《基础英语》PE2_U01_Skills.ppt

1、Reading Skills Translation Practice Guided Writing Listening and Speaking English Songs,Skills Development and Practice,Reading Skills,Reading Skills: Distinguishing Facts from Opinions,EXAMPLE: I believe that most Americans would not want my job. I work from nine to five, six days a week. The room

2、I work in is 14 by 20 feet. Ten people work in that space. There are no windows. Were given twenty minutes for lunch. There is no overtime pay .,Practice 1 Being able to distinguish facts from opinions will help you to grasp the authors point of view so that you may achieve better comprehension in y

3、our reading. Read the following example.,QUESTIONS: 1. What opinion about his job does the author express? Underline it. 2. Circle the facts that the author uses to develop that opinion.,Reading Skills,I believe that most Americans would not want my job.,highlights: work from nine to five, six days

4、a week, work in a 14 by 20 feet room, ten people are in the space, no windows, given twenty minutes for lunch, no overtime pay,QUESTIONS: 3. Choose from Text A or Text B 4 sentences, of which 2 sentences express facts and 2 sentences express opinions.,Reading Skills,News magazines such as Time, News

5、week, and US News and World Report are published weekly. (Fact, Text A) They contain articles about the important national and international news of the week, and special sections are devoted to news about such areas as business, science, education, and arts. (Fact, Text A) In my opinion, the writin

6、g is on the wall. (Opinion, Text B) People are not willing to wait for as long as a day to find out what happened. (Opinion, Text B),Practice 2 Read the statements and decide whether they are FACTS (F) or OPINIONS (O).,Reading Skills,1. I feel that the closing of the factory will destroy the economy

7、 of this region. 2. Polls of sports writers show a majority favor the new baseball rules. 3. Our criminal justice system is in great trouble. 4. Because of injured or traded players, the teams performance is now lower compared with last years. 5. Three million credit cards are stolen every year. 6.

8、Some of the television commercials are not interesting. 7. California is the best place for retired people. 8. There is no question of the relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer (肺癌). 9. Advertising is a big and difficult business. 10. We work for a living.,F,F,F,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,E-C Tr

9、anslation Skills Practice,Translation Practice,Translation Practice,E-C Translation Skills,I. 省略译：为了使译文符合汉语习惯，将原文中的有些词省略不译 省略译是将原文中的有些词省略不译，以使译文符合汉语习惯。省略译所省去的大多是英语中因为语法上的需要而存在，但根据汉语习惯并不需要译出的词。如英语的冠词、介词、连词、代词，有的在句子中不具实际意义，翻译时一般可以省略。另外，从修辞角度考虑，还可以省略一些汉语中可有可无的词。例如: 1. The horse is a useful animal. 马是有用

10、的动物。（省译冠词the, a） 2. Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不准吸烟。（省译介词in） 3. I can do it, and so can you. 我能做，你也能做。（省译并列连词and）,Translation Practice,E-C Translation Skills,4. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（省译连词if） 5. Liquids have no definite shape, yet they have a definit

11、e volume. 液体没有一定的形状，但有一定的体积。（省译人称代词they） 6. He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. 他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。（省译物主代词his） 7. A square has four equal sides. 正方形四边相等。（省译冠词a、动词have） 8. In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South. 冬天，北方比南方冷得多。（省译介词i

12、n、非人称代词it）,Translation Practice,E-C Translation Skills,II. 常用结构译法介绍 1. There be . + attributive: There be结构是英语中常见的一种句型，一般和地点状语连用，表示存在，通常可译成汉语的无主句“某处有”。但有时这种句型往往不带地点状语，而是在其主语后带定语。There be结构中主语带后置定语的句子通常可译成汉语的兼语式无主句，即把原文句子的主语译成兼语(宾语兼主语)，把原文中的后置定语译成兼语式的谓语及其有关成分。,Translation Practice,E-C Translation Ski

