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大 学 英 语 四 级 听 力 技 巧 通过对历年试卷的听力部分所作的题项分析,充分表明考生听力的高低完全取决 于他们是否具备了以下 4 个方面的基础: 一. 坚实的语言基础 二. 一定的文化背景知识 三. 基本的听力技能 四. 正确有效的听音习惯 听力材料的选材原则一般基于以下三点: 一. 对话部分为校园生活中的一般对话,句子结构和内容不太复杂. 二. 短文部分的材料是题材熟情节不太复杂的故事、讲话或叙述等. 三. 所用词汇不超过教学大纲词汇表规定的范围. 听力内容: 1. 短对话 (Short conversation) 2. 长对话 (Long conversation) 3. 短文 (Passages) 4. 复合式听写 (Compound dictation) 注意事项: 1. 保持良好的心态,头脑要冷静,一个题听不懂不要过多纠缠。 善于利用时间: (1)播放考场指令时,题目说明和例句时. (2)题与题之间的 13 秒间隔利用好. 阅读选项,猜测谈话话题和可能问的问题:听前从所给的文字材料和答案选项 等线索中发现一些背景信息,力求缩小谈话者的话题,它能帮助考生搞清所听内容的类 型和结构甚至主题。考生听的时候可避免过分注重每个单词从而影响对全篇中心思想的 理解。考生应抢时间阅读试卷上的选项,争取主动,以便在听音时有针对性。根据选项 猜测问的是时间、地点、人物、金钱、还是计划、打算、状态等等。 2. 阅读选项要一目十行,提高效率:听力不像阅读,它是单向性的、一次性的。 时间有限,提高阅读选项的速度。 3.手耳并用,简单做笔记:录音中的细节,如重要的数字、人物、地名等,仅大脑 记忆很难完全记住。因此,考试中可以有目地的、有选择的加以记录,以便听完录音后 能快速准确的选出答案。 4.多做真题。十多年来的每年两度的四级考试,光是真题就积累了几十套了。这些 真题的命题还是很有规律可循的。要找四级的感觉,就得多做真题。 一简短对话部分: 简短对话的形式:一般是男士说一句,女士说一句,然后根据他们的对话内容由第 三方提出一个问题。该部分一般是日常生活中的对话,即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、 生活等话题,场景可分为校园、公共场所(银行、机场、医院等)、家庭、办公室等方 面。每题 1 分。 简短对话的类型:按照简短对话的内容或句型,我们可以把该部分分为以下类型: 问对话发生的地点和场所: Where does the conversation most probably take place? Where does this conversation most likely occur? Where are the two speakers? 不同的场景下人们交谈用语也不同,例如: 校园:campus, dorm, library (renew the books 续借, overdue 过期, pay a fine 交罚款, bookshelf), lab, canteen, roommate, professor, semester, term, pass, fail, exam, course, credit(学分) , resume,tutor, graduate, presentation, speech, report, lecture, paper, scholarship 奖学金等。 银行:open an account 开账户 , cash the check 兑换支票, buy travelers check 购买旅 行支票, ATM/automatic machine, draw/deposit money 取钱/存钱, balance 余额, savings 储 蓄/存款等。 餐馆:menu, a table for two, a table in the corner/by the window, full, on diet, treat, order, course, salad, wine, dessert,waiter, reserve, take order(点酒水、点菜)等。 机场:board, flight, gate number( 登机门号码), check in(登记; 报到), boarding pass( 登 机证) , seat-belt 等。 交通:due to arrive (预计到达), fast train(快车) , non-stop train(直达列车), xx minutes late, postpone, delay, break down(损坏, 发生故障), traffic jam, flat tire(轮胎没 气), speeding(超速行驶 ), pay a fine(交罚款)等。 医院:Do you have an appointment? Whats the matter with you? take ones temperature 测量体温, have a fever, have a sore throat 嗓子痛, keep coughing, toothache, headache, physician 内科医生, surgeon 外科医生, doctor, nurse, operation-room, emergency room 急诊室, ward 病房 , visiting hours 探视时间, prescribe 开 (处方), pill 药片, capsule 胶囊 等。 邮局:business hours 营业时间, parcel 包裹, postage 邮费, letter, stamp 等。 家庭:darling, sweet heart 之类的比较亲近的称谓语,watch TV, fix the washing machine, grocery 杂货店, mow the lawn 给草坪割草 , sofa, kitchen, dining-room 餐厅, have a bath 等。 旅馆:check in/out 登记/付账后离开, make a reservation 预订房间, register, reception desk 接待 处/ 前台等。 找房子:价格高,太吵,难找 询问对话发生的地方这样的问题的答案选项一般是由介词 in 或 at 后面加一个地点 构成的。如: M: How many hours are you taking this semester? W: Eighteen, plus two hours of lab. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In a bank. C. At an office. D. In a university. 该题的关键词是 semester 和 lab. 提问人物关系或人物的身份: 此类对话提供一个情节,能反映所涉及的人的关系或身份,关键词可以参考第 1 点 中列出的。 (1) 问人物的关系: Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers? 如: M: Good evening, Madam. There is a table for two over there. This way, please. W: Thank you. Could I see the menu, please? Q: Whats the relationship between the man and woman? A. Husband and wife. B. Waiter and customer. C. Salesman and customer. D. Host and guest. 该题的关键词是 menu 和 Madam. (2) 问人物的职业身份:Who is the man/the woman? 如: M: According to your ad in this mornings paper, you have an apartment for rent. W: Yes, I have. Its on the second floor. Would you like to have a look? Come this way, please. Q: Who is the woman? A. A bank clerk. B. A secretary. C. A landlady. D. A doctor. 该题的关键词是 an apartment for rent 和 ad. 计算类。一般涉及时间和价钱的运算。 (1)问活动发生的时间或具体几点。该类的题一般不会直接告诉我们时间,会涉 及到时间的一些简单的加减运算。要注意一些关键词,如:a quarter (to/past), half (past), daily, weekly, fortnight 两星期等。 W: Bob, are you going straight home after school today? M: No. I have a class until one oclock, and after that Im going to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home. Q: When is Bob going home this afternoon? A. Around 5:00. B. Around 3:00. C. At 2:00. D. At 1:00. 本题的关键是 until one oclock,和 to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home。 (2) 商品的价格。该类的题也涉及到一些简单的加减乘除运算。要注意一些关键 词,如:10% off, discount, double, half the price, couple 两件事物/ 一对一双, pair, dozen, a real bargain 价 钱便宜, on sale 出售;贱卖,change 零钱/找回的钱等。 尤其要注意单件商品的价格,买多件商品是否优惠,找零,以及最后的问题是说话 人要付的钱、单件商品的价格、还是买若干商品需要付的钱。如: W: Heres a ten-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show, please. M: Sure. Two tickets and heres a dollar forty cents change. Q: How much does one ticket cost? A. $ 8.60. B. $ 4.30 C. $ 6.40. D. $ 1.40 本题的关键是 ten-dollar bill, two tickets, a dollar forty cents change. 人物的计划或打算。 这类问题中第一个说话人往往会提出一种观点或提议或建议,要仔细听第二个说 话人是同意还是反对。 (1) 第二个说话人同意第一个人的观点或提议或建议. 如: W:You need a rest. Youve finished your exams. So why dont you go away somewhere for a long weekend? M: Thats a good idea. Perhaps Monica will come with me. Q: What will the man probably do? A. To have a good rest. B. To see Monica. C. To go abroad for the weekend. D. To take an exam. 本题的关键是 Thats a good idea,说明第二个说话人同意第一个说话人的观点。 (2)第二个说话人不同意第一个人的观点或提议或建议,大多数情况下是礼貌委 婉地表达自己的不同意见,所以要特别注意:如: M: Mary, would you like to go to the movies with me after dinner? W: Well, Ill go if you really want me to, but Im rather tired. Q:What can we learn from the conversation? A. The woman does not want to go to the movies. B. The man is too tired to go to the movies. C. The woman wants to go to the movies. D. The man wants to go out for dinner. 本题的关键是but 人物的感觉状态。 除了根据说话人的语气判断之外,对话中出现的关键词可能有:excited, disappointed, overjoyed, relieved, upset, unhappy, blue, depressed, relaxed, anxious, tense 紧 张的, worried,angry 等。 W: Werent you nervous when the professor called on you in class? M: Id say I was shaking all over. Q: How did the man feel when he was called on? A. Worried and frightened. B. Very relaxed C. Quite unhappy. D. Angry with the professor. 本题的关键是 I was shaking all over. 交通或交通工具。 该类的对话一般涉及交通工具晚点或交通出现了某些问题。 对于交通工具晚点的问题,有时会谈论正点时间和推延的时间,然后再说原因。 