应用型大学英语综合教程2(Unit6)

1、,上海交通大学出版社,Book 2,应用型大学英语系列教程,应用型大学英语综合教程,Application-oriented college English Course,上海交通大学出版社,Back,Next,Language Skills Development,Language in Use,Enhancement of Language Abilities,Unit 6,Unit Six,Table of Contents,上海交通大学出版社,Focus1 content,Back,Next,Part 1 Language Skills Development,Starter,Text

2、: The Debtor Generation,Working with words and phrases,Discussion,Practice: interpreting,Practice: translation,Practice: writing,Surfing the Internet,Highlights,Table of Contents,上海交通大学出版社,focus1highlights,Back,Next,Highlights S: Talking about cartoons: street beggars the duty of repaying something

3、负债情况 e.g. We were poor, but we never got into debt. debtor: 借款方 creditor: 债权人,credit: n. U 赊购 e.g. No credit is given at this shop. on credit: 借贷，赊账 e.g. I bought a car on credit.,credit: n. U an arrangement with a shop, bank etc that allows you to buy something and pay for it later 赊购 e.g. No credi

4、t is given at this shop. on credit: 借贷，赊账 e.g. I bought a car on credit.,负债的一代 1 他们一满18岁，就会接到信用卡公司的电话。几年后，他们就会背负一大笔债务他们中很多人都会欠下几千美元的学生贷款和信用卡账单。接着，他们还会买汽车，买家具，买漂亮的新衣服，几乎全是刷卡消费。,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,2 他们不会一直那样天真。当负债的一代还没有得到收入丰厚的全职工作，就要为偿还信用卡公司的债务而付出代价的时候，很多人就会醒悟过来。,2 The

5、y dont remain innocent for long. Many members of Generation D feel disillusioned when they make sacrifices to repay lenders who gave them credit before they had well-paying, full-time jobs.,innocent: a. 1) not having much experience of the bad things in the world, so that you are easily deceived =na

6、ive无知的，头脑简单的 e.g. Dont be so innocent as to believe everything the politicians tell you. 2) not guilty of a crime 清白的，无罪的 e.g. A man is accounted innocent until he is proven guilty. n. innocence,Generation D comes from the title The Debtor Generation and can be shortened as D Generation or Generatio

7、n D (负债的一代).,disillusioned: a. disappointed because you have lost your belief that someone is good, or that an idea is right 不再抱幻想的，大失所望的，幻想破灭的 e.g. Disillusioned voters want an alternative to the two main parties. Shes disillusioned with life in general. dis- 否定、相反或相对 e.g.dishonest (不诚实的); disagree

8、able (令人不快的，讨厌的); disagreement (分歧，不一致，意见不合); disengage (放开；挣脱开，摆脱开),repay: vt. 1) to pay back money that you have borrowed 还（钱）；偿还 e.g. Ill repay you the money you lent me next week. 2) to do something for someone, or give them something, in return for helping you 报答，酬谢 repay someone for something/

9、with something/ by doing something e.g. Id like to buy them something to repay all their kindness. repayable: a. 可偿还的；应偿还的；应回报的 repayment: n. U归还借款，偿还债务,well-paying: a. (used of work etc) offering good payment. 高工资的，报酬优厚的,sacrifice: n. 1) C, U loss or giving up something of value, especially for wha

10、t is believed to be a good purpose. 牺牲，舍弃 e.g. Getting rich isnt worth the sacrifice of your principles. 2) C, U the act of offering something to a god, especially in the past, by killing an animal or person in a religious ceremony 祭献，祭祀 e.g. It was common to make sacrifices to the gods to ensure a

11、good harvest. v. sacrifice something for something sacrifice something to do something sacrifice yourself (for something),Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,一场真正的变革 3 前几代刚成年的时候，往往生活窘迫客厅中摆放着牛奶箱，冰箱里放着老密尔沃基牌的啤酒。他们在为了舒适的物质生活而兢兢业业的奋斗中，学会了一个道理花钱与赚钱密切相关。,A Real Revolution 3 Previous genera

12、tions tended to begin adulthood in reduced circumstances milk crates in the living room, Old Milwaukee in the fridge. They worked their way into material comfort while absorbing the lesson that buying is closely related to earning.,adulthood: n. U the time when you are an adult成年 -hood 状态；时期 e.g. pa

13、renthood (做父母的身份); manhood (成年，成年时期); childhood (童年); neighborhood (街区，域区),reduced circumstances:（委婉表达从富到穷）生活窘迫,work ones way into: 兢兢业业地达成 e.g. He works his way into being a successful contractor.,Meaning: They obtained a comfortable material life by hard work. Meanwhile, they learned that if they

