“动词不定式“高考考点归纳.doc

第九课 动词不定式 非谓语动词用法总诀： 不定式本领强，六种成分都能当；动名词不示弱，主宾表定用得上。两分词不想让，表定状补争亮相。主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如：To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.也可使用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末。例如：动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：1. It isadj./ n. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.2. It isadj.of sb.to do sth. 3. It takes sb.some timeto do sth. 二、作表语 动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构： My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is及The next step/ measure is 等。三、作宾语常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。注意：remember/forget/regret/mean/try/stop/cant help；need/want/require ；like/begin/start四、作宾补 可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, tell, want, wish, watch等。 hope, demand, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。例如：五、作定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。六、作状语 动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、结果。例如：作目的状语，还可以使用in order to或so as to。结果状语还可以使用enough to, tooto, soas to, such as to等结构。例如：一.不定式的形式主动形式被动形式一般现在式_完成式_进行式_二.不定式的用法：1不定式作_：.To say is one thing and to do is another. .To mention the wolfs name is to see the same. .To know everything is to know nothing. .To err is human.To know oneself is true knowledge _is true knowledge _.It is silly of him to do so.2不定式作宾语： (常接不定式作宾语的词/词组)agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等。 Note: 不定式作宾语也可用_ 作形式宾语，把真正的宾语置后。.Charming prince finds _ easy to be in love with Cinderella.3不定式作_:常见于下列句型.He got to the station only to find the train had gone. . Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to forget it. .He lifted a rock，only to drop it on his own feet. 4 with/without + 名词 + 不定式结构：在句子中通常起_的作用。.With so much work to do, I shall not be able to go to the cinema with you.With him to stay in the house, I feel quite safe.5不定式作 。 序数词、形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词需要用不定式作定语：如： 注意 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当的介词。如： Hes always the first to come and the last to leave. （主谓关系） She has a meeting to attend. （动宾关系=attend a meeting） Theres nothing to worry about. (动宾关系=worry about nothing) 6.用主动式表示被动含义的不定式 .The book is difficult to understand.There is nothing to worry about.三不定式的省略.What I want to do is (to) travel to Tibet on the national day. .All I want to do is (to) have a rest. Dont have the children trouble you.I heard someone open the door. He was made to go to bed early by his father. 基础自测题：1. Im hungry. Get me something _. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating 2. Whom would you rather have _with you, Mary or Jane? A. go； B. to go； C. gone； D. going； 3. Im sorry_that to your sister, but I didnt mean to hurt her. A. to say B. to have said C. saying D. having said 4. What is he doing? He seems_a letter. A. writing B. to write C. to be writing D. having written 5. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But_it,I had to read the entire book. A. to find B. find C. to be finding D. finding 6. All these gifts must be mailed immediately_ in time for Christmas. A in order to have received B in order to receive C so as to be received D so as to be receiving 7 .Dont forget to examine the test paper you have just finished_ the possible mistakes in it. A correcting B to correct C and corrected D having corrected 8. She could do nothing but_ to his teacher that he was wrong. A admit B admitted C admitting D to admit9. -What would I need, besides a sewingmachine ,_ a dress? -Some materials and a pair of scissors. A make B made C making D to make 10. Its necessary_some English grammar. A. for us students to learn B. for we students to learn C. of us students to learn D. for our students learning 11. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on 12. The problem _at tomorrows meeting is a very difficult one. A. being discussed B. discussed C. to be discussed D. to discuss 13. In order to make our city green,_. A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees 14. The teacher asked us_so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 15. You should have thanked her before you left. I meant_, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so 16. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good_.A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 17. Robert is said_abroad, but I dont know what country he studies in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 18. I usually go there by train. Why not _by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. try to go D. try going 19. She pretended_me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen20. _more information, call. A To find out B Finding out C Find out D Having found out各地高考模拟题：(2011北京海淀区期末)What else do we need for this trip besides food to eat and special clothes to wear?A tent_in.Asleep Bsleeping Cto sleep Dslept(2011北京西城区模拟)With a lot of tough problems_ _，the pilot was still calm，cool and collective under pressure.Asolve Bsolved Csolving Dto solve(2011北京东城区联考)What is the best way you can imagine _the overuse of water in our school?Areducing Bto reduce Creduced Dreduce(2011长沙模拟)Putting waste in different bins makes it eas