来电、来信等）,Eg: We are prepared to quote you our lowest price for tableware as per your inquiry of October 30, 2002.,15,-ware, glassware, hardware, software,Eg: Please pack these equipments as per our packing instructions. Eg: We have extended the offer as per your request. 与as per类似的表达还有： according to/ in accordance with comply with /in compliance with in the light of Eg: The order will be executed according to/in compliance with the terms agreed.,6. Supply n.供应，供给。v. 供应，供给,Eg: We have an ample supply of canned meat.,16,ample（丰富的，充足的=enough） amplify（扩大，增强）动词后缀-ify amplification/amplifier放大器扩音机,常用结构：supply sb. with sth. supply sth. to sb. Eg: Please believe that our supplier can supply your needs to the full. Eg: Were able to supply you with all sizes of silk underwear. 另外同义的表达还有：provide sb. with sth.（完全可以替换） Eg: Will you please provide us with the necessary information?,7. Market n.市场,Eg: We are trying to open a market for this article. 常用短语有 1）be in the market 欲购某物 Eg: We will contact you as soon as we are in the market for wool gloves. 2）come into the market 上市 Eg: When the new crop comes into the market, we can revert to your enquiry.,17,cash crop 经济作物 FAQ 2009 Crop.,8. Conform v. 使一致，符合,Eg: Your shipment does not conform to/with the sample. Eg: It is necessary to conform the specifications to the contract. conformity n. 符合，一致 常用短语 ： be in conformity with/to 与相一致，符合，按照 类似的用法还有：be in agreement with be in accordance with Eg: We trust you will carry out our order in strict conformity/agreement/accordance with the contract. Eg: The quality must be in conformity with the sample cutting.,18,9. Pack v.包装,常见结构（合同中包装条款的写法） 1、in sth.用某物包装，用某种形式装 2、in sth of（多少）each或in sth ,each containing（多少）用某物包装，每件装多少 3、in（小包装）of（多少）each ,（若干件）to（大包装） 用某物包装，每件装多少，若干件装于一大件中 Eg: We packed the trip scissors in boxes of one dozen each, 200 boxes to a wooden case. Eg: These goods are packed in bales/barrels/bundles/cartons/canvas.,19,装箱单packing list 适于海运的包装 seaworthy packing 中性包装neutral packing 外（内）包装outer/inner packing 试比较：packing n. 包装方法，包装情况等意思 package n. 包装容器，包装好的货，有时也指包装费 Eg: Please quote us your best price , stating payment and packing. Eg: As to condition of the goods inside the packages, the shipping company accepts no responsibility.,10. Option n.选择,Eg: The destination on the B/L is written “Copenhagen option Rotterdam”. 1) at ones option 由方选定 Eg: Packing is at sellers option.,21,合同中的常见条款：唛头Shipping Marks 由卖方选定,2) have no option 别无选择，只有 Eg: We have no option but to place our order elsewhere. Eg: Since there is no direct vessel available, we have no option but to make transshipment at Hamburg.,可通用的短语有: have no choice but have no alternative but Eg: We have no choice but to lodge a claim against you for the loss sustained. Eg: As we cannot reach an agreement , we have no alternative but to refer this case to arbitration.,11. establish v.,1) 建立，缔结(=enter into) Eg: We are willing to establish/enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and exchange of goods needed. 2) 开立，开具(=open, issue) Eg: The relevant L/C has been established /opened / issued through the Bank of China in Wuhan.,23,平等互利，互通有无,建立商务关系,开立信用证,12. Consider v.,1）考虑（在商业英语中常与entertain换用，有ready to accept的含义） Eg: We shall be glad to consider/entertain any constructive suggestions you may make for an earlier delivery. Eg: Considering the present high customs duty on this item, we only make purchase for special purpose. 2）认为(=regard, think) Eg: Buyers consider the prices for peanut too high. Eg: We consider it advisable to postpone signing the contract.,24,consideration n. 考虑（同意） 常用短语：take sth. into consideration（商函书面语，比consider正式） Eg: If you take the quality into consideration, we believe you will see our price is reasonable.,25,虚拟语气，省略if，should提前，构成倒装,Eg: We agree to grant you 3% discount on due consideration. Eg: The matter is under consideration now. Eg: We hope our request will receive your favorable consideration.,Considerable adj. （修饰事物）相当的=substantial Eg: Should your price be competitive, we could do considerable business. Considerably adv. 相当大量地 Eg: It would help us considerably if we know the exact quantities you would probably order for Christmas season. Considerate adj. （修饰人）考虑周到的，体贴的,substancesubstantialsubstantially,常用词，considerable in fact,13. Charge v. 记账，收费,使承担（任务、责任），委托，载运，劝告，攻击，索价，赊账，冲锋，充电 Eg: The extra premium will be charged to your account. Eg: We charge you US$50 for storage for these machines. charge n. 费用（多用复数形式） 主管，看管，货物，印章，义务，命令，税金 常用短语 in charge of Eg: Processing charges are very expensive. Eg: Samples will be free of charge.,27,v. 