高考英语单项选择题初探.doc

领悟命题思路 探求应试策略高考英语单项选择题初探第一部分、看考题，领悟命题思路纵观近几年的高考，单项选择题几乎涵盖了大纲中所列的全部语法项目，强调对基础知识的考查，注重基本语法和词汇的运用能力。总起看来，命题思路有以下五个特点： 特点一：语境化与生活化 可以说，近几年高考英语题都在遵循着这样一个原则：不再单独地去考察某一个语法或词汇知识点，而是把考点放到一个生活化的语言环境中，体现特定语境中特定语言的含义或者是透过语境体会说话者的情感，突出语言运用能力。更值得注意的是，部分题型有意以时事为切入点进行题目设置，如奥运题材、抗震救灾题材，经济危机(the financial crisis)，大学生就业困难(unemployment pressures of university students)等，这些都充分体现了高考试题“与时俱进”贴近生活的特点。 例如： 1._around the water cube, we were then taken to see the birds nest for the 2008 olympic games. 2. dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake. 特点二：全面考察词汇和语法知识 词汇是英语学习的基础，而语法是构建语言的规则，所以词汇与语法知识一直是高考英语试题的必考内容。我们发现，单选题知识点比较全面，几乎覆盖了中学阶段的所有语法点与几大主要词类（动词、代词、连词、形容词、副词等），而且考查重点突出，没有偏题、怪题。联系整套试题，不难看出命题者“强调基础，注重能力”的理念贯穿始终。 特点三：动词仍然是考察重点 动词依然在考点中处于重要的地位，特别是与动词有关的时态、语态、助动词、情态动词、非谓语动词等项目。对动词的考查约占高考语法与词汇试题的50%以上。词汇辨析是高考单项填空的必考题，其中动词短语的词义辨析尤为突出。常见的思路有两种：1.同一动词搭配不同的介词；2.不同动词搭配相同的介词， 例如： 3.i m surprised to hear that sue and paul have _ . so am i. they seemed very happy together when i last saw them. a. broken up b. finished up c. divided up d. closed up 辨析：这属于第二种类。break up：（某物质）分解，（男女朋友）分手；finish up：完成，以结束；divide up：瓜分，分配；close up：靠近，阻塞，关闭，答案是a。 这类题给我们的复习指明了方向：我们不必死抠偏词怪词，而应该把注意力放在一些小词的运用上。 特点四：重语境逻辑关系理解 近年来高考题在考查学生语言基础知识，基本能力的同时，侧重考察对语境整体逻辑关系的理解，特别是上、下文的关系。例如: 4. nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _ of their parents. a. those b. one c. both d. that 辨析：如果理解了整句话的意思，即理顺上下文的关系，题目就能迎刃而解了。此句的含义是：十分之九的父母认为他们教育子女的方式与他们的父母以前教育他们的方式有很大的不同。compared with连接的是两个并列成分，前文出现的比较对象是their approach to educating their children，那后文也要与之相对应。很明显，只有that才能代指approach to educating children.答案选d。特点五、重交际用语考察 交际英语是中学英语教学的主要目标之一，也是历年高考的必考内容，它涉及的题材多、范围广，但总的来说有两大类：一般交际和情景交际。一般交际占大多数，情景交际的考点主要集中在就餐、电话、购物等日常交往中最常用的话题。近年来高考题越来越注重对语言交际功能的考查，而且不拘泥于一些俗套的表达方式，常截取英美人日常生活中的习惯用语，出得较为灵活且紧贴实际 。例如： 5. - bill, can i get you anything to drink? - _ .a. you are welcome b. no problem c. i wouldnt mind a coffee d. doesnt matter 辨析：经常看美剧的同学可能会马上反映出来这样一个场景：一个朋友去另外一个朋友家做客，主人问他想喝什么，如果他想喝咖啡，他并不是简单地问答：i want a cup of coffee，这时老外喜欢用一个否定形式再加一个负向的词表达一种肯定的概念，如这里的wouldnt mind a coffee是表示你可以和我来一杯咖啡。类似的场景有：一个朋友和他的另一个朋友在讨论最新出的一部好莱坞大片，如果已经看过的那个朋友觉得电影特别好看，想推荐他的朋友也去看的话，他极有可能用：its a crime you missed it (如果你错过这部电影的话将是一种罪过)这里就是很典型的用两个表示负向的词(crime miss ) 来表达“你真应该去看看”这种肯定的概念，而不是象我们绝大部分中国考生想象的用：you really should go to see it. 所以该题答案选c。 第二部分、找规律，探求应试策略理解并领悟高考题的命题思路，我们不妨在应试策略方面注意以下几点，你一定会受益匪浅。 一、领悟语境，轻松应对各形式考点的考查。 例6 i just cant stop worrying about the result of the job interview. _. theres nothing you can do now but wait. a. relax b. go ahead c. go for it d. good luck 例7 im sure andrew will win the first prize in the final. i think so. he _ for it for months. a. is preparing b. was preparing c. had been preparing d. has been preparing 例8 _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. a completing b complete c completed d to complete 解析：例6，根据语境可知第一个说话者太紧张了，因此第二个人劝对方放 松点，耐心等待，故选a。 