这类题的关键词是:be caught in a traffic jam, the rush hour 交通高峰时间, flat tire, break down, traffic accident, behind schedule 晚点, due 到期的等。 W: Im sorry, sir. The train is somewhat behind schedule. Take a seat, and Ill tell you as soon as we know something definite. M: Thank you. Ill just sit here and read a magazine in the meantime. Q: What can we conclude about the train from the conversation? A. The train is crowded. B. The train is late. C. The train is empty. D. The train is on time. 本题的关键是 behind schedule. 请求或建议。 表示请求的句型一般有:Can you? Would you? Would you mind ? 表示建议的句型一般有:If I were you, Id Shall we? Why not? Perhaps we should. It would be better ifHow about ? M: Can I use your new car, Auntie? W: Yes, of course, if you drive it carefully. Q: Whats the aunts answer? A. She agrees to lend him the car. B. She offers him the car. C. She refused to lend him the car. D. She is pleased to lend him the car. 本题的关键是 Yes, of course,虽然后面又附加了条件 if you drive it carefully. 释义、替换或上下义。 该类对话的选项中会用单词替换或解释对话人表达的意思,同时考查听力和词汇。 W: Have you finished reading my research report? I put it on your desk last week. M: Yes, but you have to revise some parts of it, if you want to get it published. Q: What does the man suggest that the woman should do? A. Put her report on his desk. B. Read some papers he recommended. C. Mail her report to the publisher. D. Improve some parts of her paper. 本题的关键是理解 revise 的同义词是 improve. M: Nancy, why were you late today? W: I overslept and missed the bus. Q: Why was Nancy late? A. She got up later than usual. B. The bus was late. C. She forgot she had class. D. Her clock was slow. overslept 也就是 got up later than usual。 有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类,但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握。 如: M: Let me see. Ive printed my family name, first name, date of birth and address. Anything else? W: No, thats all right. Well fill in the rest of it if you just sign your name at the bottom. Q: What has the man been doing? A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form. C. Talking with a friend. D. Asking for information. 上义词为概括性词语,下义词所表示的则是具体的东西。本题中能够概括男士所做 之事的应该是选项 B。 人物对某件事物的观点或态度,或考生从对话中能获得什么信息或结论。 该类的题难度较大,类型也比较繁多复杂。需要考生全面理解对话内容。 What does the man mean (imply) ? What does the womans answer suggest? What can we learn from the conversation? What can be concluded from this conversation? W: You seem to have a lot of work to do at your office. Youre always staying late and working overtime. M: Thats true. But its no bother to me. The work is interesting. I dont mind working extra hours at all. Q: How does the man feel about his job? A: He enjoys it very much. B: He doesnt care much about it. C: He doesnt mind even though its tedious. D. He hates working overtime. 本题的关键是 The work is interesting. 询问对方的观点和态度问题中有一大类是含有虚拟语气的。该类型一直是英语四级 热门考点。这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能,根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如: W: Im thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think its worth seeing? M: Well, I wish I had been there. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before. C. The man doesnt like Austin. D. The man has been to Austin before. I wish I had been there.说明说话人没有去过。 含“but“的题型 该题型中第二人的答话由两部分组成,先是一个简单的短句,后是一个较长的句 子,短句和长句之间用 but 连接.but 后的长句是答案的关键. 表示同意与肯定的常用语(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特别注意的表达方法) 1同意或肯定对方陈述的观点 如:Tony is very hard-working. 表示同意的常用语就有: (1) With no doubt.当然;无疑地 (2) There is no denying. (3) * I cant agree more.我太同意了 2. 对询问观点的句子的肯定回答 如: How was the concert? 表示肯定的常用语就有: (1) Not bad. (2) It was terrific! (3) It was amazing! (4) It was fantastic! (5)* Ive never been to a better one. 3同意帮助对方 如:Can you help me with the math problem? (1) No problem. (2) You can count on me. (3) Its a piece of cake. (4) Sure. 4. 同意对方的提议 如:Shall we go to the seaside for the weekend? (1)* Why not? (2)* I really cant wait. (3)Thats what I have in mind. 表示怀疑与否定的常用语 (*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特别注意的表达方法) 1怀疑与否定对方陈述的观点 如:Tony is very hard-working. 表示否定的常用语就有: (1) Are you kidding? (2) I know you dont mean it. (3) He is by no means hard-working. (4) He is anything but hard-working. (5) * He is the last man that I think hard-working. 2. 对询问观点的句子或知识性的问题的否定回答 (1) 对询问观点的句子 如: How was the concert? 表示否定的常用语就有: Ive never been to a worse one. Just so-so. It sent me to sleep. I couldnt help dozing off. It was a waste of time and money. *Well, I should have stayed at home. (2) 对知识性的问题 如: Who invented the computer? Who knows? It is beyond me. * It is at the tip of my tongue 3.拒绝帮助对方 如:Can you help me with the math problem? (1) You are driving me mad. (2) I dont want to be interrupted before I finish my term paper. (3) * Id like to, but Ive got an appointment with a professor at two oclock. (4) * I wish I could, but I afraid that Ive got to rush now. (5)*Im afraid I just ran out of time. 4. 拒绝对方的提议或要求 (1) 拒绝对方的提议 如:Shall we go to the seaside for the weekend? Id like to, but my paper is due next Monday. Ill go if you really want me to, but I want to have a good rest at home. (2) 拒绝对方的要求 如: Try not to make mistakes in your exam. * Well, easier said than done. 否定句型在这类题型中,最重要的线索是抓住否定性的关键词。值得注意的是这类 题一般都不是以明显的否定方式出现的,所以需要考生多加注意。包含否定性的关键有: 否定副词和形容词:hardly, rarely, little, seldom, few, never 等。 否定代词和连词:nothing, nobody, neither, nor, none 等。 否定前缀和否定后缀:im-, un-, dis-, non-, -less 等。 表否定意义的其他词:fail, miss, avoid, deny, refuse, doubt, far from, anything but, instead of, rather than 等。 二.长对话(Long conversations) 听力长对话(Long Conversations)的长度一般在 6-20 句之间,字数在 120-250 字 之间。针对每篇长对话的问题可能会有 2-5 个。与短对话相比,长对话涉及的内容更深 入,人物态度,语气,情感变化更复杂,一般不能简单依赖某个关键词来判断整篇对话 的含义。一人一句的短对话涉及的只是一个点,而长对话涉及的是一个面。短对话的答 案一般是显而易见的,而长对话有时更依赖于推断和判断。尽管如此,长对话必然有一 个中心议题,中心议题正是该面的凝聚点,对话双方都是围绕该中心而展开话题,对于 长对话而言,做出正确选择的关键就是把握住对话的中心思想。 由于对话较多,长对话的场景就显得格外重要,准确判断对话的场景(situation), 对把握对话的中心思想是非常有帮助的。这里所谈到的场景,是指人物,身份或职业, 议论的问题,时间,地点等等的综合概念。清晰的场景会在考生头脑中形成氛围,容易 把握对话的发展脉络,使对话情节的发展更加顺理成章。 对长对话的题型分析,不易于采取诸如:关键词,因果关系,But 转折,情感,态 度等分类方法。根据多年的实践经验,依据场景的不同,对长对话进行分类,有助于考 生对面的把握能力的提高。下面是对长对话经常涉及到的几种情况做了归类,主要分成 三大类:学习相关类,生活相关类和工作相关类。