大学英语四级写作备考方法与技巧讲座

1、,大学英语四级写作备考讲座,写作高分要决,作文得分技巧总结：,1、 卷面整洁，书写清楚 2、 构思简单，少犯错误 3、 中心突出，层次分明 4、 固定经典，名言注目 5、 重在变化，宁简勿烂,下面就对以上五点在应试作文中的应用展开具体说明： 第一、 卷面整洁，书写清楚。 由于这是主观题，考官将依据主观印象进行评判。卷面的好坏将在第一时间冲击考官对你作文的印象。所以，建议你先想清楚后动笔，减少涂改或乱划，让考官能清楚无误的看清你的试卷内容。加之，所有试卷将扫描，考官在电脑前披阅作文，故最好使用黑色水笔做答，以保证扫描效果。,写作的格式有两种：齐头式（full block form）和缩进式(in

2、dented form)。采用齐头式，要求所有段落的首行，都在左边顶格，段落中间空行。缩进式要求每段首行缩进四到五个字母。 另外，字写得大且端正，可显得文章清楚，也可以弥补字写得不好的缺点。,第二、 构思简单，少犯错误。 请一定记住，外语考试的作文，考查的目标不是考生的思维水平或逻辑分析能力，而是考核语言表达能力。所以建议采取的措施是，简化自己的思维和分析。也就是，如何降低自己的思维水平，来迎合自己有限的语言状况。因为，阅卷人员在看你文章前，不知道你哪些话会说，哪些不会说。所以，只说自己会说的。这样也避免犯错误。,请一定避免简单但严重的错误。如：单复数、主谓一致、时态、搭配和简单词的拼写。因为

3、这些错误的出现就标志着语言的基本素养是否到位。文章写完后，主要检查句子中的主谓是否搭配得当，名词是否处理得当。,第三、 中心突出，层次分明。 从近几年的四级考试作文看来，尽管实用性提高了，但行文大多可以套用“中心句1、2、3”模式。 即，每段第一句是Topic sentence，改编自该段相对应的提纲，后面的1、2、3是链接词，每个1、2、3后接分支观点。这种表达，中心突出，层次分明，同时也节省了考生构思结构的麻烦。,第四、 固定经典，名言注目。 经典句和名言往往都比较容易引人注目，如果能在文中使用，也比较容易让人为之一振。,第五、 重在变化，宁简勿烂。 作文考试评卷中，大多采用加分原则。“难

4、词长句”不是加分的必然。关键在于变化。变化分为，词的变化，句的变化。在用词上，同一文章中，相同意义的词要争取不断的用近意词替换，这样就显得用词灵活。如文中出现3次“毕业生”，不妨用三个类同词替换：graduates, the students, the young men. 在用句上，不一定要用大的从句，主要避免相邻句子句式太多的一致。比如可以采用，被动句、转折句、并列句、插入语等简单易行的办法加以替换,但是，无论是增加亮点还是增加变化，有一个前提：不得过多出现简单但严重的语言错误。因为这些错误是致命的。就如开车，无论车技多好，就是不能出事。所以，当估计自己语言基础不是太好是，请保持“宁简勿烂

5、”。宁可用最简单的句子，最简单的词，最简单的观点，也不能出现这些严重错误。,在临考准备时，要忌讳以下情况。 第一、盲目。盲目相信所谓“秘宗”或“内部透露试卷”，四六级考试是科学性较高的国内英文考试，在日益提高安全性的前提下，漏题的机会几乎没有。 第二，只看不练。只看题目，或只构思，而不动手练习。四六级考试的作文部分是考查学生对英语的主动应用能力，所以一定要动笔，固定一下表达和构思。,评分原则,1. CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。 2. CET作文题采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Rewa

6、rd Scores）,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 3. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体，作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。 4. 避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括0分，一名阅卷人员在所阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。,评分标准,14 points. 切题. 表达思想清楚, 文字通顺,连贯性好.基本无语言上错误,仅有个别小错. 11 points 切题.表达思想清楚, 文字通顺,连