13、lls,例如： 1) There are still questions and happenings that we call “supernatural” because we do not understand them. 仍有许多问题和现象由于我们没有理解而被说成“超自然”。 2) And yet, as deep as we go into things, there are always mysteries that lie just beyond our understanding. 然而，尽管我们对事物有深入研究，但总有一些神秘的现象使 我们无法理解。 3) There are

14、 many difficulties to be dealt with when one is starting a new business. 新开一家商行有许多困难要克服。,Translation Practice,E-C Translation Skills,第一句译文中的“问题和现象”一词既作“有”的宾语，又作“被说成”的主语；第二句译文中的“现象”一词既作“有”的宾语，又作“使我们”的主语；第三句译文中的“困难”一词既作“有”的宾语，又作“要克服”的主语。这种句式即是汉语的兼语式。第二句也可译成 ：然而，尽管我们对事物有深入研究，但总有一些我们无法理解的神秘现象。这种句型有时也可用融

15、合法进行翻译，第三句还可译成：新开一家商行要克服许多困难。,Translation Practice,E-C Translation Skills,2. as well as: 短语连词as well as连接并列成分时既相当于both . and又相当于not only . but also。作not only . but also解释时，重点在前面，A as well as B = not only B but also A，翻译时要注意语序。 例如： 1) I read French and German as well as English. 我不仅读英语，而且读法语和德语。 2) M

16、ary speaks Chinese as well as English. 玛丽既讲英语也讲汉语。,Translation Practice,Practice 3 Translate the sentences into Chinese.,1. A census is the official count of the number of people living in a city, state, or country. 2. Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1.008. 3. The finished

17、products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.,成品在出厂前应该进行抽样检查。,人口调查是对居住在一个城市、一个州或一个国家的全部人数的统计。,或：人口调查就是正式统计居住在一个城市、一个州或一个国家的全部人 数。,氢是最轻的元素，原子量为1.008。,Translation Practice,Practice 3 Translate the sentences into Chinese.,4. Candidates for this company are expected to

18、 be skilled at using a computer. 5. Light as it comes from the sun is a mixture of light of many different colours. 6. He works as usual as if nothing happened to him.,他照常工作，好像什么事也没有发生过。,这家公司要求应聘人员能熟练使用计算机。,太阳光是由许多不同颜色的光混合而成的。,Translation Practice,Practice 4 Translate the sentences into Chinese.,1.

19、The typical daily newspaper contains articles about local, regional, national, and international news, as well as sports news, weather reports, editorials, and other features. 2. The Sunday papers, on the other hand, are intended to entertain as well as inform, and they tend to be read leisurely by

20、all members of the family.,而星期天的报纸除了提供信息之外，还提供娱乐内容，供所有家庭成员阅读消遣。,典型的日报刊载本地新闻、区域新闻、国内新闻和国际新闻，以及体育新闻、气象预报、社论和其他特辑等。,Translation Practice,3. They contain articles about the important national and international news of the week, and special sections are devoted to news about such areas as business, scien

21、ce, education, and arts. 4. I have heard increasing discussion about whether daily newspapers will continue to exist but this was the first real acknowledgement that traditional newspapers are in deep enough trouble to consider changes that were once unthinkable.,Practice 4 Translate the sentences i

22、nto Chinese.,我已经听到越来越多有关日报是否会继续生存的讨论，可是这一回是真正地承认传统报纸深陷困境，要考虑改革，以前这些改革曾经是不可思议的。,它们刊载一周国内和国际的重要新闻，还有一些专栏则刊登有关商业、科学、教育和艺术等领域的新闻。,Translation Practice,5. In my opinion, the writing is on the wall. Because of the Internet, national and international news certainly has become an “instant access” commodity

23、. People are not willing to wait for as long as a day to find out what happened.,Practice 4 Translate the sentences into Chinese.,在我看来，（传统报纸的）厄运临头的预兆已经出现。由于有了互联网，国内新闻和国际新闻无疑已成为了“即时可获得的”商品。人们不愿去等上一整天只是为了解过去发生些什么。,Translation Practice,Practice 5 Translate the sentences into English with the words or e