例 7，从对话语境可知，prepare这一动作从过去一直持续到说话的现在，故用现在完成进行时，即have been doing。因此正确答案为d。例8，从句意“为了按计划完成这项工程，我们必须每天多工作两个小时。”不定式to do 在句子中作目的状语。因此正确答案为d。 备考策略1：单选题非常强调语境，离开语境，词汇和语法就失去了生命力。这就要求同学们在掌握了基本词汇和语法知识点的同时，要培养在语境中对语言意义的领悟、判断与运用能力。注意语言的功能和使用场景，不死记硬背。应善于寻找词汇、短语之间的联系，结合语境，在理解的基础上熟记典型例句和常用搭配，把单词融入句子和语境中，利用上下文来帮助理解掌握。二、突破词汇语法关，顺利应对基础题例9 there are plenty of jobs _ in the western part of the country. a. present b. available c. precious d. convenient 例10 students are always interested in finding out _ they can go with a new teacher. a. how far b. how soon c. how often d. how long 解析：例9考查通过句意选择同类词中恰当的形容词。通过句意及语境可知，正确答案是b。 例10考查通过句意和语境选择how构成的副词短语。how far 多远，表“距离”；how soon 多久以后，表“将来”；how often 多长时间一次，表“频率”；how long 多久，表“时间”。本题正确答案为d。 备考策略2：解决词汇问题的一个基本方法也是最重要的方法还是多记忆。词汇量不足是历届考生共同面临的一大问题。所以建议考生必须掌握考试大纲规定的词汇，这是参加高考的保底线。词汇复习时要注意全面，要把注意力放在最基本、最常用的词汇上。对于常用的重点单词，特别是动词、形容词、副词以及借此惯用搭配，应放在短语中去记忆，这样就可解决应用问题。复习时要做到词不离短语、词不离句子，记忆单词应和阅读结合起来，要总结规律，并根据自己的记忆特点，选择科学的记忆方法。例如，除了理解语境记忆单词外，学习英语构词法，了解英语词汇的构成特点，也能迅速扩大自己的词汇量。同样，在单选题方面也不要选择做一些很偏、怪的题，要注重基本，不钻牛角尖；掌握知识要全面，不盲目。需要强调的是，在考试之前，同学们应把高中三年的英语单词拿出来再温习一遍，进行巩固记忆，能收到事半功倍的效果。 在词汇复习的过程中，语法运用与复习也贯穿始终；建议语法按模块进行复习，按照词法到句法的顺序地毯式的把高中语法过一遍；同时结合大量的真题练习，在理解语境的基础上，吃透语法，夯实基础，逐步提高。三、理结构定句型，攻破从句考点 ，读懂上下文例11 ill give you my friends home address, _i can be reached most evenings. a. which b. when c. whom d. where 例12 nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in sydney last year. a. that b. which c. when d. where 例13 as his best friend, i can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think. a what b which c whom d that 解析：例11考查定语从句关系词的选择。答案为d。 例12是when 引导的一个时间状语从句，有些同学可能会受到sothat句式的影响，而选that。但so that 意为“如此以至于”，与语境不符。故选择c。 例13句中about后面缺少宾语，正确答案为a。 备考策略3：在高考英语试题中，对复合句（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句）的考查年年都有所体现。有些选择题的句子结构复杂，迷惑性大，稍有疏忽，便会受到干扰项的干扰，这时需要仔细分析，弄清句子的结构，理解上下文逻辑关系。为了快捷，准确地理解题意，我们应该去掉句子中的插入语或附加成分，这样就可以迅速地找出句子的主干，理清句子的结构；根据近几年高考的考查重点和趋势，从句类试题可以分为以下几大类：连接词考查类、wh-ever辨析类、从句语序类、强调句整合类等。因此，考生应在复习做题时，仔细审题，在尊重语境的前提下，牢记引导各个从句的从属连词，注意不要忽略从句中可能涉及的省略、倒装、固定句式等相关问题。弄清上下文的逻辑关系，才可能迅速准确地理解语境。 四、确立句子意识，特殊句式巧处理。例14 it was in new zealand _ elizabeth first met mr. smith. a. that b. how c. which d. when 例15 only when i left my parents for italy_ how much i loved them. a. i realized b. i had realized c. had i realized d. did i realize 解析：例14考查强调句的用法。本题所要强调的是地点状语in new zealand，因此正确答案是a。例15考查only位于句首主句倒装的用法。正确答案为d。 备考策略4：高考单选试题中的特殊句式是十分常见的。同学们在复习备考时，要将特殊句式列入重要复习清单中。要会巧妙的辨别和处理特殊句式：遇到长句、难句时，我们可先简化句子，去掉枝叶，这样才能拨开云雾；其次改变句式结构使之成为学生熟悉的句子，例如有些句子由于句式特殊，干扰了学生的判断视线和解题思路，如：疑问句、省略句、强调句、被动句等，只有将原句式“复原”，答案就很容易找到了。