5组虚拟语气.ppt

1、,虚拟语气,Outline,普通虚拟条件句叙述与事实相反的情况，不强调推测意味。 2. 推测虚拟条件句 对未来的事进行虚拟的推测，即讲话人认为实现的可能性极小。它的构成与表示与将来事实相反的普通虚拟句构成相似，唯一区别是表推测虚拟句的结果主句只能用 would do 形式。 3 错综时间条件句 错综时间条件句表示条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致 4.跳层虚拟句即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；but/前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟 5. 含蓄条件句指句中没有出现明显表示虚拟语气的条件句，而是使用其他一些词，短语，从句或其他结构来表示条件 6.名词性从句中若含有表示“命令，建

2、议，请求，意愿，主张，目的”等意义的词时，要使用虚拟。 should+动词原型，should 可以省略 7.表示希望，重要，惊异，失望等形容词或者过去分词后 it be + 形容词/ 过去分词that 句型,2 推测虚拟条件句 对未来的事进行虚拟的推测，即讲话人认为实现的可能性极小。它的构成与表示与将来事实相反的普通虚拟句构成相似，唯一区别是表推测虚拟句的结果主句只能用 would do 形式。,3 错综时间条件句 错综时间条件句表示条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致。 * If I were you , I would have bought a ticket for the concert

3、. (现在过去) * If I had had breakfast this morning, I would not be so hungry now. (过去现在) *If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now. *If you were not so careless, you wouldnt have made such a mistake.,4. 跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；but/前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟）.,4. 跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟

4、，另一半为陈述语气；but/前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟） *He would put on weight, but he doesnt eat much. 与现在事实相反 *He would have put on weight, but he didnt eat much. 与过去事实相反 or, or else, otherwise *I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. 与现在相反 *Mary couldnt have received my letter, otherwis

5、e she would have replied before now. 与过去相反 but / except+ 表示条件 * would have gone with her but / except I was ill.,5 含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句指句中没有出现明显表示虚拟语气的条件句，而是使用其他一些词，短语，从句或其他结构来表示条件。在不使用if从句表示条件的情况下，表示条件的词或者短语有： but for (要不是) eg: But for their help, I would not have finished the task.相当于if it were not 、 if it

6、 had not been for But for water and air, nothing could live in the world But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead. She would have arrived earlier but that it rained heavily. But for the heavy rain, she would have Without What would I have done without you? With better

7、equipment, we would have succeeded. in the absence of (如果没有) In the absence of water and air, nothing could live. otherwise（否则）He was very busy; otherwise, he would have come to the party. in case of (在什么的情况下),*Under the/such circumstances (在什么的情况下) I would probably have said the same thing. *what i

8、f （如果 将会怎样） *if only 引导的从句表示没有实现的愿望或者遗憾，需要使用虚拟语气。通常用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。 If only I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. If only I had known it earlier and I could have stopped it. *Would rather, had rather, would sooner, would prefer 引导的从句中要用虚拟。用过去时表示现在或者将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，希望或委

9、婉的责备。 Id rather you told me about it right away. Id rather you had told e about it earlier. *had hoped / though 引导的宾语从句表示未实现的愿望或者令人失望的事，从句谓语动词用 would动词原型 His father had hoped / thought that his son would follow his footsteps and become an artist.,Wish 引导的从句需要用虚拟语气。通常用过去时表示对现在的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟，用“wou

10、ld+ 动词原型”表示对将来的虚拟。 *I wish I could fly like a bird. *I wish I hadnt lent him my laptop. *I wish I would afford to travel the whole world. It is (high/about) time 中，谓语动词用过去时，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而现在有些晚了”（有时动词也可以用 should+ 动词原型） *Its high time you told me about it. *Its high time we stopped / should stop

11、cutting down the trees. lest 在lest引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用（should ）+ 动词原型 *She didnt allow her sister go out lest she (should ) catch flu. in case 万一，以防，后面接现在时，或者should +动词原型 *I always take an umbrella in case it rains. *I wrote down the address in case I should forget it. for fear that, in order that, so t

12、hat 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词通常用should/ might/ could+ 动词原型 *He tiptoed for fear that he might disturb his father.,Whether 虚拟语气如果用在whether引导的让步状语从句，从句谓语动词用原型。如果条件从句的谓语动词包含有be 动词，可将whether 或if 省去，而将条件从句的主语放在be 动词后。 Whether he is rich or poor, I will marry him all the same. Be he rich or poor, I will marry him a

13、ll the same. Be it fine or not, I will inspect the factory myself tomorrow. Whether it is fine or not, 名词性从句中若含有表示“命令，建议，请求，意愿，主张，目的”等意义的词时，要使用虚拟。 should+动词原型，should 可以省略。 order。command 、demand 。instruct 。imperative 、suggest 、advise propose、 recommend 、request、 command 、require、insist 。assume 、decid

14、e 、arrange 表示希望，重要，惊异，失望等形容词或者过去分词后 it be + 形容词/ 过去分词that 句型 在it is amazing/ surprising /odd/ strange/ wrong/a pity/ a shame/ incredible 中用虚拟 但是 should 不可以省略 *Its not good that the children here should be given so much homework. *I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.,1.I enjoy

15、ed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A. have read B. had readC. should have read D. are reading 2.You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him.A. come; would meetB. had come; would have metC. come; will meet D. had come; would meet 3.The two students talked a

16、s if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would beC. have been D. had been 4.It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB. spokeC. will speak D. to speak 5.He looked as if he _ ill for a long time.A. was B. wereC. has been D. had been,6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poo

17、r child would not _.A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hoursC. have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there for two hours 7.I wish that I _ with you last night.A. went B. could goC. have goneD. could have gone 8.Lets say you could go there again, how _ feel?A. will youB. should youC. would you D. do you 9.I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything.A. knew B. knowsC. has known D. had known 10._ the fog, we should have reached our school.A. Because of B. In spite ofC. In case of D. But for,解析：1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过