车辆制动装置Vehicle Braking Device

车辆制动装置VehicleBrakingDevice任务六120型控制阀MISSION6120CONTROLVALVE主讲人李西安ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGESpeakerLiXi’an主阀由作用部、减速部、局减阀、加速缓解阀和紧急二段阀等五部分组成Themainvalveconsistsofanoperatingpart,adeceleratingpart,alocalreducingvalve,anacceleratingreleasingvalve,andanemergencysecondaryvalve主阀是控制阀的心脏部分，它根据制动管不同的压力变化，控制制动机实现充气、缓解、制动、保压等作用。Themainvalveistheheartpartofthecontrolvalve,whichcontrolsthebraketoachieveinflation,relief,braking,pressurepreservationandotherfunctionsaccordingtothedifferentpressurechangesofthebraketube.作用部Operatingsection1主活塞是一个组合件，将主活塞12、O形密封圈19、主活塞膜板（φ126S形橡胶膜板）14、主活塞压扳13等零件套装在主活塞杆11的上端，并在端头的外螺纹上拧紧主活塞压扳螺母18，将上述零件压紧。Themainpistonisaassembly,themainpiston12,O-ring19,themainpistonfilmplate(φ126S-shapedrubberfilmplate)14,themainpistonpressureplate13andotherpartsaresetontheupperendofthemainpistonrod11,andtightenthemainpistonpressurenut18ontheexternalthreadoftheendhead,andpresstheaboveparts.主活塞上侧通制动管，下侧滑阀室通副风缸，作用部就是利用主活塞上、下两侧即制动管与副风缸的压力差，使主活塞带动节制阀和滑阀上下移动，形成各个不同的作用位置。Theuppersideofthemainpistonisthroughthebraketube,andthelowersideoftheslidevalvechamberisthroughtheauxiliaryaircylinder.Theoperatingsectionistousethepressuredifferencebetweentheupperandlowersidesofthemainpiston,thatis,thebraketubeandtheauxiliaryaircylinder,sothatthemainpistondrivesthecontrolvalveandtheslidevalvetomoveupanddowntoformdifferentactivepositions.作用部的构造由主活塞12、节制阀弹簧24、节制阀23、滑阀簧21、滑阀10、滑阀销25、滑阀座20（即滑阀套）、稳定装置等零部件组成。Thestructureoftheoperatingsectioniscomposedofmainpiston12,controlvalvespring24,controlvalve23,slidevalvespring21,slidevalve10,slidevalvepin25,slidevalveseat20(thatis,slidevalvesleeve),stabilitydeviceandotherparts.作用部Operatingsection1节制阀是一个气路开关，嵌装在主活塞杆中部的小凹槽内，由节制阀弹簧压紧在滑阀背面（节制阀座），节制阀随主活塞一同移动，分别连通或切断滑阀背面上各相关通路，配合滑阀与滑阀座所连通的气路，实现分配阀相应的作用性能。Thecontrolvalveisagasswitch,embeddedinthesmallgrooveinthemiddleofthemainpistonrod,thecontrolvalvespringispressedonthebackoftheslidevalve(controlseat),thecontrolvalvemoveswiththemainpiston,respectivelyconnectedorcutofftherelevantpathonthebackoftheslidevalve,withtheslidevalveandtheslidevalveseatconnectedbythegaspath,toachievethecorrespondingperformanceofthedistributionvalve.滑阀也是一个气路开关，嵌装在主活塞杆的上、下两肩之间，沿主活塞杆的轴向与主活塞杆的两肩有6mm间隙（滑阀游间），即主活塞与滑阀可相对移动6mm。滑阀弹簧用销子与滑阀固定在一起，将滑阀压紧在滑阀座上。Theslidevalveisalsoagaspathswitch,embeddedinthemainpistonrodbetweentheupperandlowershoulders,alongtheaxialdirectionofthemainpistonrodandthetwoshouldersofthemainpistonrodhavea6mmgap(slidevalvetravel),thatis,themainpistonandtheslidevalvecanmoverelativeto6mm.Thespoolspringisfixedtogetherwiththespoolwithapin,andthespoolispressedtothespoolseat.作用部Operatingsection1作用部Operatingsection1由稳定杆26、稳定弹簧27、稳定弹簧座30、挡圈31等零部件组成，它们依次安装在主活塞杆尾部筒形套筒内。Thestabilizingdeviceiscomposedofstabilizerrod26,stabilizerspring27,stabilizerspringseat30,stopring31andotherparts,whicharesuccessivelyinstalledinthebarrelsleeveattheendofthemainpistonrod.在稳定弹簧的作用下，稳定杆的头部与滑阀下端面相接触，由于稳定弹簧有一定的预压力，主活塞在向上移动时，必须克服稳定弹簧的阻力，稳定部在一定程度上阻碍了主活塞的上移，使作用部具有一定稳定性，防止了列车在运行中因列车管轻微漏泄或压力波动而引起的意外自然制动。Undertheactionofthestablespring,theheadofthestabilizerrodisincontactwiththelowerendoftheslidevalve.Becausethestablespringhasacertainpre-pressure,theresistanceofthestablespringmustbeovercomewhenthemainpistonmovesupward.Thestablepartobstructstheupwardmovementofthemainpistontoacertainextent,sothattheoperatingsectionhascertainstability.Thetrainispreventedfromaccidentalnaturalbrakingcausedbyslightleakageorpressurefluctuationofthetraintubeduringoperation.