牛津英语9A_Unit_5__Grammar.ppt

1、,Unit 5 Grammar Past perfect tense,1.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.,一般过去时表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。,强调过去某一特定的时间。,2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.,现在完成时表示的动作发生在 过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。其结构为：“助动词 have（has）+过去分词”,温故而知新,They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.,1.They arri

2、ved at the station at ten yesterday.,2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.,I had learned 1000 English words till then.,温故而知新,过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作， 即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 -|- |-|-,一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点,那时以前,那时,现在,I have learned English songs since we came to this school.,I had learne

3、d English songs before we came to this school.,构成：主语+had + 动词的过去分词 (p.p.),写出下列动词的过去完成时形式(5/1) be _ see_ begin _ sing_ bring_ open_,had been,had seen,had begun,had sung,had brought,had opened,主语+had + 动词的过去分词 (p.p.),定义：,过去完成时：,强调过去某一个动作发生在 另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。,1.在老师进入教室前, 李磊擦了黑 板.,LiLei _ (clean) the bla

4、ckboard before the teacher came into the classroom.,had cleaned,2. 当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。,The train _ (leave) when we arrived there.,had left,We use it to talk about an action that happened before another action in the past.,构成：,1. cleaned the blackboard,2. closed the window,had cleaned the blackboard,clos

5、ed the window,She had cleaned the blackboard before she closed the window.,After she had cleaned the blackboard , she closed the window.,drank water,had run out of breath,1. ran out of breath,2. drank water,He had run out of breath before he drank water.,After he had run out of breath, he drank wate

6、r.,1. ate an apple,2. slept,had eaten an apple,slept,She had eaten an apple before she slept.,After she had eaten an apple , she slept.,2. played ping pong,1. did his homework,played ping pong,had done his homework,He had done his homework before he played ping pong.,After he had done his homework ,

7、 he played Ping pong.,Last Saturday,Liu Xing broke the window.,They tried to run away.,What happened first?,a.,b.,After Liu Xing had broken the window,they tried to run away.,They tried to run away.,What happened first?,Liu Mei found them.,a.,b.,Liu Mei had found them when they tried to run away.,1.

8、 After Liu Xing had broken the window, they tried to run away.,2. Liu Mei had found them when they tried to run away.,Past Perfect Tense( 过去完成时 ),Structure(结构):,had,P. P.,(过去分词),构成：1.肯定句:主语+助动词 had + 过去分词（ v-ed）+其他。其中 had 通用于各种人称。,1.They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.,2.

9、否定句：主语+hadnt（had not）+v-ed +其他,3.一般疑问句：Had +主语+v-ed+其他？,2.By nine oclock yesterday evening he hadnt got home.,4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+had+主语+ v-ed ？,3.-Had you known anything about our school before you came here? -Yes, I had. / No, I hadnt.,4.What had your sister been before she became an actress?,二、过去完成时的判断

10、依据,1.由“过去的过去”来判定。,过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：,在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：,When I got to the station, the train had already left.,After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.,（ 1 ）状语从句中,Hepburn had been a mode

11、l before she became a great actress.,A: Had Hepburn been a model before she became a great actress?,B: Yes, she had.,Yes/no questions,Work in pairs.,Had before?,Yes, ./ No, ,sat quietly,teacher came in,cleaned the classroom,Work in pairs.,school was over,Had before ?,Yes, ./ No, ,Monday November 10

12、I felt blue today. Everything seemed to be strange. I played ping-pong for only one hour, then I left for home. When I _(get) to the bus stop, the bus _(leave).So I had to walk home. When I _(get) home, my parents _(have) their supper. So I had to eat alone. When I_(finish) my homework, they _ alrea

13、dy _(go) to bed.,A diary,got,Had left,got,had had,finished,had,gone,（ 2 ）宾语从句中,当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：,She said that she had seen the film before.,They explained what had happened.,2. 由时间状语来判定,一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：,（ 1 ） by +

14、 过去的时间点。如：,I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.,（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：,We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.,（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：,They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.,3. 根据上、下文来判定。,I met Wang Tao in the street

15、 yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.,He felt rather tired because he had worked for the whole night.,1. The blackboard is clean because he _ (clean) it. The blackboard was clean because he _ (clean) it.,had cleaned,2. We_ (learn) English for 6 years. We _(learn) English for