加工、处理 n. 过程、工序 word processor,14. account n.账目,常用结构：1）on /for ones account; on/for the account of sb. 由的账户付账 Eg: All the expenses prior to shipment are for/on sellers account. Eg: We buy the goods for/on the account of Messers Freeman & Co.,28,注意区分on /for ones account与to ones account,“公司”的各类表达法： Firm limited=Ltd. Company=Co. Corporation/Corporate=Corp. Incorporation/Incorporate=Inc. Multinational Corporations=MCs,2）on account of 因为，由于（多作状语用） Eg: Your designs and colors do not suit the local market on account of difference taste. Eg: On account of lack of direct vessel, please allow transshipment in your L/C.,account-accountant 国外账户的分类： Savings Account Deposit Account Checking Account,“因为、由于”的表达法很多，如下：,1）due to（作表语最常见） Eg: The delay of delivery is due to seamens strike. 2）owing to（作状语最常见） Eg: The price was wrong owing to clerical mistake. 3）because of（一般常用表达） Eg: The damage occurred because of careless packing. 4）thanks to（含幸亏、多亏之意） Eg: Thanks to your information in detail, our marketing research could be fulfilled within such a short time.,30,1）inform sb. of sth. /that 通知某人某事 advice sb. of sth. /that notify sb. of sth. /that Eg: We are glad to inform you that business has been done at your adjusted price. Eg: Please inform/advise us of the date of sailing. Eg: Will you please advise your specific requirements? Eg: We notify you of the quantities we will order during the next six months. Informing bank = Notifying Bank 通知行,15. Inform 通知 v.( =advise, notify),31,1）证实，确认 Eg: We confirm our letter of April 15 regarding Mild Steel Sheets. Eg: We confirm cables exchanged between us covering Dried Seafood. 2）收悉（信函、电报等）：confirm (receipt of ) 同义的短语：acknowledge (receipt of) be in receipt of be in possession of Eg: Were in receipt of your cable of March 15. Eg: We confirm/confirm your cable of March 15. Confirmation n. Eg: This offer is subject to our final confirmation. Eg: We are anxiously awaiting confirmation of this news.,16Confirm v.,32,be in a position to(=can , be able to)能够 Eg: Our overseas agent is in a position to make over his business for the time being. Eg: If you are in a position to shade the price , we shall be able to order 50 metric tons.试比较： can（不宜用过去式，且语气较重） be able to（多以人作主语，后接的动词不定式无被动用法） be in a position to（表示处于能做某事的地位，不宜用在与条件从句连用的主句中）,17Position n.地位，境地,33,Eg: We can /are able to/are in a position to cancel the contract unilaterally under present circumstances.,常见的表示数量的前缀： 单 Uni- unicycle unilateral（单边的） 双 Bi- bicycle bilateral（双边的） 三 Tri- tricycle trilateral（三边的） 多 Multi- multilateral（多边的） multimedia（多媒体）,拼写为inquiry时指一般询问，只有与介词 for连用后方可表示询盘 Eg: Were pleased to have your enquiry for our Raincoats. Eg: We will revert to your enquiry when goods are available. Eg: Your enquiry is having our prompt attention. Eg: Our offer will be made on receipt of your specific enquiry.,18Enquiry n.询价，询盘，询价单,35,1）enquire for sth.询购某物 Eg: The goods you enquire for are out of stock now. 2）enquire about sth.打听某事 Eg: They have enquired about the possibility of putting the new item. 3）enquire of sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 Eg: Were enquired of the shipping company about the estimated date of the steamers arrival. 4）enquire into(=look into ,go into)调查 Eg: Its my duty to enquire into this matter.,常用结构：,36,quote sb. a quotation for sth.向某人报某商品的价格 Eg: Please quote (us) your lowest price for the following items. Eg: For first grade, we quote $280 per ton CIF Shanghai. quotation n. 报价，行市 send / give /make sb. a quotation for /on sth.向某人报某价 Eg: This is the best quotation we can make for the supply of Mineral Ores. Eg: Its favorable for you to push the sales on the basis of our current quotations.,19Quote v.报价,37,make /send /give /submit sb. offer for /on sth.为某商品向某人发盘 Eg: Please make us a firm offer on 50 tons Bitter Apricot Kernels on CFR Vancouver basis.,20Offer n. & v. 报盘,38,实盘firm offer与虚盘non-firm offer,虚盘的常见表示方法： Subject to change without notice Subject to our final confirmation Subject to goods being unsold Subject to prior sale,Eg: This offer is /remain firm for five days. Eg: Our offer can be kept /held valid till October 30. v. 报价，报盘 offer （间接宾语）sb. （直接宾语） sth. Eg: We offer you these skins subject to their being unsold on receipt of your order. Eg: We cannot offer more than 100 tons of Walnut at present.,实盘一般标明有效期：validity（n.）,make sb. a bid at a price for sth. 为某物向某人递价 Eg: The Japanese buyers are unwilling to make a bid. You will try your best to get one from them. Eg: We made a bid at RMB 2300 per metric ton FOB EMP. v.出价，递价（直接宾语为价格） 常用句型：bid a price for sth. 