顾名思义,学习相关类与学习有密切 联系,比如:选课,考试,论文等;生活相关类主要涉及到家庭,校院生活,娱乐,运 动等;生活相关类多是找工作,面试等题材。下面列举几个常用典型场景的题型。 学习相关类 学习相关类往往是长对话的重点。内容粗略可分为教务场景,选课场景,补课场景 和论文场景等。 (1)教务场景 场景人物:由教师(导师)或学监等教务人员向学生说明一些学校课程的安排情况。 场景涉及内容:学期计划,调课信息,考试安排,课程介绍等。 解题思路:教务人员总是细致地描述各项事务的细节问题,时间,地点,计划推迟 或变更的原因往往是考查的重点。 经常出现的问题和答案 Q: Who is the speaker? A: teacher, professor, instructor 教师, advisor 顾问 Q: When does the talk take place? A: at the beginning (in the middle, at the end of the semester) Q: Where does the talk take place? A: classroom, lecture hall 大讲堂 Q: What is the topic? A: changes in the schedule, the schedule of this semester, exam schedule, information about a course 常用的词汇和词组:midterm 期中考试, finals, count for 50% of your score, class discussion, seminar 研讨会 , workshop(讲习班), take attendance( 点名), elementary, intermediate, advanced 等。 (2)选课场景 场景人物:师生之间或学生之间谈论选课的话题 场景涉及的内容:学生是否有资格选某一门课,对于老师的谈论,课程的难易程度, 选某一门课的好处和坏处。 解题思路:学生觉得课程太难,负荷太重。 1、常用的词汇和词组:required, compulsory, elective, selective, optional, course, description, catalog, bulletin 公告,布告, prerequisite course(预修课程), preliminary course(预备课程 ), such a heavy load, excellent reputation, drop a course(退修课程)等。 (3)补课场景 场景人物:同学之间补课。 场景涉及的内容:通常是某学生因为某些原因迟到或旷课了,事后找另一个同学补 课,所以必会牵扯到专业内容。 解题思路:迟到或旷课的学生大多是男生,帮他补课的一般是女生。男生在补课过 程中常会问一些愚蠢问题,而女生将一一给与澄清。结尾处,男生会感叹不上这堂课很 遗憾 经常出现的问题和答案: Q: Why was the man late for class? (Why did the man ask the woman about the lecture?) A: He overslept (was sick, had some trouble with his car, had to go to see the doctor, dentist, had an emergency) Q: What confused the man? A: 专业课的内容。 Q: What does the man promise to do at last? A: He will not be late again (oversleep again) 常用的词汇和词组:fill sb. in (暂代某人), Youve really lost me there(你真的让我糊 涂了), make sense, miss a pretty important class, clarify the misunderstanding, check the notes 等。 (4)论文场景 场景人物:教授与学生,或者学生之间进行讨论。 场景涉及的内容:讨论论文写作的相关事宜,比如:论文题目,查找资料等等。 解题思路:论文的题目难以确定,资料太难找(题目太偏,查不到资料;题目太大, 要查的资料太多,太杂)。 常用的词汇和词组:explore the topic, published resources, bibliography/reference 参考 书目, intellectual dishonesty, plagiarism(剽窃), get an early start, gather materials 等。 生活相关类 包括体育场景,娱乐场景,租房场景等。 (1)体育场景 场景人物:同学,朋友或家庭成员一起出去郊游。 场景涉及的内容:往往是一些热门的运动,如 cycling, rock climbing 攀岩, skiing. 解题思路:目的不在于比赛,而是好玩,健身,交友。一些运动,如 cycling,往 往是以 team, club 或 association 的形式存在的。 常用的词汇和词组:ski, boots 靴子, pole 杆 , outdoors, get in great shape, ensure the safety, first aid(急救), check the trails, physical education, belts 腰带, patience, mental discipline 心智 训练, expert riders, starting line 起跑线 , relay station 中继站等。 (2)娱乐场景 场景人物:同学,朋友或家庭成员。 场景涉及的内容:包括郊游,参加运动,听音乐会,谈论玩的计划等。 解题思路:一般说到娱乐,常见的项目有 go on a picnic, hiking trip, camping trip, go to a concert, see a movie, play the ball, ski, traveling 等。 常见的词汇和词组:enjoy, good day, take a break, relax, reserve a court(预定一个球场) , a night-out, take your mind off your test, fair weather 等。 (3)租房场景 场景人物:房东,住户 场景涉及的内容:和房东的相处甚至讨价还价。对房子的评价,包括价格,地理位 置,也常常涉及到租房子的过程。 解题思路:学生一般倾向于找价格低的房子,所以房子的条件一般比较差,经常会 出一些毛病;由于房子紧张,找房子,租房子的过程往往很不容易。 