16、 5 years by the end of last year.,have learned,2. I _(go) to Li Hongs house yesterday, but he _ (go) out.,1. They _(read) three books by the end of last week.,had read,had gone,has cleaned,had learned,Compare:,Mini-exercise:,3. The students _ (learn) 5 English songs since last year.,have learned,wen

17、t,is,was,out of breath,(气喘吁吁）,Last night,/ e /,When the woman arrived out of breath, the bus had left.,Work out the rule: If we want to talk about two past actions in a sentence, the past perfect tense is used for the (earlier, later) action.,earlier,Work out the rule,1. If we want to talk about two

18、 past actions in a sentence, the Past Perfect Tense(过去完成时) is used for_. a. the earlier action （先发生的动作） b. the later action （后发生的动作） 2. For the later action, we use _. a. Past Perfect Tense b. Simple past Tense ( 一般过去时 ), the past past past now future,earlier action,later action,Past Perfect Tense,S

19、imple Past Tense,Finish Part A1 on P87,Millie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom.,What happened first?,a. Millie ran back to school.,b. Millie left her magazine in the classroom.,Simon left school late because the football game had started late.,What happened first

20、?,a. Simon left school late.,b. The football game started late.,What happened first?,Daniel arrived out of breath he had gone to the wrong cinema.,a. Daniel arrived out of breath.,b. Daniel went to the wrong cinema.,What happened first?,Amy had lost her purse and had to go to the police station.,a.

21、Amy lost her purse.,b. Amy went to the police station.,完成 P88 A2练习,had helped,had been,had left,had seen,had acted,had opened,had begun,had brought,Complete the table:,10 th December Today, I watched Roman Holiday with my friends. Kitty was the first one to arrive at the cinema. When Millie and I _(

22、arrive), Kitty _(buy) the tickets already. Simon and Daniel came next. Before Simon and Daniel _(come), Millie and I _(go) to get some drinks. Then all five of us waited for Amy outside the cinema. After we _(finish) our drinks, Amy _(arrive). When we _(enter) the cinema, the film _ already _(start)

23、. Luckily, we did not miss much.,arrived,had bought,came,had gone,arrived,had finished,entered,Sandy wrote a diary, help her complete it. (Part A3 on P88),Pay attention: I should ,I would 和I had 的省略形式皆为 I d , 在具体运用时，应根据具体结构判定究竟哪种情况的省略。,注意,过去完成时典型错误例析：,1.昨晚我们看了电影。 a. We had seen the film yesterday ev

24、ening. b. We saw the film yesterday evening.,过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。如果时间只是一个单纯的过去时间，则句子只能用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。,2当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五分钟了。 a. The film has been on for five minutes when I got there. b. The film had been on for five minutes when I got there.,在过去某一时间或动作之前发生或完成了的动作，要用过去完成时。它的动作的起点

25、为过去，终点也为过去，即“过去的过去”。而现在完成时的动作起点为过去，终点则为现在。,3.到上学期末，他们已学会了五首英语歌曲。 a. By the end of last term, they have learned five English songs. b. By the end of last term, they had learned five English songs.,by the end of last term 意为“到上学期末为止”，显然它是“以过去某一时间为终点的”，故只能用过去完成时态，不用现在完成时态。,4.他昨天见到了ill，他们已有两年没见面了。 a. He

26、 saw Bill yesterday. They havent met each other for two years. b. He saw Bill yesterday. They hadnt met each other for two years.,“他们没见面”是到“昨天”为止的（而不是到现在为止），是过去的过去，故后一个句子需使用过去完成时态进行表达。,李梅很高兴，因为她期中考试及格了。 a. Li Mei was very glad, because she passed the mid-term exam. b. Li Mei was very glad, because s

27、he had passed the mid-term exam.,当我们表示某动作或存在的状态发生于过去某动作之前时，那么这个动作或状态要用过去完成时态。句中pass the mid-term exam 的动作是发生在过去动作was very glad 之前的，故pass 需用had passed表示。,6.他走进屋,打开灯,然后开始写起来。 a. He had come into the room, turned on the light and began to write. b. He came into the room, turned on the light and began t

28、o write.,当按顺序陈述过去连续发生的动作时，我们常常使用一般过去时态。注意：以上几个动作为短暂性动作，动作之间几乎没有时间间断。,同样，在before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主，从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主，从句都用一般过去时。如：,Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom.,用所给动词的正确形式填空(10/1),1.The poor girl never saw her gr

29、andpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born.,2. She_ already_ (clean) the blackboard before I entered the classroom.,had passed away,cleaned,had,用所给动词的正确形式填空(10/1),1. He_ (turn off) the lights before he left the classroom. 2. _ your parents _(have) lunch when you arrived at home?,had turned o