14、want to buy, they have to earn first.,absorb: vt. 1) to read or hear a large amount of new information and understand it理解；吸取 e.g. Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 2) to take in liquid, gas, or another substance from the surface or space around something吸收（水、光、蒸汽等） e.g. Plants can absorb car

15、bon dioxide and release oxygen.,work ones way into: to achieve something gradually by working 兢兢业业地达成 e.g. He works his way into being a successful contractor.,reduced circumstances: old-fashioned to be poorer than you were before （委婉表达从富到穷）生活窘迫,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,4

16、与此相反，负债的一代中很多人刚成年的时候往往享受着优越的物质生活客厅中摆着各种架子，冰箱里放着皮特牌淡啤酒。紧接着，如果他们稍不注意（开销），就不得不控制这种依赖信用卡消费的生活方式以便可以付清账单。而这一点，并不是所有的人都能做到，那么他们就会因此付出代价。,Question about Para. 4,4 In contrast, many in Generation D begin adulthood with material comfortshelves in the living room, Petes Wicked Ale in the refrigerator. A A lit

17、tle later, if theyre not careful, they have to throttle back on their credit-fueled lifestyle so they can pay the bills. Not all can, and they pay the consequences.,in contrast: in comparison 相比 e.g. In contrast with their system, ours seems very old-fashioned. His white hair was in sharp contrast t

18、o his dark skin.,Meaning: On the contrary, many people of Debtor Generation grow up in comfortable conditionall kinds of shelves in the living room, top-grade beer in the refrigerator.,throttle: vt. 1) 1) to reduce the amount of fuel flowing into an engine, in order to reduce its speed 调节油门，减/加速 e.g

19、. I throttled back as we approached the runway. High tariffs throttle trade between countries. 2) to kill or injure someone by holding their throat very tightly so that they cannot breathe =strangle 使窒息，掐死 e.g. He throttled the guard with his bare hands. throttle back: 控制，收敛 e.g. He hopes to throttl

20、e back on his emotions.,throttle: vt. 1) to reduce the amount of fuel flowing into an engine, in order to reduce its speed 调节油门，减/加速 e.g. I throttled back as we approached the runway. High tariffs throttle trade between countries. 2) to kill or injure someone by holding their throat very tightly so

21、that they cannot breathe =strangle使窒息，掐死 e.g. He throttled the guard with his bare hands. throttle back: 控制，收敛 e.g. He hopes to throttle back on his emotions.,Meaning: Later on, if theyre careless with their spending, they have to control their credit on which their life is dependent so that they wi

22、ll be able to repay their debts.,focus1text,The Generation D begins adulthood with material comfort and depends too much on credit while the previous generations began their adulthood in reduced circumstances, working their way into material comfort, thus knowing that buying is closely related to ea

23、rning.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: A Story of Steve Jobs,1. How is the lifestyle of the Generation D different from that of their previous generations?,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Question about Para. 5,5 Experts agree that todays 18- to 30-year

24、-olds have more debts than their forebears. Thats especially true of the majority of high school graduates who go on to college or trade school, where people commonly get student loans and credit cards, even if they dont have jobs.,be true of: based on facts and not imagined or invented 合乎事实的；真的；真实的

25、；确实的 e.g. Possibly the same is true of social work. The same is true of all political parties.,go on to sth.: next to do something after you have finished doing something else 接着开始另一个项目 e.g. Lets go on to the next item on the agenda.,5 专家们认为，现在18至30岁之间的人比他们上几代欠的债更多。尤其对大多数高中毕业就上大学或职业学校的学生来说，情况更是如此。在大

26、学或职业学校里，尽管学生没有工作，通常也可以申请学生贷款和信用卡。,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,2. What do the experts have in common with regard to their opinions concerning the 18-to 30-year-olds debts?,Experts agree that todays 18- to 30-year-olds have more debts than their forebears.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Tr

27、anslation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Question about Para. 6,6 People disagree about whether thats so bad. After all, young adults accept student loans and credit cards gladly and most repay dutifully. But critics worry that corrosive social effects result from the habit of taking on debt before o

28、ne has sufficient income to repay.,corrosive: a. written gradually making something weaker, and possibly destroying it =damaging 逐步起破坏作用的，损害性的 e.g. Fear of unemployment is having a corrosive effect on the countrys economy.,result from: if something results from something else, it is caused by it 由产生

29、 e.g. Her injuries resulted from a fall. cf. result in: to make something happen =cause 造成，导致 e.g. The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths.,take on: to agree to do some work or be responsible for something 承担 e.g. Dont take on too much work - the extra cash isnt worth it.,6 人们对这种情况是否很糟糕