为某物出价 Eg: Last time they bid US$ 1800 per ton for Green Tea ; this time they may do a little better. Eg: No other buyers have bid higher than this rate. 另：counterbid=counteroffer 还价，还盘,21.bid n. 递价，递盘,40,European Main Ports,as follows(=as what follows) 如下 Eg: The prices are quoted as follows: follow-up n. 续函 Eg: This is a follow-up to our letter of May 1. Following adj.& prep. 下列的，下述的，下面 Eg: The following pricelist is for your reference. Eg: The following is the point suggested.,22Follow v.跟随,41,Correspondence通信（a series of letters）,Eg: We noted from your cable that you are in urgent need of the subject article. 1）subject to以为条件，以为准，以为有效 Eg: We must point out that all the prices quoted are subject to our final confirmation. Eg: Our order is subject to your acceptance our terms of payment by D/P at sight. Eg: In reply, we are pleased to offer you as follows, subject to the goods being unsold. 2）在条件下 Eg: Weve received your order for Tennis Rackets , which we will accept subject to payment in advance. Eg: Our quotation is subject to prior sales.,23. Subject n. 主题，标题,42,虚 盘,Eg: Thanks to mutual efforts , we closed several big deals with them. v. 经营（具体商品） 常用短语：1）deal in(=trade in , handle) 经营 Eg: We deal in Chemicals , while they handle foodstuffs for export. 2）deal with 与交往，处理 Eg: They dont like to deal with dealers.,24Deal n. 交易(=transaction),43,Dealer（商人）,Wholesaler（批发商） Retailer （零售商）,place /book an order with sb. for sth. 向某人订购某物 Eg: Well place large orders with you for Dried Potato Slices if the initial shipment turns out satisfactory to us. Eg: Thanks you for your indent/order for “Flying Pigeon” Bicycles.,25Order n.订单，订购，所订购的货物,44,常用于出口的自行车品牌 “Forever”、Giant”、“Phoenix”,v. 订购，订(=indent v.) order sth. From sb. / indent on sb. for sth.某人订购某物 Eg: Well order from you 1000 Basketballs again at the same price as last. Eg: Weve indenting upon/on you for 20 cases Black Tea.,红茶 black tea 绿茶 green tea,Eg: The goods arrived in bad order.（情况不佳） Eg: Weve found the documents in order.（齐全无误） Egg: We can supply leather jackets made to order.（定制） Eg: The B/L should be made out to order and blank endorsed.（指示抬头，空白背书） Egg: On demand , please pay to the order of ourselves $ 2000.（指示人） Eg: For goods orders sake , the sellers send the S/C to the buyers , giving full of particulars of the goods sold , terms of payment , etc.（完备）,此外order在国际商业中还有其他用法,46,26Popular adj.受欢迎的、大众化的、流行的,Eg: Our products are very popular in MidEast countries. Eg: It is said your prices for these goods are popular. popularity n.受欢迎 常用短语：enjoy popularity 享盛誉，得众望，受欢迎 Eg: Chinese textiles , especially silk and cotton , have enjoyed popularity in North American market for some years.,在商业英语中，表达“畅销”的同义词还有： enjoy fast sales/favor sell fast/well command a good market/sale have/find a ready market/sale,27Favour n. 好感，赞许,Eg: More and more foreign people show favor to Chinese food. Eg: Your sample lot won our favor. Favorable adj. 赞成的，有利的，有帮助的 Eg: We are looking forward to your favorable reply. Eg: We are looking forward to a favorable opportunity to hold a business talk.,商业常用词组：in ones favor,1）以某人为受益人，以某人为抬头，开在某人名下(=to ones order) 2）对某人有利（=to ones interest） Eg: In whose favor are the goods to be invoiced? Eg: Please issue the L/C in favor of our Hubei Branch. Eg: Price is weak. It is entirely in buyers favor. Eg: The markets prevailing at home and abroad are in our favor at present.,28Need n. 需要，必要,Eg: There is no need to keep working on the counteroffer. Eg: The need for further details is quite urgent. 常用结构：to be in urgent need of sth. 急需某物 to be badly in need of Eg: As our client in New York is in great need of these velvet toys for Christmas season , please hurry all possible. Eg: We are in need of stationery now.,29Advantage n.,1)有利条件，优点 Eg: This new market opened up last year has many advantages. 2)优势，利益(=benefit, interest) Eg: In this respect , Japanese manufacturers have an advantage over their opponents in America. Eg: To let the matter drag on would be detrimental to our mutual advantage.,常用短语：take advantage of sth. 1)利用(=avail oneself of , make use of) 2)乘之便 Eg: We cannot take advantage of your offer as it is unacceptable to most buyers. Eg: We take advantage of this opportunity to express our thanks to you for your close cooperation.,30Interest n.,1) 兴趣，感兴趣之事 用短语：对感兴趣 show /take/ have interest in sth. Eg: We have interest in a few items in your catalogue. Eg: If you find our products of interest to you , please let us have your specific enquiry. Eg: We await with keen interest your comments on our new design. 2) 利益（多用复数） Eg: W