工业工程专业英语.ppt

1、A,1,Chapter1 Introduction to Industrial Engineering,Unit 1 Introduction to IE Unit 2 History of IE Unit 3 Academic Disciplines of IE Unit 4 Development of IE,A,2,Origin and Definition of Industrial Engineering,Manufacturing Services Origin of IE Definition of IE,A,3,Manufacturing,Manufacturing is de

2、fined as making of articles by physical labor or machinery, especially on a large scale. by physical labor: a person with hand tools used craft skills to make objects. by machinery: it has played an increasing role. on a large scale: with the mass production,A,4,Services,Health-care delivery systems

3、 Transportation systems Governments Banks Departments and supermarkets,A,5,Characteristics of Services,Products are intangible Closely contact with customers High intensive-labor Difficult to evaluate performance Difficult to control quality of services,A,6,Original of Industrial Engineering,Enginee

4、ring Science Industry,A,7,Engineering,Engineering is concerned with the application of scientific knowledge to the solution of problems and to the quest for a “better life.” e.g.: the Egypt Pyramids, the Great Wall, the Roman construction Civil Chemical Electrical Industrial Mechanical Military Manu

5、facturing Nuclear Electronic Computer Aeronautical Astronautical Bioengineering Agricultural/Ocean,A,8,Science,Science is concerned with the quest for basic knowledge. e.g.:Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Social science (Behavior science, psychology, philosophy, sociology),A,9,Engineering and

6、Science,Engineering and science have developed in a parallel, complementary fashion, although not always at the same pace. Obviously, knowledge cannot be applied until it is discovered, and once discovered, it will soon be put to use. In its efforts to solve problems, engineering provides feedback t

7、o science in areas where new knowledge is needed. Thus, science and engineering work hand in hand.,A,10,Modern era of engineering,Beginning in 1750 ,Engineering schools appeared in France in the eighteenth century. The term civil engineer was first used in 1750 military engineering civil engineering

8、 mechanical engineering: steam engine electrical science:electricity and magnetism,A,11,Definition of Industrial Engineering,Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment, and energy. It draws upo

9、n specialized knowledge and skill in the mechanical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict, and evaluate, the results to be obtained from such systems,A,12,Understanding the definition of IE,Industrial: any organ

10、ization integrated systems: a factory, a city specialized knowledge: mechanical, physical, and social sciences, the principles and methods of engineering analysis Objectives: to specify, predict, and evaluate, the results to be obtained from such systems,A,13,Understanding the definition of IE,Disci

11、pline character: Engineering tech. Research object: systems (macro/micro) Theory the design and construction of new machines,A,16,Formulation of Industrial Engineering,Frederick Winslow Taylor (泰勒，1856-1915) American inventor, engineer, and efficiency expert noted for his innovations in industrial e

12、ngineering and management. Analyze and improve the method of performing work, reduce the times required, and set standards (time study) The Principles of Scientific Management (1911),A,17,Formulation of Industrial Engineering,Frank B. Gilbreth (吉尔布雷斯，1868-1924) the identification, analysis, and meas

13、urement of fundamental motions involved in performing work （motion study) This was a fundamental step in the development of industrial engineering as profession based on “science” rather than “art.”,A,18,Formulation of Industrial Engineering,Dr. Lillian Gilbreth (1878-1972) , wife of Frank .She witn

14、essed and contributed to the birth, growth, and maturation of the IE profession. the first lady of engineering the first woman to be elected to the National Academy of Engineering,A,19,Formulation of Industrial Engineering,Henry Laurence Gantt (1861-1919) American engineer Gantt chart The Gantt char

15、t was a significant contribution in that it provided a systematic graphical procedure for preplanning and scheduling work activities, reviewing progress, and updating the schedule. Gantt charts are still in widespread use today.,A,20,Formulation of Industrial Engineering,W.A. Shewhart Developed the

16、fundamental principles of statistical quality control in 1924. This was another important development in providing a scientific base to industrial engineering practice.,A,21,Formulation of Industrial Engineering,Many other industrial engineering pioneers contributed to the early development of the p

17、rofession. During the 1920s and 1930s much fundamental work was done on economic aspects of managerial decisions, inventory problems, incentive plans, factory layout problems, material handling problems, and principles of organization.,A,22,Scientific management,Peter Drucker systematic work study,A

18、,23,Chronology of IE,A,24,Characteristics and Functions of Industrial Engineering,Features of academic discipline Industrial engineering as a profession Professional ethics IE functions,A,25,Features of academic discipline,(1) Engineering (2) Cross-disciplines (3) Manufacturing and services oriented

19、,A,26,Industrial engineering as a profession,(1) Associated with a profession is a significant body of special knowledge. (2) Preparation for a profession includes an internship-like training period following the formal education. (3) The standards of a profession, including a code of ethics, are ma

20、intained at a high level through a self-policing system of controls over those practicing the profession. (4) Each member of a profession recognizes his responsibilities to society over and above responsibilities to his client or to other members of the profession.,A,27,Professional ethics,Engineers

21、 are frequently involved in decisions that have a profound effect on society. The design of particular devices almost always involves the safety of the user. The design of the processes frequently affects the environment. The design and location of a factory affect the community and its citizens. Th

22、e design of a management system greatly affects the individuals working for the organization their comfort, their sense of worth, their financial status, and so on.,A,28,IE functions,Production operations Management systems Corporate Services,A,29,Unit 3 Academic Disciplines of Industrial Engineerin