30、意见不一。毕竟，年轻人很乐意接受学生贷款和信用卡， 而且大多数人能尽责地偿还。但是评论家们担心，这种个人还没有足够的收入来还款就背上债务的习惯会造成不良的社会影响。,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,3. Do people agree on the issue of student debts? What are the two opposing views?,No, they dont. Some believe that young adults accept student loans and credit cards gladly and most repay dutiful

31、ly. But critics worry that corrosive social effects result from the habit of taking on debt before one has sufficient income to repay.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,梦想与债务 7 20世纪90年代，负债生活的诱惑日增。学杂费暴涨，联邦政府也提高了学生贷款上限，信用卡在校园市场的推销如火如荼。2000年，78%

32、 的大学本科生拥有信用卡。,Dreams and Debt 7 The lure of living on debt increased in the 1990s. Tuition and fees skyrocketed, the federal government increased student loan limits, and credit cards were marketed vigorously on campus. In 2000, 78 percent of college undergraduates had credit cards.,tuition: n. 1) U

33、 the money you pay for being taught 学费 e.g. When I started college, tuition was $350 a quarter. 2) U teaching, especially in small groups 讲授，教诲 e.g. He received private tuition in English. tutor n. someone who gives private lessons to one student or a small group, and is paid directly by them,skyroc

34、ket: vi. if a price or an amount skyrockets, it greatly increases very quickly （指物价等）飞涨，猛涨 e.g. The trade deficit has skyrocketed.,vigorous a. using a lot of energy and strength 精力充沛的，元气旺盛的，有力的 e.g. Environmentalists have begun a vigorous campaign to oppose nuclear dumping in the area. vigorously: a

35、d. 有力地 e.g. They were arguing vigorously on the responsibility of the death of the four college students.,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,8 更微妙的变化到处可见。经济蓬勃发展，复活节假在异国旅游胜地拍摄的MTV充斥荧屏，老友记描述了一群年轻人在曼哈顿宽敞公寓里的舒适生活。二十几岁的年轻人梦想着大学或职业学校一毕业就过上富足的生活。,Question about Para. 7- 8,8 Subtler changes

36、 abounded. The economy boomed, MTV broadcasted from exotic spring-break locales, Friends portrayed young adults living comfortably in roomy apartments in Manhattan. Twenty-somethings expected to live well right out of college or trade school.,Meaning: Delicate changes exist everywhere.,abound: vi. t

37、o exist in very large numbers 大量存在，有许多 e.g. Grass abounds here all the year round.,boom: vi. usually in progressive if business, trade, or a particular area is booming, it is increasing and being very successful.迅速发展，繁荣 e.g. By the 1980s, the computer industry was booming. booming a. a booming econo

38、my baby boomer n. someone born during a period when a lot of babies were born, especially between 1946 and 1964,exotic: a. 1) something that is exotic seems unusual and interesting because it is related to a foreign country - use this to show approval异国情调的；奇异的 e.g. The film retains much of the books

39、 exotic flavour. 2)From a distant and especially a tropical country. 异国的，外来的 e.g. Pandas are exotic animals to America.,portray: vt. 1) to describe or represent something or someone =depict:描述；描绘；描写 e.g. The film vividly portrays life in the trenches. 2)to make a portrait for someone为某人画像，画某人的像 e.g.

40、 She is portrayed wearing her wedding gown.,roomy: a. =spacious 宽敞的，宽大的 e.g. Though more expensive, a roomy car can make you more comfortable. n. + -y rainy, windy, snowy, juicy, watery, glassy, grassy.,Twenty-something: someone who is between the ages of 20 and 29 二十几岁的人 thirty-something/forty-some

41、thing 三十到三十九（四十到四十九）岁 e.g. A fifty-something came to see you when you were out. 你不在时，有一位五十几岁的男子来找过你。,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,4. Why did the lure of living on debt increase in the 1990s?,Because tuition and fees skyrocketed, the federal government increased student loan limits, and credit cards were mar

42、keted vigorously on campus. Meanwhile, the economy boomed, and mass media portrayed young adults living comfortably in large cities. They are all attractive to young people.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,9 在这些情况下，还有什么理由不借钱呢？1996年，公立大学里平均每

43、位贷款的学生在毕业时欠债11950 美元。1998年，平均每个本科生有3.5张信用卡，负有1879美元的结欠款。,Question about Para. 9,9 Under these circumstances, why not borrow? An average student loan recipient owed $11,950 upon graduating from a public university in 1996. In 1998, the average undergraduate had a balance of $1,879 on 3.5 credit cards

44、.,balance: n. 1) C (usu. sing) the amount of something that remains after some has been used, spent, mentioned etc =the rest 结欠 e.g. The balance of 500 will be paid within one week. 2) C (usu. sing) the amount of money that you have in your bank account 差额 e.g. I must check my bank balance, i.e. fin

45、d out how much money I have in my account. balance of payments:国际收支差额 balance of trade:贸易差额，进出口差额 e.g. a balance-of-trade deficit (when a country spends more than it earns from exports),上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,5. How much balance did an undergraduate have on average on 3.5 credit cards in 1998?,$1,879.