常用的词汇和词组:roommate, dormitory, deposit, live on, off campus 在校外, utilities, heating costs 供暖 费用, temporary accommodation 临时居所, landlord 房东, apartment, sublet 转租, dishwasher, messy, a leaky faucet(漏水的水龙头), tenant 房客, afford 等。 工作相关类 (1)应聘(面试)场景 常景人物:聘方人员和应聘者。 场景涉及的内容:对于某种工作的态度和评价,应聘该工作的条件,如何办理相关 手续,工资待遇和工作环境,工作时间等。 解题思路:应聘者介绍自己的情况,如:教育背景,特长等,聘方人员一般要介绍 工作的性质,工资待遇以及上下班时间。 常用的词汇和词组:teaching assistant 助教, research assistant 助理研究员, lab assistant 实验助手, administrative assistant 行政助理 , waiter, waitress, nanny/babysitter, dishwashing, formalities 手 续, application procedure 申请程序, reference, salary, wage, demand physical endurance, precareer training(岗前培训), permanent employment 铁饭碗/ 终身偏用, stipend 薪金, bonus 奖金, part-time job 等。 应试技巧 概括地说,要听好长对话,必须做到以下五点: (1)通过预读选项信息,能迅速把握它们的内在联系,从而预测所听对话材料的 基本内容,并且从各个问题间的内在联系提炼出对话的中心思想,更好地理解个检测点 的细节。下面两点值得特别关注:a.注意重复的词语,这些词通常会给你一些线索,还 会帮助你回忆起你在题目中听过的名称;b.注意各个选项中的不同点,注意一些不同的 名字,地点及不同的动词,这些不同之处将会帮你确定这道题中哪些是你要听的关键。 (2)排除明显错误的选项。及时排除明显错误的选项,将有助于你提高正确率。 (3)把握做题的节奏。做题的节奏在听力中比在其他部分要重要得多,每一项提 问的时间间隔都是相同的,这就暗示着答题的节奏感。做到答题的节奏与提问的节奏相 一致,一旦答题的节奏落后了,就会手忙脚乱,出错的几率大大增加。 (4)提高短期记忆能力,学会脑笔同记,边听边记和一系列适用自己的记忆方法。 (5)熟悉各种固定的提问形式,根据对话的发展预测可能提出的问题。 三.短文(Passages) 短文听力的提问方式有最常见的有以下 4 种类型。 1.中心思想题。这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。 提问方式有:What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from this passage? What is the best title for this passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the speaker talking about?等等。 做这一类题时一定要注意集中精力听好短文的开头,因为四级听力短文一般会开门 见山,把中心思想置于文章的开头。另外,如果文中反复出现同一词汇或同一类词汇, 同样也值得我们特别注意,因为包含有这类词汇的选项能较好地体现中心思想,通常就 是正确答案。 2.事实细节题。所考察的细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物或事件、各种数字等, 问题一般为 wh-question 的形式。 这类题要求我们听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感,及时做好笔记; 另外,文中一旦出现以因果连词(如 because, so, due to 等)和转折连词(如 but, however, though 等) 引导的句子也要格外留心,这些地方往往就是考点。 3.对错判断题。这类题常用以下提问方式:Which of the following is true/not true, according to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned?等等。听到这类题时, 一定要听清提问,对于有没有 not 一词要弄清楚。一般情况下, not 一词会重读。 4.推理推测题。这类题需要对文中的信息进行分析推断,才能作出正确的选择。提 问方式有:What can be infer from the passage? What does the speaker think about the problem.? What does the speaker most concerned about? How does the writer feel about.? 等等。 做这类题时一定要注意与短文内容一样的不是推断,而且一定要根据短文的观点而 不是根据自己的观点来推断。 解题技巧 四级中的短文听力主要考查考生对语音及常用词汇、语法等基础知识的熟悉程度和 分析、推理和判断等综合能力,相当于听力中的“阅读理解“ 。从语言和内容方面看,短文 听力虽然没有阅读理解难度大,但由于听力的“瞬间性 “,即我们只能在听的同时去理解而 见不到文本,因此对考生来说有相当难度。然而,短文听力的命题和解题都有一定的规律 可循,下面我们将分别讲解。 首先要浏览问题。根据问题推测短文大意,并带着问题去听,以便抓住有效 信息;其次要边听边记录。记录并不是要把每句话都记录下来,而是把和问题相关的信 息点记下来。在听的过程中要特别注意文章开头的几句(尤其是首句),这几句很可能是提 纲挈领的句子,文章末句也经常是考点。短文听力题大致可分为三类。一是主旨题,这类 题目考查对文章主旨大意的理解,常见的提问方式有:What is the main idea of the passage? / What can we learn from this passage? / What is the best title for this passage? / What is the passage mainly about?; 二. 是事实细节题,这类题目考查对文章细节的理解,常见于记叙文,常用提问 词包括 what, when, how, where 等; 三. 是推理判断题,这类题目是根据文章所给的内容进行推理,常见的提问方 式有:What is the speaker most concerned about? / How does the writer feel about.? / What can we infer from the passage?等。 四.复合式听写 复合式听写材料就体裁而言多为说明文,特点是主题鲜明,条理清晰,层次分明,语言简 练,逻辑性强。文中留有

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