23、g,Big five disciplines Management Operations Research Systems Engineering Statistics Ergonomics Manufacturing Engineering,A,30,Big five disciplines,Big five:civil, chemical, electrical, industrial, and mechanical engineering Others: nuclear engineering, electronic engineering, aeronautical engineeri

24、ng, computer engineering, astronautical engineering, environmental engineering, bioengineering, agricultural engineering and ocean engineering,A,31,Management,Production management-concepts and techniques specific to the analysis and management of production activity; how to analyze and design produ

25、ctive systems and the control procedures for efficiently operating such systems The training of a race car driver is analogous to management education: the design of the car is analogous to industrial engineering education.,A,32,Management,Planning Organizing Coordinating Controlling encouraging Com

26、municating,A,33,Operations research,Definition of O.R. Similarity to IE Nature of O.R. Categorization of O.R.,A,34,Operations research,Definition of O.R. The attack of modern science on complex problems arising in the direction and management of large systems of men, machines, materials, and money i

27、n industry, business, government, and defense. The distinctive approach is to develop a scientific model of the system, incorporating measurement of factors such as chance and risk, with which to predict and compare the outcomes of alterative decisions, strategies, or controls. The purpose is to hel

28、p management determine its policies and actions scientifically.,A,35,Operations research,Similarity to IE IE and O.R. have commonalities. O.R. and IE indeed do have many of the same objectives and work on many of the same problems. The primary difference is that O.R. has a higher level of theoretica

29、l and mathematical orientation, providing a major portion of the science base of IE.,A,36,Operations research,A,37,Operations research,Nature of O.R. Mathematical involvement e.g.: economic order quantity （经济订货量） Plant location （工厂选址） Job evaluation Quality control Transportation programming problem

30、s,A,38,Operations research,Categorization of O.R. Deterministic ApproachAny time random variation is not allowed Probabilistic ApproachAny time random variation is allowed,A,39,Systems Engineering,Definition of a system Classifications of systems Systems of IE,A,40,Systems Engineering,Definition of

31、a system A system may be defined as a set of components which are related by some form of interaction, and which act together to achieve some objective or purpose.,A,41,Systems Engineering,Classifications of systems Natural vs. Man-Made Systems Static vs. Dynamic Systems Physical vs. Abstract System

32、s Open vs. Closed Systems,A,42,Systems Engineering,Systems of IE Industrial engineers design systems at two levels. The first level is called human activity systems and is concerned with the physical workplace at which human activity occurs. The second level is called management control systems and

33、is concerned with procedures for planning, measuring, and controlling all activities within the organization.,A,43,Systems Engineering,Systems of IE cybernetics Norbert Wiener (1894-1964), American mathematician who founded the field of cybernetics. control and Communication in the Animal and the Ma

34、chine Claude Shannon (香农), Information theory The Mathematical Theory of Communication,A,44,Systems Engineering,Systems of IE Negative feedback e.g.:The most commonly used example of negative feedback is the thermostat. When the temperature drops sufficiently below some desired value, the thermostat

35、 initiates the heating portion of the cycle, and the heat is added until a temperature is reached that is greater than the desired temperature. Heating is then stopped to permit cooling to negate the overheating. Negative feedback means that some action is taken to oppose or negate an unacceptable d

36、ifference.,A,45,Systems Engineering,Systems of IE Negative feedback e.g.:a conceptual model of negative feedback in management systems,A,46,Statistics,Statistics has been and will continue to be distinct from industrial engineering. However, the approach of industrial engineering has changed signifi

37、cantly; the world around us is viewed as probabilistic in nature rather than deterministic. By deterministic it is meant that all actions under consideration in a particular study situation are assumed to be certain. Probabilistic implies that at least one aspect of the study situation has a probabi

38、lity of occurrence associated with it that must be considered.,A,47,Ergonomics,Ergonomics previously called human factors, is A subdiscipline of industrial engineering, closely associated with both industrial and experiment psychology. Human-machine system design: Physiological aspects of human perf

39、ormance Psychological aspects of human activities Human interface with the world of work,A,48,Manufacturing Engineering,Manufacturing Engineering may be defined as designing the production process for a product. Industrial engineering and manufacturing engineering are distinct and typical complement

40、ary functions in a manufacturing organization. Most firms need both functions represented in their organizations to be truly effective. If one tries to substitute one function for the other, the function omitted typically represents a weakness in that manufacturing organization that will likely limi

41、t the overall capacity of the technical effort in that organization.,A,49,Manufacturing Engineering,A typical manufacturing engineering department is composed of numerous technical professionals (mechanical engineers, thermodynamicists, material engineers, computer scientists, etc.). Each profession

42、al represents some part of the technical processes in use at that manufacturing plant.,A,50,Manufacturing Engineering,The machine to an industrial engineer is a black box that has a production rate, yield rate, required operator skills, process capabilities, and other production system attributes. T

43、he industrial engineer is concerned with developing a production system that produces the required quantity of products at an appropriate cost and quality.,A,51,Manufacturing Engineering,The industrial engineering responsibility involves the integration of workers, machines, materials, information,

44、capital, and managerial know-how into a producing system that will produce the right product, at the right cost, at the right time. Manufacturing engineering technical talent is one of the underlying technical plant-supporting resources that guarantee success of that production system.,A,52,Manufacturi