46、,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,10 有人担心，这些债务将迫使毕业生放弃令人振奋但薪水不高的职业，而去从事沉闷乏味但收入丰厚的工作。密苏里大学研究员帕特里夏萨默斯，在做学生贷款项目研究时曾采访了500多人，她说有一个准英语博士生打算拿到博士学位后就重操旧业当21点扑克游戏的发牌员。,Question about Para. 10,10 Some worry that all this debt forces grads to forsake

47、exciting but low-paying jobs in favor of dreary but well-paying jobs. Patricia Somers, a University of Missouri researcher who interviewed 500 people for her research on student loans, tells of a Ph.D. candidate in English who was considering returning to her old jobdealing blackjackafter earning he

48、r doctorate.,grad = graduate grad: n.1) C someone who has completed a university degree, especially a first degree undergraduate:大学毕业生 （尤指获得学士学位的人） e.g. His girlfriend is a Harvard grad. 2) C American English someone who has completed a course at a college, school etc毕业生 e.g. a high-school graduate,

49、tell of: to describe an event or person 描述，叙述 e.g. The poem tells of the deeds of a famous warrior.,doctorate: n. C 博士学位 Related terms： bachelors degree 学士学位 (Bachelor of Arts 文学学士 Bachelor of Science 理学学士) masters degree 硕士学位 (Master of Arts 文学硕士 Master of Science 理学硕士) doctors degree 博士学位 (通常叫Ph.D

50、. 即Doctor of Philosophy),forsake: vt. (forsook, forsaken) 1) =give up 放弃，离开（尤指喜爱的事物） e.g. You must forsake your bad habits. 2) =abandon 离开（尤指不履行责任），遗弃，舍弃 e.g. His gambling father forsook his family and went west for a living. 区别:forsake, abandon, desert, give up The sailors abandoned the sinking shi

51、p. He deserted his country and helped the enemy. He has forsaken his native Finland to live in Britain. In no case should you give up.,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,6. Why did a Ph.D. candidate consider returning to her old jobdealing blackjackafter earning her doctorate?,Because debt forces her to forsake e

52、xciting but low-paying jobs in favor of dreary but well-paying jobs.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,不推迟人生大事 11 当然，大多数贷款人在签署贷款文件时是以另一种角度看待这个问题的：学生贷款债务使他们能够追求自己的梦想，其他的信贷来源则让他们过上舒适的生活。,Question about Para. 11,Not Putting It Off 11 Most borrow

53、ers, of course, look at it another way when they sign those loan papers: Student loan debt enables them to pursue their dreams, and other sources of credit allow them to live in comfort.,上海交通大学出版社,focus1text,7. How do most students view their debts?,Most students think that student loan debt enables

54、 them to pursue their dreams, and other sources of credit allow them to live in comfort.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,12 即使年轻人花的比赚的多，他们也不会推迟那些人生大事结婚、生子、买房。,12 Even as young people spend more than they earn, theyre not postponing lifes mi

55、lestonesmarriage, children and a house.,postpone: vt. to change the date or time of a planned event or action to a later one =put back; bring forward延期，推迟 e.g. The match was postponed to the following Saturday because of bad weather. postpone doing something postponement noun uncountable and countab

56、le,milestone: n. C a very important event in the development of something =milepost American English 里程碑 milestone in e.g. The heart transplant reached a significant milestone in the 1930s. touchstone n.试金石 cornerstone n. 奠基石,Meaning: Even though young people do not make as much money as they spend,

57、 theyre not putting off the important events in their life, such as getting married, having kids and buying houses.,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,13 当被研究人员问及是否会因为债务而推迟结婚、生子或购房时，少数学生说债务确实会有那种影响。但研究表明，他们的言行并不一致：他们想结婚的时候就结婚、想生子的时候就生子，想买房的时候就买房，债务对此并没有多大影响。,13 When researchers have

58、 asked students whether debt will cause them to delay marriage, parenthood or homeownership, a few say that debt indeed will have that effect. But studies show that deeds dont match words: People get married, have kids and buy houses when they want to, and debt has little to do with the timing.,Mean

59、ing: But studies show that they do not do what they say: People get married, have kids and buy houses as they wish and debt has little influence on their life planning.,have something/little to do with: have a /no connection with 与有（没有什么）关系 e.g. Her diligence must have something to do with her success. The big fire has l