7、贯性好.但有少量语言错误. 8 points 基本切题.有些地方表达思想不够连贯,语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误. 5 points 基本切题. 表达思想不清楚,连贯性差.有较多数为严重错误. 2 points 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多为严重错误。,备考四大步骤,一、背诵：首先认真研究历年四级写作真题，重点研究近5年真题，分析近年来四级写作的出题规律和考试重点，从语言、结构、内容三大层面，认真研读经典写作真题范文：语言方面学习范文中的精彩词汇、词组、句型;结构方面学习范文的框架结构、内在逻辑、关联词、同义替换和代词替换;内容方面学习范文的论点、论据和论证

8、。同时背诵精彩写作范文，要求滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善，扎扎实实提高自己的写作实力。,二、默写：背诵熟练之后默写下来，仔细对照原文，会发现你默写的文章与原文有一些语法、拼写、标点的区别，这些区别就是你的写作弱点，学习关键在于针锋突破，不要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分的原因所在，把这些弱点意义克服，分数自然就会提高。,三、中译英：首先将写作真题范文译为中文，或参考范文的正确译文，然后进行中译英的工作，根据自己的理解把中文译为英文，最后对照英文原文，你会发现你的译文与原文存在较大的差别，这些差别正是你写作低分的症结所在。同样的一个中文句子，仔细对比一下你使用了哪些词汇、词组和句型，原文使

9、用了哪些，这样你的写作水平才会逐渐提高。,四、写作：进行完上述工作之后，在考前必须进行写作的工作，只有动笔写作，才会发现自己的问题。可以写510篇真题或模拟题，模仿自己曾经背诵过的精彩词汇、词组、句型、框架和范文，写出一篇新的文章。最初不要求速度，但考前一定要进行模考，半小时写出一篇120-150词的文章。写完之后仔细修改其中的语言错误，将其改的更加精彩。,四级历年真题(2013-2007),2013年6月多题多卷 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start

10、your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of learning basic skills. You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words. Write your essay on,2012年12月大学英语四级作文真题,【作文一】 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Lette

11、r Applying for a Bank Loan. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese。 1. 你的基本情况 your basic information1 2. 你申请贷款的原因、数额及用途 you reason for the loan, the amount and purpose 3. 你如何保证专款专用以及你的还款打算,Education pays,2012年6月英语四级考试作文,Part Writing (30minutes) Directions: F

12、or this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象 2.出现这一现象的原因 3.我对这一现象的看法和建议 On Excessive Packaging,2011年12月英语四级作文题目,Directions: Youre allow

13、ed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of time.Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,2011年6月大学英语四级真题,Directions: For this p

14、art, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3我的建议 Online Shopping,2010年12月大学英语四级,Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short

15、essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?,2010年6月英语四级考试真题,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to wri

16、te a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2. 出现这种情况的原因 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为 Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling,2009年12月大学英语四级,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30

17、minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该 Creating a Green Campus,2009年6月英语四级,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay

18、 on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？ Free admission to museums,2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题,Recreational Activities Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write

19、 A Letter of Apology according to the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1.娱乐活动多种多样 2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3.作为大学生，我的看法。,2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limitin

20、g the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1.一次性塑料袋的使用 2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义,2007年12月英语四级考试作文题,What electives to choose 1、各大学开设了各种各样的选修课 2、学生出于各种原因选择不同的选修课 3、以你自己为例,2007年6月英语四级作文题目,An announcement to welcome students to join to

21、 a club Welcome to our club 1、本社团的主要活动内容 2、参加本社团的好处 3、如何加入本社团,2013年6月,The Big is the Little Nothing can be done except little by little, the French poet Baudelaire Charles once said. Most people, however, often ignore such a truth. So does the little boy shown in the picture. He expresses his worrie

22、s to his father about disposing of nuclear waste, but is told that he can achieve nothing if he doesnt empty the dustbin first. Every single little thing you can do today matters. The truth has been tested for ages, and thousands of great people have set good examples for us. For instance, Leonardo