稳定装置Thestabilizingdevice作用部Operatingsection1l3-减速充气孔，孔径为φ1.9mm，与滑阀背面上的副风缸充气孔f1连通，减速充气时连通滑阀座上的制动管充气孔l1，制动管向副风缸充气。l3-Decelerationaerationhole,diameterdiameter1.9mm,isconnectedwiththeauxiliaryaircylinderaerationholef1onthebackoftheslidevalve,duringdecelerationaeration,itisconnectedwiththebraketubeaerationholel1ontheslidevalveseat,andthebraketubeaeratestothesecondaryaircylinder.l4——充气孔，孔径为φ2mm，与滑阀背面上的副风缸充气fi连通，充气时连通滑阀座上的制动管充气孔l1，制动管向副风缸充气。l4-Aerationhole,diameterdiameter2mm,connectedwiththeauxiliaryaircylinderaerationfionthebackoftheslidevalve,duringaeration,thebraketubeaerationholel1ontheslidevalveseatisconnected,andthebraketubeisaeratedtothesecondaryaircylinder.f1——滑阀背面的副风缸充气孔。-Auxiliaryaircylinderfillingholeonthebackoftheslidevalve.l6-局减联络槽，制动作用开始时，连通第一阶段局减通路，将制动管压缩空气引入局减室，产生第一阶段局减作用。l6-Officereductionchannel.Whenbrakingactionbegins,thefirststagereductionchannelisconnected,andthecompressedairofthebraketubeisintroducedintotheofficereductionchambertoproducethefirststagereductioneffect.（1）节制阀Controlvalve（2）滑阀Slidevalve作用部Operatingsection1l5——局减孔，上下贯通。一段局减和二段局减时，与滑阀座上的制动管局减孔l2连通，将列车管压力空气引入局减室或局减阀，形成第一或第二阶段局减通路。l5-Localholereduction,upperandlowerthrough.Inthefirstandsecondstage,thebrakepipereliefholel2ontheslidevalveseatisconnected,andthetrainpipepressureairisintroducedintothereliefchamberorthereliefvalvetoformthefirstorsecondstagereliefpassage.f2——加速缓解风缸充气孔，上下贯通，充气时连通滑阀座上的加速缓解风缸孔，副风缸向加速缓解风缸充气。通过滑阀体内的通路与滑阀底面f4槽相通。f2-Theaccelerationreliefaircylinderfillingholeisconnectedtotheaccelerationreliefaircylinderholeontheslidevalveseat,andtheauxiliaryaircylinderisinflatedtotheaccelerationreliefaircylinder.通过滑阀体内的通路与滑阀底面f4槽相通。Throughthepathintheslidevalvebody,itiscommunicatedwiththef4grooveonthebottomsurfaceoftheslidevalve.L7——局减阀入孔，与l5孔暗通。二段局减时，与滑阀座上的l8连通，将制动管压缩空气引向局减阀，并经缓解阀、紧急二段阀充入制动缸（当局减阀开启时），以产生第二阶段局减作用。L7--Localreductionvalveinlethole,steadilyconnectswithl5hole.Whenthesecondstageisreduced,thecompressedairofthebraketubeisconnectedwithl8ontheslidevalveseat,andthecompressedairofthebraketubeisdirectedtothelocalreducingvalve,andthecompressedairischargedintothebrakecylinderthroughthereliefvalveandtheemergencysecondstagevalve(whenthelocalreducingvalveisopened)toproducethesecondstagereducingeffect.作用部Operatingsection1f3——制动孔，上下贯通孔。制动时，与滑阀座上的z1连通，将副风缸压缩空气经缓解阀、紧急二段阀送向制动缸，产生制动作用。

f3--Brakehole,topandbottomthroughhole.Whenbraking,itcommunicateswithz1ontheslidevalveseat,andsendsthecompressedairofthesecondaryaircylindertothebrakecylinderthroughthereliefvalveandtheemergencytwo-stagevalvetoproducebrakingeffect.Z2——缓解联络槽，缓解时，连通滑阀座制动缸孔z1与滑阀座缓解孔z3，将制动缸压力空气送到加速缓解活塞外侧，并经缩孔堵Ⅱ排人大气，产生缓解作用。Z2--Relievethecontactslot.Whenrelieving,connectthespoolseatbrakecylinderholez1andspoolseatreliefholez3,sendthebrakecylinderpressureairtotheoutsideoftheacceleratingreliefpiston,andexhausttheatmospherethroughtheshrinkageholeplugIItoproducearelievingeffect.f4——眼泪孔（“呼吸孔”），孔径φ0.2mm，在滑阀体内与f2孔相通，为适应机车压力保持操纵而设，制动保压时副风缸压力空气经此小孔与滑阀座上的制动管充气孔ll相连通。f4--Thetearhole("breathinghole"),withadiameterof0.2mm,isconnectedwiththef2holeinthespoolbodytoadapttothepressuremaintenanceoperationofthelocomotive.Duringthebrakingpressuremaintenance,theauxiliaryaircylinderpressureairisconnectedwiththebraketubefillingholell,ontheslidevalveseatthroughthissmallhole..zu——阻力调整槽。z