24、xpressions given.,1. 我们一定要努力学习，以赶上时代的步伐。(keep up with) 2. 他们经常为市场提供新产品。(supply . with) 3. 这份报纸的这一版面都用于刊登当地新闻。(devote to) 4. 他们认为有必要对自己网站上的每日新闻提供深度报道。(v. + it + a. + to v.),They consider it necessary to give in-depth reports of daily news on their web site.,We must study hard to keep up with the time

25、s.,They often supply the market with new commodities.,This page of the newspaper is devoted to local news.,Translation Practice,Practice 5 Translate the sentences into English with the words or expressions given.,5. 虽然电视和电台都能更快地提供新闻，但它们在提供深度见解方面 却是有局限性的。(be limited in) 6. 尽管我自己有一个庞大的联络网，可我也做不到对任何事情都

26、一直 了解得一清二楚。(on top of),Even though I myself have a huge network, I cannot be on top of everything all the time.,Television and radio can all deliver news faster, but they are limited in providing in-depth insights.,Guided Writing,Practice 6 Rewrite the sentences using the joining words in brackets.,

27、MODEL: I reached the school. It was half past eight. (when) I reached the school when it was half past eight.,Guided Writing,Practice 6 Rewrite the sentences using the joining words in brackets.,1. Tim will have to find a job. Then he can support his family. (so that) 2. John worked very late last n

28、ight. He intended to solve this problem. (because) 3. I did not realize the importance of the meeting. He told me about it. (until) 4. Carter discovered an ancient tomb. Strange reports appeared in the newspaper. (after),Strange reports appeared in newspaper after Carter discovered an ancient tomb.,

29、Tim will have to find a job so that he can support his family.,John worked very late last night because he intended to solve this problem.,I did not realize the importance of the meeting until he told me about it.,Guided Writing,Practice 6 Rewrite the sentences using the joining words in brackets.,5

30、. Many people were absent. We decided to put the meeting off. (since) 6. My father helps me with my homework. He does this when he has time. (whenever) 7. Any book will do. It is interesting. (as long as) 8. Youll miss the train. You are quick. (unless),Youll miss the train unless you are quick.,Sin

31、ce many people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.,My father helps me with my homework whenever he has time.,Any book will do as long as it is interesting.,Guided Writing,Practice 7 Make necessary changes and additions to each of these groups of words and phrases so that you get a comple

32、te telephone message from Mr. Burrows to his secretary, Miss Brown, explaining his absence.,MODEL: She / not / come / office / yesterday She did not come to the office yesterday.,Guided Writing,Practice 7 Make necessary changes and additions to each of these groups of words and phrases so that you g

33、et a complete telephone message from Mr. Burrows to his secretary, Miss Brown, explaining his absence.,1. Be / that you / Miss Brown 2. This / be Burrows 3. I / be / unable / come / office / this morning,I am unable to come to the office this morning.,Is that you, Miss Brown?,This is Burrows.,Guided

34、 Writing,Practice 7 Make necessary changes and additions to each of these groups of words and phrases so that you get a complete telephone message from Mr. Burrows to his secretary, Miss Brown, explaining his absence.,4. I / feel / unwell / yesterday / call / doctor 5. He / come / evening / examine

35、me 6. He / say / I / have / mild attack / fever,He said I had a mild attack of fever.,I felt unwell yesterday and called the/a doctor.,He came in the evening and examined me.,Guided Writing,Practice 7 Make necessary changes and additions to each of these groups of words and phrases so that you get a

36、 complete telephone message from Mr. Burrows to his secretary, Miss Brown, explaining his absence.,7. And he / advise / me / stay / bed / few days 8. I / hope / I / be/ better / by Thursday 9. Please / not / worry / anything / till then,I hope I shall be better by Thursday.,And he advised me to stay