掌握了特殊句式，对于理清上下文逻辑关系，快速准确把握语境也是非常重要的。五，多积累，多运用，交际用语顺口过例16. excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bank is, please? _ . oh yes! it is past the post office, next to a big market. a. mm, let me think. b. oh, i beg your pardon? c. youre welcome. d. what do you mean? 解析 从下文的“oh yes”可知，前面应该是表示一个思考的过程，其它选项无此意，故选a。 例17. i wonder if i could possibly use your car for tonight? _ . im not using it anyhow. a. sure; go ahead b. i dont know c. yes; indeed d. i dont care 解析 a表示毫不犹豫地去干某事，译为“说吧、走吧、干吧”，此处为委婉请求的答语，表示“用吧”，根据上下文该选a。备考策略5 情景交际题往往通过创设语境，考查同学们在具体的语言环境中运用所学的英语知识来交流思想、表达观点的能力。情景交际题通常以对话形式出现，题干长，灵活性大。在学习和复习过程中要注意全面细致，不要疏漏；同时应把复习的重点放在一些最常用的交际用语中，掌握日常英语的表达法，包括正式、非正式以及特殊的表达法等。在答题时，有时并不需要复杂的语法知识，而关键在于要弄懂题干的语境条件，再理解所给选项的大意，并结合平时了解和掌握的有关英语国家的一些背景知识及各种情况下有关口语应答的知识，就不难判断出正确的答案。 要做好情景交际题，平时应该多留心、多积累、培养语感，提高在具体语境下的语言应变能力，同时要求学生对西方文化有所了解，建议考生平时多接触原汁原味的英语，如看英文电影，听英文歌，浏览英文网站和杂志等。从而提高情景交际类题目的解题水平。第三部分 小结与提醒小结：高考英语单项选择题是体现英语学科特点，反映考生基本语言知识和语言运用能力的一种必考题型；强调基础，注重运用是该题型最显著的特点。只要考生掌握了扎实牢固的基础知识（词汇和语法等），坚持多读、多写、多练、多用、多反思、多总结规律，并紧密联系语境，运用科学的解题方法，就一定能取得骄人的成绩。特别提醒1：高考英语备考必须十分重视英语学习的知识体系。备考过程不应是对已学知识的简单重复和强化，而应将中学六年所学的零散的、孤立的语言知识有机地结合起来，形成一个完整的知识体系。备考要有广度和一定的深度，但反对题海战术，题不在多，典型就行；题不在难，思考就灵；学会理解语境，运用语境，离开具体语境的词和语法都是没有生命力的。特别提醒2：在紧张的复习过程中，同学们可以把近几年的高考题做一下。:因为高考题的特点就是覆盖面广，难易适当。如果可能的话，可以在老师的帮助下，将近两年高考和模拟题中有关动词时态语态、情景交际、情态动词、非谓语动词等题按语法进行分类汇总，既可以进一步巩固大量高考常考点，又可以了解高考对考点知识掌握程度的要求，还可以把握解题方法，培养解题规律感和解题悟性。更重要的是，还能大幅度提高复习的针对性和命中率。特别提醒3高考英语单项选择题的常见解题失误 1.不能摆脱母语干扰。 2.不能摆脱思维定势。 3.不注意分析题干。 4.忽略关键信息词。 5.忽略（空格前后）附加信息第四部分、强化训练1. the trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. a being blown down b blown down c blowing down d to blow down2.whats that noise?oh, i forgot to tell you. the new machine_. a was tested b will be tested c is being tested d has been tested3. do you mind if i record your lecture?_. go ahead.a never mind b no way c not at all no, youd better not. 4. many chinese universities provided scholarships for students _ financial aid. a in favor of b in honor of c in face of d in need of5. for many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ new york is an example. a for which b in which c of which d from which6. all people，_ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. a even if b whether c no matter d however 7. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. a fail b failed c to fail d having failed 8. it was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site. a that b when c while d as9.the lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _ the season. a whatever b wherever c whenever d however10 a small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more space for baggage. once b because c if d unless11.is it all right if i keep this photo？