23、da Vinci, the world-renowned master in painting, starts his career with repeated egg-drawing. Lu Xun, the great man of letters, reminded himself to get up early by inscribing the character “morning” on his desk. As university students, from my point of view, we should aim high, but at the same time,

24、 we shall never measure a task by its size. All in all, only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.,12年12月Education Pay,From the bar chart given above, we can observe that it reflects the statistics of income among people of di

25、fferent educational background. Those who possess a doctoral degree earn 1,551dollars median weekly, ranking first among people of other education level. The median weekly earnings of people with associate degree and below can not reach the average of 797 dollars, ranking from 768 dollars to 451 dol

26、lars. As for the unemployment rate, 2.5 % of people with doctoral degree will suffer form unemployment. However, the unemployment rate of people with some college, no degree and lower degree surpass the mean value of 7.6%， ranking from 8.7% to 14.1%.,The bar chart of Education Pays reveals a phenome

27、non that there exits some difference in incomes and unemployment rate among people with different educational level. Quite a few reasons can account for this phenomenon: for one thing, with the advancement of technology and the adjustment of industrial structure, quite a few high-tech industries eme

28、rge overnight, which leads to a soar demand of workforces with high educational degree, thus, it is natural that graduates with bachelor and higher degree get a high pay-packet and enjoy a stable job. Additionally, those with educational background under associate degree are easily dismissed and pai

29、d by low salary. They can be replaced any time due to the fact that their jobs are easy and can be finished by average people.,Definitely, the higher education degree you get, the more likely you are to enjoy a competitive edge in the employment market. Thus, the authorities should enforce some poli

30、cies to ensure the equity of education. Only in this way can more people lead a stable and comfortable life.,12年12月,Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will It is universally acknowledged that people cannot succeed or achieve their targets without a strong will and persistence. One of the most typical

31、 examples is that in present-day society, a growing number of people give up or fail to quit smoking just because of their poor willpower during the process. A variety of factors may account for this phenomenon as follows. For one thing, no one can deny the fact that persistence is the key point in

32、accomplishing ones task. It is of importance for people to stick to their original aim. A great number of dragsters would stop smoking a couple of days after they have made their determination, but only a few of them may succeed in the end. For another, the people who cannot quit smoking may easily

33、be affected by his circumstance and surroundings. In that case, people tend to fail to resist various temptations around them. From what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that only by concentrating on the object and strong self-discipline can we obtain our goals successf

34、ully in the future.,2010年12月英语四级作文及范文,How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? It is nothing unusual to find overprotective parents who help their children in all aspects of life. The question is, are they sure their heart loaded with love will bring good to their children? Lets look at t

35、he real situation of the second-rich generation. Some of them, rather than becoming the second-strong generation, becomes the defeated generation which is notorious for their life focused on consumption rather than creation. Because of the changes of education in history, most Chinese parents, thoug

36、h successfully accumulate wealth, dont know much about the right value they should pass on to the new generation. They have tried all that they can to be good parents while neglecting the core value they should address, which is INDEPENDENCE.,2010年6月作文 Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling,Nowad

37、ays, students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study. This phenomenon greatly influences students writing and brings on worries among teachers. There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon. First of all, exam-oriented education makes the s

38、tudents pay less attention to spelling. what is more, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they dont emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching. Last but not least, some students are too lazy to recite words. Since spelling is one of the most important factors in English

39、 study, due attention should be given to i-t. As for me, I think, first, exams should be modified to add some factors into it, which would help student, pay more attention to spelling. Then, schools should also set up effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the impor

40、tance. Finally, for students themselves, they can, through other ways, make them be interested in word spelling. Only by these can we surly realize the importance of spelling and make improvement.,2009年12月英语四级作文及范文,Create a Green Campus It is of great importance to make and maintain a green campus i

41、n our university or college. Obviously, a growing number of people are beginning to realize that it is our duty to do that in the present days, since the concept of “a green world” has become the focus of the society. The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment. To begin with, the dev

42、elopment on the campus is to be sustainable and recyclable. Some of the authorities budget should be on how to reduce of the waste. Whats more, wed better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us. Thus the idea of environmental protection may become a common occurrence in our daily life. I