37、 in bed for a few days.,Please do not worry about anything till then.,Guided Writing,请假条 请假条有事假条、病假条等。请假条是由个人向主管提交的，因此文体应正规，内容须紧凑，理由要充分，必要时，应附上证明。,Practice 8,Guided Writing,EXAMPLE 1:,Dear Sir, Owing to a bad cold, I am unable to attend classes today. I now submit a medical certificate issued by the

38、 doctor. Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance. Yours respectfully, George R. Finlay,Guided Writing,EXAMPLE 2:,English 1st Year, Class A April 25, 2008 To Department Office Secretary Frick: As my brother is moving to Canada tomorrow, I shall be very much obliged if you will grant me my applicatio

39、n for one days leave tomorrow. Yours respectfully, Robin Ford,Guided Writing,Practice 8,按上述样式写一张因头痛而不能上课的请假条。,English 2nd Year, Class B April 21, 2008 To Department Office Ms. Smith, Owing to a severe headache, I shall be unable to attend classes today. I enclose a medical certificate from the docto

40、r. Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance. Yours respectfully, Li Ming,1. Listen and practice. Sample dialogue 1 Sample dialogue 2,Part I Conversation Practice: Giving Advice,Listening and Speaking,Listening and Speaking,Salesman: _ this wooden vase? Its very nice and it will certainly _. Miss Smi

41、th: Oh, this is what I want, _. I like it very much. Ill take it. Salesman: Shall I pack it for you? Mark: Yes please. _ in this silk handkerchief? Salesman: Sure. _ to wrap it up this way? Mark: _. Thanks.,2. Now listen to a dialogue and fill in the blanks with the information you get from the tape

42、.,How do you like,remind you of China,a typical Chinese souvenir,Can you pack the box,Would you like me,Great,Mr. Brown: _ (您能否给我提些建议) on how to spend the two days Ill stay in Beijing? Miss Jiang: Two days? I think _ (你应该 去一趟) the Ming Tombs and the Great Wall. Mr. Brown: _ (那么紫禁城 (the Forbidden Cit

43、y)呢)? Miss Jiang: _ (那留着明天去). You could visit the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace on the second day. Mr. Brown: It sounds marvelous! But _ _(我们还有 足够的时间看京剧吗)? Miss Jiang: Yes. _ (如果你不觉得太累的话), you could go to the theatre in the evening.,Now listen to another dialogue and then translate the Chines

44、e sentences into English according to the information you get from the tape.,Listening and Speaking,Could you give me some advice,you should visit,Then how about the Forbidden City,Thats for the second day,will we have time to enjoy Beijing Opera,If you arent too tired,4. Now listen to the third dia

45、logue and try to play the salesgirls part.,Listening and Speaking,Mrs. Black: Id like to buy some typical Chinese gifts for my husband in England. Could you recommend something for me? Salesgirl: _ _ Mrs. Black: Oh, its so lovely. But Im afraid I might break it on my way home. Salesgirl: _ Mrs. Blac

46、k: Great, thanks a lot. Salesgirl: _,How about this tea set, maam? Its well-known all over the world.,Dont worry. Ill pack it in a beautiful box.,Youre welcome,Part Listening Practice,Listening and Speaking,1. Listen to the people talking about where to buy some of the things they need. Why did they

47、 decide to go to the shops they chose? Choose the correct answers,Listening and Speaking,2-1. You are going to hear a short passage. Listen to it twice and then put the answer to the question in the blank. Question: What good will these rules do to you? Answer:,They will let us have a big chance to

48、live to a good old age.,Listening and Speaking,2-2. Listen to the passage again and tick () which of the following are mentioned and which are not mentioned as the golden rules?,Listening and Speaking,2-2. Listen to the passage again and tick out () which of the following are mentioned and which are

49、 not mentioned as the golden rules?,English Songs,English Songs,Ill Always Love You,Ill always love you For the rest of my days You have won my heart and my soul With your sweet, sexy ways You gave me hope When I needed someone near You bring me happiness Everyday of every year And Ill always love you For all that you are You have made my life c