_.a. no，you dont b. no, it shouldnt c. im afraid not d. dont keep it12.tom was about to close the windows _his attention was caught by a bird. a. when b. if c. and d. till13.my mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons.a. put away b. put up c. put on d. put together14. barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only of the women who _ evening dress.a. wear b. wears c. has worm d. have worm 15have you finished the book？ no. ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.a. which b. what c. that d. where16.though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome。a. surprise b was surprised c. surprised d. being surprised17. neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth thing over between them。a. others b. the other c. another d. one other 18. the island is _ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.a. partly b. merely c. nearly d. equally 19. the doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.a. this b. that c. one d. it 20. linda ，make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive.a. be set b. set c. are set d. are setting 21. i refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.a. who b. that c. as d. what 22. im afraid mr. harding _ see you now . hes busy.a. cant b. mustnt c. shouldnt d. neednt 23.can i help you? are you looking for anything in particular today？_， were just looking.a.yes， please b. no, thank you c. yes ，you can d. no, you neednt24. excuse me. i i was blocking you r way.a. didnt realize b. dont realize c. havent realized d. wasnt realizing25. mr. black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been .a. popular b. more popular c. most popular d. the most popular26.the old temple _ roo f was damaged in storm is now under repair. a. where b. which c. its d. whose27. the cost of renting a house in central xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.a.that b. this c. it d. one 28. whats the noise ? it sounds as if it comes from upstairs. _ .it must be the window-cleaner working , next door. a.im not sure b. i hope not c.id rather not d. i dont think so 29 you look well . the air and the sea foods in sanya must _ you , i suppose. a.agree with b.agree to c. agree on d. agree about 30.if we _ the other road ,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. a.take b.had taken c.took d. have taken31._ from the top of the tower ,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees . a.seen b.seeing c.have seen d. to see32.john opened the door . there _ he had never seen before. a.a girl did stand b. a girl st