43、t is necessary that effective actions should be taken to protect our campus from waste and pollution, and hence these activities are to play an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. Certainly, there is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campuses.,2009年6月英

44、语四级作文及范文 Free Admission to Museums,Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as theres a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and histor

45、y with every average person in our society. Only with free access to this live database, can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them. However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well. The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy ec

46、onomic burden which directly impedes the sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some

47、 of which might not be well-purposed and do some conscious or unconscious damage to the valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in the museums. As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct. Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potentia

48、l problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some closed days for museums for regular maintenance. Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a long-lasting phenomenon and have sustainable development.,作文的命题思路,命题思路变化点评： 四

49、六级委员会作文命题是围绕“一个中心，（以学生生活为中心）两个基本点（情景作文出现和经典段落的重组）”来展开的。 目前命题思路有以下两大变化：,思路是：把各种经典的段落进行排列和组合。 命题主要是把十种经典的段落进行自由组合，形成新的题目。 十大经典段落 1第一段：Introduction 现象现状描述段图表描述段对立观点陈述段 2第二段：Body 利弊说明段 意义阐释段（概念，图表） 原因列举段 举例论证段 3第三段：Conclusion 归纳结论段 预测趋势段 建议措施段,大学英语四级写作题材及类型,四级写作的题材具有显著的现实性，基本可以分为两大类： 1. 贴近大学生的学习工作及课余生活的

50、校园题材 2. 论及当前社会的现象、发展变化及进步的热点话题。,作文模板基本分类,现象解释型,1 Topic:_ 1.Recently,_. 2 What amazes us most is _. 3 It is true that_ 4 There are many reasons accounting for _ . 5 The main reason is _. 6 Whats more, _.7 Finally, _ .8 As a result, _ . 9 Considering all this, _ . 10 For one thing,_ .11 For another, _

51、 . 12 In conclusion , _ .,Topic 1 Nowadays, _. 2 For one thing, _. 3 For another, _. 4 It is obvious that_. 5 Many remarkable factors contribute to _. 6 first and foremost, _.7 In addition, _. 8 Last but not least, _. 9 As to me,_. 10 As we know, _. 11 Besides, _. 12 In a word, _.,1.下图所示为2000，2005，2

52、010年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化 2.说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明） 3.你认为大学生在使用计算机中有什么困难和问题。,1.Recently, there has been a tremendous growth in the student use of computers since 2000. 2 What amazes us most is that the average hours a student spend using computers grow up to 20hours per week in 2010. 3 I

53、t is true that college students are spending more hours in using computers today.,4 There are many reasons accounting for this growth. 5 The main reason is that computers can be widely used in study. 6 Whats more, computer prices decrease greatly.7 Finally, charges for using PC have dropped .8 As a

54、result, more college students can afford computers for daily life.,9 Considering all this, I dont believe many students make full use of computers. 10 For one thing, computers are often used as a typewriter on campus.11 For another, some students use computers only in a small field. 12 In conclusion

55、, we should try to help students make better use of computers.,对比选择型作文模板 1 Topic:_ 1 There is a heated debate over _. 2 It is commonly accepted that _. 3 In contrast, others _. 4 Those who hold the first opinion suggest _. 5 In their view, _. 6 However, others think_. 7 They argue that _. 8 Consider

56、ing one after another, I stand on the side of _. 9 First of all, _. 10 Further more, _. 11 finally, _. 12 Therefore, _.,问题解决型 Topic:_ 1 There is no denying that sth is of great importance for us to _. 2 On the one hand, _. 3 On the other hand,_. 4 However, we have figure out many ways to _. 5 To beg

57、in with, _. 6 So long as _. 7 In addition, _. 8 Finally, _. 9 In fact, _. 10 That is because _. 11 In a word, _.,2 Topic:_ 1 Nowadays, there is a growing concern on _. 2 Its certain that _. 3 However,_. 4 It will cause many serious results if _. 5 Firstly, _. 6 Secondly, _. 7 Finally, _. 8 In spite of all these, there are still many ways_. 9 First of all, _.