Of Studies翻译与鉴赏.ppt

1、Of Studies 翻译与鉴赏,Lectured by Zhu Jianping,作者简介、主要内容和文体风格,1.作者简介 Francis Bacon (1561-1626)：文艺复兴时期英国著名哲学家和散文家；英国唯物主义哲学奠基人，近代实验科学的先驱；崇尚科学，提倡从研究事实中归纳出结论，反对从概念到概念的演绎。 2. 主要内容 1）读书的作用； 2）读书的方法。 3. 文体风格 1）多排句、类比、短句、省略句； 2）文字紧凑简洁，文句机智精辟，分析周密深刻，“颇似我国唐宋某些古文大师的风格” 3）格言警句俯拾即是 4）文词古雅,1,Studies serve for1 delight

2、, for ornament2, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring3; for ornament, is in discourse4; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business5. 释义 1 serve for起作用，被用作（serve the purpose of study） 2 ornament装饰/装饰品；此处指多读书可以旁征博引，显得有才学。 3 privateness私有/秘

3、密/不公开/(地方等)隔绝/隐蔽/幽僻 retiring =retirement退休/职/役；离群索居/孑然独处 privateness and retiring 幽居独处 4 discourse演讲/讲道；谈话/交谈 5 disposition (安排/布置/处理management) of business(事情/事务),Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is

4、in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business. 译文1：读书给人乐趣、文雅和能力。人们独居或退隐的时候，最能体会到读书的乐趣；谈话的时候，最能表现出读书的文雅；判断和处理事物的时候，最能发挥由读书而获得的能力。 译文2：读书可以怡情养性，可以摭1拾文采，可以增长才干。在幽居独处时，最能体现其怡情养性的作用；在友朋交谈中，最能体现其摭拾文采的作用；在处世论事之际，最能体现其增长才干的作用。 译文3：读书足以怡情，足以傅2彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈

5、阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。 1摭(zh)：拾取/摘取(pick up; gather) 2傅：涂抹（如“傅粉”）,2,For expert men1 can execute 2, and perhaps judge of particulars3, one by one; but the general counsels4, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs5, come best from those that are learned. 1专家/能手/内行/阅历丰富的人 2 carry out/perform an action

6、; to put into effect执行 3 a separate case or an individual thing or instance, especially one that can be distinguished from a larger category or class. Often used in the plural细节/部分/个别问题 4 counsel: something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action忠告/劝告/建议 general counse

7、l总的计划/大计 5plots: a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal(秘密)计划/密谋/谋划/出谋划策 marshal: arrange in logical order; make ready for action or use安排/使准备行动/统率/管理 affairs事务 the plots, and marshalling of affairs对事务的计划和安排,For expert men1 can execute 2, and perhaps judge of part

8、iculars3, one by one; but the general counsels4, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs5, come best from those that are learned. 译文1：那些有实际经验而没有学识的人，也许能够一一实行或判断某些事物的细微末节，但对于事业的一般指导、筹划与处理，还是真正有学问的人才能胜任。 译文2：阅历丰富的人虽能逐一判断或处理 具体问题，但出谋划策，统筹全局，唯有博学之士最能胜任。 译文3：练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。,3,

9、To spend too much time in studies, is sloth1; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation2; to make judgement wholly by their rules3, is the humour4 of a scholar. 1懒散/懒惰 2装模作样/故弄玄虚/矫揉造作矫情 3完全按规则/规章/规定/条例；完全按书本的条条框框 4a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling心境/情绪/性情/脾

10、气（古义），此处指怪癖,To spend too much time in studies, is sloth1; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation2; to make judgement wholly by their rules3, is the humour4 of a scholar. 译文1：耗费过多时间去读便是迟滞，过分用学问自炫便是矫揉造作，而全凭学理判断一切，则是书呆子的癖好。 译文2：读书费时过多则懒散；过于追求文采显得矫揉造作；全凭书中条条框框论事，未免书生气过重。 译文3：读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫

11、，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。,4,They1 perfect2 nature3, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities4 are like natural plants, that need proyning5 by study; and studies themselves do give forth 6 directions too much at large7, except8 they1 be bounded in9 by experience. 1= studies 2使完美/完善/改善 3天然/天性/性格/性质

12、4天生的能力 5proyning(古)=pruning=cultivation修剪枝叶/栽培 6 give forth发出(气味)/发表(意见等) 7(too much)at large (过于)笼统/含糊/任意/不着边际/不具体 8(古义)=unless 9bound(vt.)：限制/制约 be bounded in (adv.)=be checked限制,They1 perfect2 nature3, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities4 are like natural plants, that need proy

13、ning5 by study; and studies themselves do give forth 6 directions too much at large7, except they be bounded in8 by experience. 译文1：学问能美化 人性，经验又能充实学问。天生的植物需要人工修剪，人类的本性也需要学问诱导，而学问本身又必须以经验来规范，否则便太迂阔了。 译文2：须知读书固可补 天然 之不足，而经验又补读书之不足。因为天生才干犹如天然花木，需靠读书修枝剪叶。而书本知识如不以经验相制约，其教导也难免过于笼统。 译文3：读书 补 天然 之不足，经验又补读书之

14、不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。,5,Crafty men1 condemn studies, simple men2 admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use3; but that4 is a wisdom without5 them6, and above them, won by observation. 1有手艺的人/有一技之长的人/掌握了技术的人 2迟钝的人/头脑简单的人/无知的人/浅薄的人 3 they=studies；学问

15、本身并不教人如何使用它们 4= their own use书本的用处 5=outside 6=studies书本/学问,Crafty men1 condemn studies, simple men 2 admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use 3; but that4 is a wisdom without5 them6, and above them, won by observation. 译文1：技巧的人轻视学问，浅薄的人惊服学问，聪明的人却能利用学问。因为学问本身并不曾把它的用途教给人，至