30、ff,Had,had,句型转换 (10/1) He had stood up before he cleaned the window. _ he had stood up, he cleaned the window. His father went to Beijing. He arrived home. (用before合并句子) His father_ _ _ Beijing before he _ home.,After,had gone to,arrived,按要求改写下列句子(5/1) Simon had finished his homework before he watch

31、ed TV. 否定句： 疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答：,Simon hadnt finished his homework before he watched TV.,Had Simon finished his homework before he watched TV?,Yes, he had.,No, he hadnt.,选择题(10/1) Millie_ some Chinese before she came to China. A. learned B. has learned C. learnt D. had learned She _ the first runner-up

32、prize in a beauty contest before she _an actress. A. have won, became B. had won, become C. had won, became D. has won, became,改错题(101) We hadnt seen something interesting in the park before last Sunday. 2. When she woke up this morning, it stopped snowing.,anything,had stopped,翻译题(101) 1. 在我们到达电影院之

33、前，电影已经开始了 2. 踢完足球之后我买了瓶果汁,The film _ _ _ we _ to the cinema.,_ I _ _ football, I _ a bottle of juice.,had,before,got,begun,After,had,played,bought,完成p89 A4练习,Millie: Hi, Sandy. I saw an action film during the holiday. It was really good, and my favourite film star played a lead role in it. Sandy: I

34、know you like her a lot._you _(see) any of her films before you saw this one? Millie: Yes, I_. She _(act)in many other action films before this Hollywood film. Sandy: _you _(watch) any other films during the holiday? Millie: No, I_. That was the only one.,Had,seen,had,had acted,Did,watch,didnt,Work

35、in pairs.,一 选择填空。 1. I lost the book I _ A have bought B bought C had bought 2. The bus had gone when I _ at the bus stop. A have arrived B arrived C had arrived 3. Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday? He _ Beijing Ahas gone to B had gone to C went to 4. By the time she was fifteen, Kitty _ (

36、teach) herself a foreign language. (2006无锡市中考),C,B,B,A. had taught B. taught C. has taught,A,5. I have bought you the books you want Oh，good. I _ afraid you had forgotten A was B am C had been 6. Helen _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home A has left; comes B left；had co

37、me C had left；came 7.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get the book she _ in the office. A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 8. I met my old friend yesterday. We _ each other for almost ten years. A. havent seen B. didnt see C

38、. hadnt seen,A,C,D,C,二用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1 Our English teacher _ (teach) English in Shanghai for ten years before he came to our School. 2 _ the boy _ (finish) his homework before you saw him? 3 When I got there, the train _ already _. (leave) 4 When I arrived at the cinema, the film _ (be ) on for ten m

39、inutes. 5 Last week I didnt return the book to the library, because I _ (not finish) it. 6. After he had finished school, he _(join) the army. 7. She said she _ the film before. (see) 8. By the end of last month, they _ (complete) the bridge.,had taught,Had finished,had left,had been,hadnt finished,

40、joined,had seen,had completed,1 We four thousand new words by the end of last year A had learned B have learned C learned 2 Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home（NMET96） A has left, comes B left, had come C had left, came 3 I lost the book I A have bought B bought C

41、had bought 4 The bus had gone when I at the bus stop. A have arrived B arrived C had arrived 5 Tom of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind A has thought B thought C had thought,A,C,C,B,C,6 Did you meet Tom at the airport？ No，he by the time I there.Ahas left; got B h

42、ad left；arrived C left；had got 7Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday? He Beijing Ahas gone to B had gone to C went to 8 Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University, for which she five times. A had tried B tried C has tried 9 I have bought you the books you want Oh，good. I afraid you had fo

43、rgotten A was B am C had been,B,B,A,A,1 How many English songs _she _ (learn) by the end of last month? 2 By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ dinner already. (cook) 3 He _ to play the piano before he was ten years old. (learn) 4 She said she _ the film before. (see) 5 Our English teac

44、her _ (teach) English in Guangxi for ten years before he came to No.113 Middle School. 6 By the end of last month, they _ the bridge. (complete) 7 What _ Lord Kelvin _ by the time he was ten? (do),had,learned,had cooked,had learned,had seen,had taught,had completed,had,done,8 He asked where I _ (go) during the summer vacation. 9 The classroom _ (clean) before we _ (get) there yesterday. 10 _ the boy _ his homework before you