16、于如何去应用它，那是在学问 之外，超越学问之上、由观察而获得的一种聪明呢！ 译文2：有实际才干的人鄙薄书本；头脑简单的人羡慕书本；只有聪明人才会运用书本。因为书籍本身并不教人如何运用，运用之道，乃在书 外，且高于书本，唯有通过观察才能学到。 译文3：有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智 不在 书 中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。,6,Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to

17、weigh and consider. 译文1：读书不是为着要辩驳，也不是要盲目信从，更不是去找寻谈话的资料，而是要去权衡和思考。 译文2：读书时不可存心与作者辩难，不可以轻信盲从，也不可寻章摘句，作为谈助，而须权衡与琢磨。 译文3：读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。,7,Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts;

18、 others to be read, but not curiously1; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy 2, and extracts made of them by others3; but that would be4, only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book; else5 distilled books6 are l

19、ike common distilled waters, flashy7 things. 1(古义)=attentively/carefully 2由人代读; deputy: a person appointed or empowered to act for another代理人 3=you may read the extracts made of them by others 4=ought to be 5=or else否则 6指别人摘录或重述的书 7giving a momentary or superficial impression of brilliance浮华/虚饰/炫耀一时

20、/华而不实的,Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously1; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy2, and e

21、xtracts made of them by others3; but that would be4, only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book; else5 distilled books6 are like common distilled waters, flashy things. 译文1：有的书只需浅尝，有的书可以狼吞，有的书要细嚼烂咽，慢慢消化。也就是说，有的书只需选读，有的书只需浏览，有的书却必须全部精读。有的书不必去读原本，读读它们的节本就够了，但这仅限于内容不太重要的二流书籍；否则，删

22、节过的往往就像蒸馏水一样，淡而无味。 译文2：有的书浅尝即可，有的书可以狼吞虎咽，少数书籍则需咀嚼消化。换言之，有的书只须阅读一部分，另一些读时可不求甚解，但少数则须通读，且须勤勉而专心。有的书也可以请人代读，然后读其所作摘要；但仅限于题材比较次要以及比较寻常的书。否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，成为淡而无味的东西。 译文3：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。,8,Reading maketh a full ma

23、n1; conference2 a ready man3; and writing4 an exact man5. 1充实的人 2会议/讨论/商谈 3(思维)敏捷的人 4做笔记或札记 5准确/精确/严谨/严格的人,Reading maketh a full man1; conference2 a ready man3; and writing an exact man4. 译文1：读书使人渊博，辩论使人机敏，写作使人精细。 译文2：读书使人充实，讨论使人机敏，作笔记使人精确。 译文3：读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。,9,And therefore, if a man write l

24、ittle, he had need have1 a great memory; if he confer2 little, he had need have a present3 wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning 4, to seem to know that5 he doth not. 1=ought to have应该有 2商谈/商议/商讨 3(古)即可可用/应急/随时在手边的 a present wit机智/急智/急才 4狡猾/奸诈 5=what,And therefore, if a man write

25、 little, he had need have1 a great memory; if he confer2 little, he had need have a present3 wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning4, to seem to know that5 he doth not. 译文1：如果一个人很少写作，他就需要有很强的记忆力；如果他很少辩论，就需要有急智；如果他很少读书，就需要很狡猾，对自己不懂的事情，假装知道。 译文2：不常作笔记的人须有很强的记忆力，不常讨论的人须有急智，不常读书的人则须十分

26、乖巧，方能不知而佯作知之。 译文3：因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。,10,Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile1; natural philosophy2 deep; moral3 grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend4. Abeunt studia in mores5. 1 (古)=subtle 2(古)自然科学 3 =moral philosophy伦理学 4争夺/竞争/辩论/据理力争 5(拉)培根自

27、己的解释：Studies have an influence upon the manners of those that are conversant in (了解/熟悉) them.(专心学问者，性格也受陶冶),Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile1; natural philosophy2 deep; moral3 grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend4. Abeunt studia in mores5. 译文1：历史使人聪明，诗歌使人富于想象，数学使人精确

28、，自然哲学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑学和修辞学使人善辩。总之，读书能陶冶个性。 译文2：读历史使人明智，读诗使人机灵，数学使人周密，自然科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑与修辞使人能言善辩。专心致学者，性格也受陶冶。 译文3：读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。,11,Nay1, there is no stond2 or impediment in the wit3, but4 may be wrought out5 by fit studies: like as6 diseases of the body m

29、ay have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins7; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. 1不仅如此 2(古)=hindrance/stoppage阻碍 3=in the mind; wit心智 4=that not (关系代词) 5=be worked out得到解决 6 =as 7 睾丸和肾脏；一解“结石(病)和肾”,Nay1, th

30、ere is no stond2 or impediment in the wit3, but4 may be wrought out5 by fit studies: like as6 diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins7; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. 译文1：不仅如此，

31、读书并且可以铲除一切心理上的障碍，正如适当的运动能够矫治身体上的一些疾病一般。例如：滚球游戏有益于肾脏；射箭有益于胸肺；散步有益于肠胃；骑马有益于头部等等。 译文2：心智方面的种种障碍，无不可读适当之书加以排除，正如身体百病，皆可以适当的运动治疗。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。 译文3：人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。,12,So if a mans wit1 be wandering2, let him study the mathematics; for i

32、n demonstrations3, if his wit be called away4 never5 so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen6; for they are cymini sectores7. If he be not apt to beat over matters8, and to call up one thing, to prove and illustrate another9, let him study the lawyers cases; so every defect of the mind may